1557. AN. REG. 4, order was taken with the Earl of Westmorland and other noble men of those parts to watch the coasts, and have a care unto the safety of those Northern provinces. By whom he was so closely watched and so well attended, that, having put himself into that castle on the 24th, he was pulled out of it again on the last of April; from thence brought prisoner unto London, 73 condemned of treason, executed on the Tower Hill, May 28, 243 and on the morrow after three of his accomplices were hanged at Tyburn, cut down, and quartered1. Preparations for War with France. 16. But, as it was an ill-wind which blows nobody good, so this French treason, so destructive to the chief conspirators, redounded to the great benefit and advantage of Philip. He had for three years borne the title of King of England, without reaping any profit and commodity by it. But being now engaged in war with King Henry III., though in pursuit rather of his father's quarrels than any new ones of his own, he takes this opportunity to move the Queen to declare herself against the French, and to assist him in his war against that King, for the good of her kingdoms. It was not possible for the Queen to separate her interest from that of her husband without hazarding some great unkindness, if not a manifest breach, between them. She therefore yields to his desire, and by her Proclamation of the 7th of June2, chargeth that King in having an hand not only in the secret practices of the Duke of Northumberland, but also in the open rebellion of Wyat and his confederates. She also laid unto his charge, that Dudley, Ashton, and some other malcontents of England were entertained in the house of his Embassadors, where they contrived many treasons and conspiracies against her and her kingdom; that, flying into France, they were not only entertained in the Court of that King, but relieved with pensions. Finally, that he had aided and encouraged Stafford with shipping, men, money, and munition, to invade her realm,— thereby if it were possible, to dispossess her of her Crown. She therefore gives notice to her subjects that they should forbear all traffic and commerce with the realm of France; from which she had received so many injuries as could admit no reparation but by open war2. And that she might not 1 Stow, 630. Speed, 859. Godwin, 192. 2 Stow, 631. Godwin, 193. 1557. seem to threaten what she never intended, she causeth an AN. REG.4, army to be raised, consisting of one thousand horse, four thousand foot, and two thousand pioneers, which she puts under the command of the Earl of Pembroke, and so dispatcheth them for Flanders, to which they came about the middle of July1. King Philip had gone before on the sixth of that month, and all things here were followed with such care and diligence that the army stayed not long behind; but what they did, falls not within the compass of this present year. 17. All which remains to be remembered in this present New Bishops year relates unto such changes and alterations as were made amongst the Governors of the Church and the Peers of the realm. It hath been signified before that White of Lincoln had prevailed by his friends in Court to be translated unto Winchester, as the place of his nativity and education. To whom succeeded Dr Thomas Watson3, Master of St John's College in Cambridge and Dean of Durham, elected to the See of Lincoln before Christmas last, and acting by that name and in that capacity against the dead body of Martin Bucer. To Day of Chichester, who deceased on the second of August, in the beginning of this year, succeeded Dr John Christopherson, a right learned man, Master of Trinity College in Cambridge and Dean of Norwich,-elected about the same time when the other was, and acting as he did against Bucer and Fagius; as also did Dr Cuthbert Scot, who at that time was actually invested in the See of Chester, upon the death of Dr Cotes, the preceding Bishop. And finally, in the place of Aldrick, Bishop of Carlisle, who died on the fifth of March, 1555, Dr Owen Oglethorp, President of Magdalen College in Oxon and Dean of Windsor, receives consecration to that See in that first part of this year; but the particular day and time thereof I have nowhere found. Within the compass of this year (that is to say, the fourth year of the reign of 2 Sup. p. 173. 1 Stow, 631. 3"Bulla provisionis data 9 Kal. April, 1556; consecratus, decimo quinto Augusti, 1557." Godwin, de Præsul. 301. 513. 4 “Provisus bulla data non Maii, 1557; consecratus, 21 Nov." Godw. 5.66 Temporalia habuit restituta 29 Sept. 1556." Godw. 776. 1557. AN. REG. 4, this Queen) died two other Bishops, Salcot or Capon1, Bishop of Salisbury, and Chambers, the first Bishop of Peterborough ; to the first of which there was no successor actually consecrated or confirmed, for the reasons to be shewed anon, in the reign of this Queen'. But to the other succeeded Dr David Pool, Doctor of both laws, Dean of the Arches, Chancellor to the Bishop of Lichfield, and Archdeacon of Derby; elected before the end of this year, but not consecrated till the fifteenth 74 of August in the beginning of the next1. Restoration of the Earldom of land. 18. Some alterations happened also amongst the Peers Northumber of the realm, in the creation of one, and the destruction of another. A rebellion had been raised in the North upon the first suppression of religious houses, anno 1536; in which Sir Thomas Percy, second son to Henry, the fifth Earl of Northumberland of that name and family, was thought to be a principal stickler, and for the same was publicly arraigned, condemned, and executed. By Eleanor his wife, one of the daughters and heirs of Sir Guiscard Harebottle, he was the father of Thomas and Henry, who hitherto had suffered under his attaindure but now it pleased Queen Mary to reflect on their father's sufferings and the cause thereof; which moved her not only to restore them to their blood and honours, but also to so much of the lands of the Percies as were remaining in the Crown. In pursuance whereof she advanced Thomas, the elder brother, on the last of April, to the style, title, and degree of Earl of Northumberland,-the remainder to his brother Henry, in case the said Thomas should depart this life without issue male. By virtue of which entail the said Henry afterwards succeeded him in his lands and honours, notwithstanding that he was attainted, condemned, and executed for high treason in the time of Queen Elizabeth, anno 1572. Execution of ton. 19. Not many weeks before the restitution of which noble family, that of the Lord Sturton was in no small danger of a final destruction;-a family first advanced to the state of a 1 Oct. 6, 1557. Godw. 353. 2 Richardson dates the death of Chambers in the end of February 1555-6. Ibid. 558. 244 1557. Baron in the person of Sir John Sturton, created Lord Sturton AN. REG.4, in the twenty-sixth of King Henry VI.', and now upon the point of expiring in the person of Charles Lord Sturton, condemned and executed with four of his servants on the sixth of March, for the murder of one Argal and his son, with whom he had been long at variance. It was his first hope that the murder might not be discovered, and for that cause had buried the dead bodies fifteen foot under ground; his second, that by reason of his zeal to the Popish religion, it might be no hard matter to procure a pardon. But the murder was too foul to be capable of any such favour, so that he was not only adjudged to die, but condemned to be hanged. It is reported of Marcus Antonius, that, having vanquished Artavasdes3, King of Armenia, he led him bound in chains to Rome, but, for his greater honour, and to distinguish him from the rest of the prisoners, in chains of gold': and such an honour was vouchsafed to this noble murderer, in not being hanged, as his servants and accomplices were, in a halter of hemp, but in one of silk. And with this fact the family might have expired, if the Queen, having satisfied justice by his execution, had not consulted with her mercy for the restoring of his next heir both in blood and honour. 1 Dugdale, ii. 229. Stow, 630. Godwin, Ann. 192. Comp. Strype, Eccl. Mem. in. c. xlviii. Machyn, 355. The name was Hartgill. • Edd. 1, 2, "Artanasdes." • "Artanasdem [Artavasden] Armeniæ Regem, fraude deceptum, catenis, sed, ne quid honori deesset, auræis vicit [aureis vinxit] Antonius." Vell. Paterc. [ii. 82.] Author. [This quotation is omitted in ed. 3.] AN. REG. 5, 1557. ANNO REGNI MAR. 5, ANNO DOM. 1557, 1558. War in 1. WE E must begin this year with the success of those forces which were sent under the command of the Earl of Pembroke to the aid of Philip; who, having made up an army of thirty-five thousand foot and twelve thousand horse, besides the forces out of England, sat down before St Quintin, the chief town of Piccardy; called by the Romans Augusta Veromanduorum, and took this new name from St Quintin, the supposed tutelary saint and patron of it;—a town of principal importance to his future aims, as being one of the keys of France on that side of the kingdom, and opening a fair way even to Paris itself. For the raising of which siege, the French King sends a puissant army under the command of the Duke of Montmorancy, then Lord High Constable of France, accompanied with the flower of the French nobility. On the 10th day of August the battles join, in which the French were vanquished and their army routed: the Constable himself, the Prince of Mantua, the Dukes of Montpensier and Longuaville, with six others of the prime nobility, and many others of less note, being taken prisoners; the Duke of Anguien, the Viscount Turin, four persons of honourable rank, most of the foot captains, and of the common soldiers to the number of 2500, slain upon the place'. The news whereof struck such a terror in King Henry II., that he was upon the point of forsaking Paris and retiring into Languedock, or some other remote part of his dominions; in the suddenness of which surprise he dispatched his couriers for recalling the Duke of Guise out of Italy, whom he had sent thither at the Pope's instigation with a right puissant army for the conquest of Naples. But Philip, knowing better how to enjoy than to use his victory, continued his siege before St Quintin, which he stormed on the 18th of that month, the 1 Stow, 631. The Escurial was built in memory of the victory of St Quentin. Robertson, Hist. Charles V., iii. 117. 75 248 |