1555.

AN. REG.2, the Popes pretend to have from God in erecting and subverting kingdoms. He knew right well that Ireland had been erected into a kingdom by King Henry the Eighth1, and that both Edward the Sixth and the Queen now reigning had always used the title of Kings of Ireland in the style imperial; but he conceived himself not bound to take notice of it, or to relinquish any privilege which had been exercised in that kind by his predecessors. And thereupon he found out this temperament, that is to say, to dissemble his knowledge of that which had been done by Henry, and of himself to erect the island into a kingdom; that so the world might be induced to believe, that the Queen rather used that title as indulged by the Pope, than as assumed by her father. And this he did according to a secret mystery of government in the Church of Rome, in giving that which they could not take from the possessor; as on the other side some Kings, to avoid contentions, have received of them their own proper goods, as gifts; and others have dissembled the knowledge of the gift, and the pretence of the giver2.

12. These things being thus dispatched in public, the Pope had many private discourses with the Embassadors, in which he found fault that the church-goods were not wholly restored saying that by no means it was to be tolerated, and that it was necessary to render all, even to a farthing. He added, that the things which belong to God could never be applied to human uses, and that he who withholdeth the least part of them was in continual state of damnation; that if he had power to grant them, he would do it most readily, for the fatherly affection which he bare unto them, and for the experience which he had of their filial obedience; but that his authority was not so large as to profane things dedicated to Almighty God; and therefore he would have the people of England be assured, that these church-lands would be an anathema, or an accursed thing, which by the just re1 Sup. i. 44.

2 Sarpi, 391-2. The bull was treated as of some importance, inasmuch as "The natives of Ireland had maintained that the Kings of England originally held Ireland by the donation of Adrian IV., and had lost it by their defection from the communion of Rome."—Lingard, vii. 186.

1555.

venge of God would keep the kingdom in perpetual infelicity1. AN. REG. 2, And of this he charged the Embassadors to write immediately, not speaking it once or twice only, but repeating it upon all occasions. He also told them that the Peter-pence ought to be paid as soon as might be, and that according to the custom he would send a collector for that purpose,216 letting them know that himself had exercised that charge in

46

England, for three years together, and that he was much
edified by seeing the forwardness of the people in that con-
tribution. The discourse upon which particular he closed
with this, that they could not hope that St Peter would open
to them the gates of heaven, as long as they usurped his
goods on earth2. To all which talk the Embassadors could
not choose but give a hearing, and knew that they should
get no more at their coming home.

supposed to

child.

13. At their departure out of England, they left the Queen The Queen in an opinion of her being with child, and doubted not but be with that they should congratulate her safe delivery when they came to render an account of their employment; but it proved the contrary. The Queen about three months after her marriage began to find strong hopes, not only that she had conceived, but also that she was far gone with child. Notice whereof was sent by letters to Bonner from the Lords of

1 Sarpi, 392. Phillips, (L. of Pole, ii. 143), and Lingard, (vii. 186),
deny the truth of Fra Paolo's statements on this subject-founding
their contradiction on Pole's letters. But Mackintosh (ii. 322) ob-
serves that "Pallavicino, who wrote from the archives of the court of
Rome, for the purpose of discrediting Fra Paolo, confirms [his story]
by a remarkable and otherwise inexplicable silence. . . . He passes over
in silence the remonstrances of the pontiff against the detention of
ecclesiastical property in England, which so acute and vigilant an
antagonist would certainly have contradicted if he durst.-Pallav. xiii.
c. 12.
In c. 13 there is almost a positive admission of the veracity of
Fra Paolo." "It is not difficult," Sir James remarks, “to understand
the expedients by which the ingenious and refined sophists of Rome
might reconcile the private language of the Pope with his public acts.
Whoever, indeed, is thoroughly imbued with the important distinction
between an immoral and an illegal act, will own that this dangerously
applied reasoning is not in itself without some colour."-Comp. G.
Ridley's Review of Phillips, 276-7.

2 Sarpi, 393.

3 Dated Nov. 27, 1554.-See Fox, vi. 567; Wilkins, iv. 109.

[HEYLYN, II.]

L

1555.

AN. REG. 2, the Council, by which he was required to cause Te Deum to be sung in all the churches of his diocese, with continual prayers to be made for the Queen's safe delivery. And for example to the rest, these commands were executed first on the 28th of November, Dr Chadsey, one of the Prebends of Paul's, preaching at the cross in the presence of the Bishop of London and nine other Bishops, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen attending in their scarlet robes, and many of the principal citizens in their several liveries. Which opinion gathering greater strength with the Queen and belief with the people, it was enacted by the Lords and Commons, then sitting in parliament, "That if it should happen to the Queen otherwise than well in the time of her travail, that then the King should have the politic government, order, and administration of this realm, during the tender years of her Majesty's issue, together with the rule, order, education and government of the said issue. Which charge as he was pleased to undergo at their humble suit, so they were altogether as forward to confer it on him; not doubting but that during the time of such government he would by all ways and means study, travail, and employ himself to advance the weal both public and private of this realm, and dominions thereunto belonging, according to the trust reposed in him, with no less good-will and affection than if his Highness had been naturally born amongst us1." Set forms of prayers were also made for her safe delivery, and one particularly by Weston, the Prolocutor of the first Convocation; in which it was prayed, "That she might in due season bring forth a child, in body beautiful and comely, in mind noble and valiant. So that she forgetting the trouble, might with joy laud and praise," &c. Great preparations were also made of all things necessary against the time of her delivery, which was supposed would fall out about Whitsuntide, in the month of June, even to the procuring of midwives, nurses, rockers, and the cradle too. And so far the hopes thereof were entertained, that on a sudden rumour of her being delivered the bells were rung and bonfires made in most parts of London. The like solemnities were used at 1 1 and 2 Phil. and Mar. c. 10.

2 Fox, vi. 582; Wilkins, iv. 116. The prayers used on this occasion are sometimes to be found inserted in MS. in the missals of the time.

1555.

Antwerp, by discharging all the ordnance in the English AN. REG. 2,
ships; for which the mariners were gratified by the Queen
Regent with one hundred pistolets. In which, as all of them
seemed to have a spice of madness in them, so none was al-
together so wild as the curate of St Ann's near Aldersgate,
who took upon him after the end of the procession to describe
the proportion of the child, how fair, how beautiful, and great a
Prince it was, the like whereof had never been seen1.

14. But so it happened, that notwithstanding all these triumphs, it proved in fine that the Queen neither was with child at the present, nor had any hopes of being so for the time to come. By some it was conceived that this report was raised upon policy only, to hold her up in the affection of her husband and the love of her subjects; by others, that she had been troubled with a timpany, which not only made her belly swell, but by the windiness of the disease possessed her with a fancy of her being quick2. And some again have left in writing, that, having had the misfortune of a false con47 ception, which bred in her a fleshy and informed substance, 217 by the physicians called a Mola, the continual increase thereof3,

"extreme reformers.

and the agitation it made in her, occasioned her to believe what she most desired, and to report what she believed1. But this informed lump being taken from her, with no small difficulty, did not only turn her supposed joy to shame and sorrow, but made much game amongst some of the Zuinglian gospellers, Excesses of (for I cannot think, that any true English Protestant could make sport thereat); who were so far from desiring that the Queen should have any issue to succeed in the throne, that they prayed God by shortening her days to deprive her of it. Insomuch that one Rose, the minister to a private congregation in Bow church-yard, did use to pray, "that God would either turn her heart from idolatry, or else shorten her days”.”

1 Fox, vii. 125-6. Letters for the purpose of announcing to foreign princes the birth of a "fil-," (with a blank for the termination, according as the sex should prove to be,) were prepared, and are preserved in the State Paper Office.-Tytler, Edw. and Mary ii. 469. 2 Fox, vii. 126. 3 Edd. "whereof."

4 Godwin, 183.

There is no ground for saying that Rose "did use to pray" to this purpose in his London congregation under Mary; nor does

1555.

1554.

AN. REG. 2, On which occasion, and some others of the like ill nature, an Act was made in the said Parliament for punishing of traiterous words against the Queen; in which it was enacted, That the said prayers, and all others of the like mischievous quality, should be interpreted to be high treason against the Queen1. The like exorbitances I find too frequent in this Queen's reign; to which some men were so transported by a furious zeal, that a gun was shot at one Doctor Pendleton, as he preached at St Paul's Cross on Sunday the 10th of June, anno 1554, the pellet whereof went very near him; but the gunner was not to be heard of2. Which occasioned the Queen to publish a Proclamation within few days after, prohibiting the shooting of3 hand-guns and the bearing of weapons. Before which time, that is to say, on the 8th of April, some of them had caused a cat to be hanged upon a gallows near the Cross in Cheapside, Dr Lingard's statement (vii. 191), that he "openly prayed" so on new year's eve, 1554-5, when he was apprehended, appear to be more correct, although it is countenanced by an anonymous letter of the time, Epp.Tigur. 499, where it is said that Rose "pro conversione reginæ oravit ita, ut vel cito eam Deus converteret, vel illius jugum a cervicibus piorum tolleret." The letter-writer (who evidently considered it a great hardship that any one should interfere with such innocent intercessions) would seem to have heard some confused and inaccurate account of the affair. Fox relates (viii. 584) that when Rose had been apprehended with his congregation, while celebrating the holy communion on new year's eve, he was examined before Gardiner; that one of the Bishop's servants charged him with having once prayed in the manner described, at Sir J. Robster's house, near Norwich, in the reign of Edward; and that he declared this to be a misrepresentation of his words:-" My Lord, I made no such prayer, but next after the King I prayed for her after this sort, saying, 'Ye shall pray for my Lady Mary's grace, that God will vouchsafe to endue her with His Spirit, that she graciously may perceive the mysteries contained within His holy laws, and so render unto Him her heart, purified with true faith, and true and loyal obedience to her sovereign Lord the King, to the good ensample of the inferior subjects.' And this, my Lord, is already answered in mine own handwriting to the Council." For an account of Rose, see Strype, Cranmer ii. 374-6, ed. Eccl. Hist. Soc ; Maitland on the Reformation, 434-6. Cranmer recommended him for an Irish archbishoprick in 1552.

1 1 and 2 Phil. and Mar. c. 9 This act (Stat. of the Realm, iv. 254) speaks of the words ascribed in the text to Rose as used by "divers naughty, seditious, malicious and heretical persons "..." in conventicles in divers and sundry profane places within the city of London."