AN. REG. 1, the way; and the next day she restored some unto their old, 1558-9. and advanced others to new honours, according to her own New peerages fancy and their deservings. The Marquess of Northampton,

&c.

The coronation.

who had lain under an attaindure ever since the first beginning of the reign of Queen Mary', she restored in blood, with all his titles and estates. The Lord Edward Seimour, eldest son to the late Duke of Somerset, was by her reconfirmed in the titles of Viscount Beauchamp and Earl of Hartford, which had been formerly entailed upon him by Act of Parliament. The Lord Thomas Howard, second son of Thomas, the late Duke of Norfolk, and brother to Henry, Earl of Surrey, (beheaded in the last days of King Henry the Eighth) she advanced to the title of Viscount Howard of Bindon. She also preferred Sir Oliver St Johns, who derived himself from the Lady Margaret, daughter of John, Duke of Somersets, from whom the Queen herself descended, to the dignity of Lord St John of Bletsoe; and Sir Henry Carie, son of Sir William Carie, Knight, and of Mary Bollen his wife, the only sister of Queen Anne Bollen, she promoted to the honour and degree of Lord Carie of Hunsdon'.

eyes

8. The ordinary acts of grace and favour being thus dispatched, she prepares the next morning for a triumphant passage through London to her Palace at Westminster. But 106 first, before she takes her chariot, she is said to have lifted up 278 her to heaven, and to have used some words to this or the like effect:-" O Lord, Almighty and everliving God, I give thee most hearty thanks that thou hast been so merciful unto me as to spare me to see this joyful day. And I acknowledge that thou hast dealt as wonderfully and as mercifully with me as thou didst with thy true and faithful servant Daniel thy Prophet, whom thou deliveredst out of the den from the cruelty of the raging greedy lions. Even so was I overwhelmed, and only by thee delivered; to thee only be thanks, honour, and praise for ever. Amen." Which said, she

2

Sup. i. 6, 251.

1 Sup. p. 84. The new peer was not descended from the lady mentioned in the text,-Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of Henry VII.,—but from her mother, Margaret Beauchamp, who, before marrying John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, had been the wife of Sir Oliver St John. Collins, vi. 741. Heylyn states the descent rightly in Exam. Hist. Pt. iii. 75. 5 Holinshed, iv. 176.

4 Stow, 635. Camd. 371.

1558-9.

mounted into her chariot with so clear a spirit as if she had AN. REG. 1, been made for that day's solemnity. Entertained all the way she went with the joyful shouts and acclamations of "God save the Queen!" which she repaid with such a modest affability and so good a grace that it drew tears of joy from the eyes of some, with infinite prayers and thanksgiving from the hearts of all; but nothing more endeared her to them, than the accepting of an English Bible richly gilt, which was let down. from one of the pageants by a child representing Truth'. At the sight whereof she first kissed both her hands, with both her hands she received the book, which first she kissed and after laid unto her bosom, (as the nearest place unto her heart), giving the city greater thanks for that excellent gift than for all the rest which plentifully had been that day bestowed upon her, and promised to be diligent in the reading of it2. By which and many other acts of popular piety, with which she passed away that day, she did not only gain the hearts of all them that saw her, but they that saw her did so magnify her most eminent graces that they procured the like affections in the hearts of all others also.

9. On the next morning, with like magnificence and splendour, she is attended to the Church of St Peter in Westminster, where she was crowned according to the order of the Roman Pontifical by Dr Owen Oglethorp, Bishop of Carlisle3, the only man among all the Bishops who could be wrought on by her to perform that office. Whether it were that they saw some alteration coming, to which they were resolved not to yield conformity, so that they could not be in a worse case upon this refusal than they should be otherwise; or that they feared the Pope's displeasure, if they should do an act so contrary unto his pretensions without leave first granted; or that they had their own particular animosities and spleens against her, (as the Archbishop of York particularly, for his being deprived of the Seal)-is not certainly known. None more condemned for the refusal than the Bishop of Ely, as one

1 Holinshed, iv. 168. This chronicler is very full on the subject of the pageants connected with the coronation.

2 Ibid. 170; Hayw. 17.

* Ibid. 176. Strype, Ann. i. 29, mentions a curious circumstance,-that Bonner's robes were borrowed for the occasion.

4

Thirlby.

1558-9.

AN. REG. 1, that had received his first preferment from the King her father, and who complied so far in the time of King Edward as to assist in the composing of the public Liturgy, and otherwise appeared as forward in the Reformation as any other of that order. So that no reason can be given either for his denial now to perform that service, or afterwards for his not complying with the Queen's proceedings, but that he had been one of those which were sent to Rome to tender the submission of the kingdom to the Pope still living1, and could not now appear with honour in any such action as seemed to carry with it a repugnancy (if not a manifest inconsistency) with the said engagement. It cannot be denied but that there were three Bishops2 living of King Edward's making, all of them zealously affected to the Reformation; and possibly it may seem strange that the Queen received not the Crown rather from one of their hands, than to put herself unto the hazard of so many denials as had been given her by the others. But unto this it may be answered, that the said Bishops at that time were deprived of their sees,-(but whether justly or unjustly, could not then be questioned)—and therefore not in a capacity to perform that service. Besides, there being at that time no other form established for a Coronation than that which had much in it of the ceremonies and superstitions of the Church of Rome, she was not sure that any of the said three Bishops would have acted in it, without such alterations and omissions in the whole course of that order as might have rendered the whole action questionable amongst captious men ; and therefore finally she thought it more conducible to her reputation amongst 107 foreign Princes to be crowned by the hands of a Catholic Bishop, 279 (or one at least which was accounted to be such), than if it had been done by any of the other religion.

Meeting of
Parliament.

10. And now the Parliament draws on, summoned to
begin on the 25th of that month, being the Anniversary day
of St Paul's Conversion; a day which seemed to carry some
good omen in it in reference to that great work of the Refor-
mation which was therein to be established. The Parliament
opened with an eloquent and learned sermon, preached by Dr
Cox3, a man of good credit with the Queen, and of no less
esteem with the Lords and Commons who carried any good
1 Sup. p. 143.
* Coverdale, Scory, and Barlow. 3 Stow, 636.

1558-9.

affection to the memory of King Edward the Sixth'. The AN. REG.1,
choosing of which man to perform that service was able of
itself to give some intimation of the Queen's design to most
of the auditors; though, to say truth, the Bishops refusing to
perform the ceremony of the coronation had made themselves
incapable of a further trust. Nor could the Queen's design

be so closely carried, but that such lords and gentlemen as
had the managing of elections in their several countries re-
tained such men for members of the House of Commons as
they conceived most likely to comply with their intentions for a
Reformation. Amongst which none appeared more active than
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, whom the Queen had taken
into her Council, Henry Fitz-Allen, Earl of Arundel, whom
she continued in the office of Lord Steward, and Sir William
Cecil, whom she had restored to the place of Secretary, to
which he had been raised by King Edward the Sixth. Be-
sides, the Queen was young, unmarried, and like enough to
entertain some thoughts of an husband; so that it can be no
great marvel, not only if many of the nobility, but some even
of the gentry also, flattered themselves with possibilities of
being the man whom she might choose to be her partner in
the regal diadem. Which hopes much smoothed the way to
the accomplishment of her desires, which otherwise might have
proved more rugged and unpassable than it did at the present.
Yet notwithstanding all their care, there wanted not some
rough and furious spirits in the House of Commons, who
eagerly opposed all propositions which seemed to tend unto the
prejudice of the Church of Rome. Of which number none so
violent as Story, Doctor of the Laws, and a great instrument
of Bonner's butcheries in the former reign. Who, being ques-
tioned for the cruelty of his executions, appeared so far from
being sensible of any error which he then committed, as to
declare himself to be sorry for nothing more than that, instead
of lopping off some few boughs and branches, he did not lay
1 To whom Cox had been tutor, sup. i. 25. 2 Qu. "returned ?"
3 Camden, 372; who says that the Romanists represented this as
having been done. The very same sort of management had been used in
the preceding reign. See Queen Mary's letter to the Earl of Sussex before
the Parliament in which the reconciliation with Rome was to be moved.
Burnet, II. ii. 283. On the interference of the Court in elections to the
House of Commons in those days, see Hallam, Const. Hist. i. 45.

1558-9.

New Acts.

AN. REG.1, his axe to the root of the tree1; and though it was not hard to guess at how high a mark the wretch's malice seemed to aim, and what he meant by laying his axe to the root of the tree, yet passed he unpunished for the present, though Divine vengeance brought him in conclusion to his just reward2. Others there were-and doubtless many others also in the House of Commons, who had as great zeal as he to the Papal interess, but either had more modesty in the conduct of it, or preferred their duty and allegiance to their natural Prince before their zeal to the concernments of the Church of Rome. 11. In this Parliament there passed an Act for recognizing the Queen's just title to the Crowns; but without any Act for the validity of her mother's marriage, on which her title most depended. For which neglect most men condemned the new Lord Keeper, on whose judgment she relied especially in point of law; in whom it could not but be looked on as a great incogitancy, to be less careful of her own and her mother's honour than the Ministers of the late Queen Mary had been of hers. But Bacon was not to be told of an old law maxim, that "the Crown takes away all defects and stops in blood, and that, from the time that the Queen did assume the Crown, the fountain was cleared, and all attainders and corruption of blood discharged"." Which maxim, how unsafe soever it may seem to others, yet, since it goes for a known rule

'Fox, vi. 554; Hayw. 25; Strype, Ann. i. 70. Camden, Annal. p. 13, ed. 1615, refers Story's speech to the reign of Mary. "Ea tempestate, dum in minoris notæ Protestantes sæviretur, J. Storius, Legum D. et alii ingenio immiti [cf. p. 261] per circulos passim dictitarunt, Haeresis radicem (illam innuentes) exscindendam, non ramusculos amputandos."

" He fled to Brabant, and was appointed searcher for English goods at Antwerp. Having been decoyed on board an English vessel in 1569, he was brought back, and committed to prison. In 1571 he was tried for having conspired the Queen's death, having advised the Duke of Alva how to invade England, and other such offences. He refused to submit to a trial, declaring himself a subject not of Elizabeth, but of the king of Spain; and denying that he was accountable in England for what he had done abroad. The judges, however, condemned him, and he was executed at Tyburn. Fuller, iv. 349. Camden in Kennett, ii. 417, 437. Burnet, 11. ii. 555. Fox, viii. 743. Speed, 870. * 1 Eliz. c. 3.

Camd. 25, ed. 1615.

"Licet jurisprudentia Anglicana jam olim pronuntiarit Coronam semel susceptam omnes omnino defectus tollere." Ibid.