1564. siastical, according to the Acts and Statutes made in that AN. REG. 6, behalf'; for then it was to be presumed, that such as had denied obedience to her sole commands, would at least give it to the laws. The Archbishop is thereupon required to consult together with such Bishops and Commissioners as were next at hand, upon the making of such rules and orders as they thought necessary for the peace of the Church, with reference to the present condition and estate thereof: which being accordingly performed, presented to the Queen, and by her approved, the said rules and orders were set forth and published in a certain book, entituled, "Advertisements, partly for due order in the public Administration of Common Prayers, and using the holy Sacraments; and partly for the apparel of all persons ecclesiastical, by the virtue of the Queen's Majesty's letters commanding the same, the 15th day of January 2," &c. And that they might be known to have the stamp of royal authority, a preface was prefixed before them, in which it was expressed, "That the Queen had called to her remembrance how necessary it was for the advancement of God's glory, &c. for all her loving subjects of the state ecclesiastical3, not only to be knit together in the bonds of uniformity touching the ministration of God's Word and Sacraments, but also to be of one decent behaviour of outward apparel, that by their distinct habits they might be known to be of that holy vocation, 167 whereby the greater reverence might be given unto them in 339 their several offices;" that thereupon she "had required the 1 Heylyn, it may be observed, speaks of the Advertisements as having the force of law,-considering that they fulfilled the conditions of the clause in the Act of Uniformity, which reserved to the Queen a power, with the advice of her commissioners or of the metropolitan, of "taking other order" as to dress, ceremonies, &c. from that which was prescribed in the Prayer-Book. And this was the view taken down to our author's time; e. g. by Andrewes (Append. to Nicholls on the Common Prayer, 38), and by Sparrow (Rationale, 311, ed. Oxf. 1840). Many writers of a later date, however, among whom are Gibson, Nicholls, Strype, Collier, Burn, and Dr Cardwell,-have supposed that the Queen's sanction was withheld, and, consequently, that the Advertisements had not the authority of law. The older view is very fully and satisfactorily vindicated by Archdeacon Harrison, in his "Historical Inquiry into the Rubric." Lond. 1845, pp. 80, seqq. 2 Wilkins, iv. 247-250. "especially the state ecclesiastical." 4 "in their." 1564. AN.REG. 6, Metropolitan, by her special letters, that, upon conference had with such other Bishops as were authorized by her Commission for Causes Ecclesiastical, some order might be took, whereby all diversities and varieties in the premises might be taken away;" and finally, that, in obedience unto her commands, the said Metropolitan and the rest there named had agreed upon "the rules and orders ensuing, which were by her thought meet to be used and followed." 9. Now in these Articles or Advertisements, it was particularly enjoined amongst other things, "That all Archbishops and Bishops should continue their accustomed apparel; that all Deans of Cathedral Churches, Masters of Colleges, all Archdeacons and other dignitaries in Cathedral Churches, Doctors, Bachelors of Divinity and Law, having any ecclesiastical living, should wear in their common apparel abroad a side1 gown with sleeves straight at the hand, without any cut in the same, and that also without any falling cape, and to wear tippets of sarsnet, as was lawful for them by Act of Parliament, 24 Henry VIII.2; that all Doctors of Physic or any other faculty having any living ecclesiastical, or any other that may dispend by the Church 100 marks, so3 to be esteemed by the fruits or tenths of their promotions; or all Prebendaries, whose promotions are valued at 207. and upward, do wear the like habit; that they, or all ecclesiastical persons, or other having any ecclesiastical living, do wear the cap appointed by the Injunctions, and no hats, but in their journeyings; that they in their journeys do wear the cloaks with sleeves put on, and like in fashion to their gowns, without gards, welts, or cuts; that in their private houses or studies they use their own liberty of comely apparel; that all inferior ecclesiastical persons shall wear long gowns of the fashion aforesaid, and caps as before is described; that all poor parsons, vicars, and curates, do endeavour themselves to conform their apparel in like sort, so soon and as conveniently as their abilities will serve for the same; provided that their ability be judged by the Bishop of the diocese; and if their ability will not suffer them to buy them long gowns, of the form afores prescribed, that then they shall wear their, short gowns, as c. 13.-A statute against "excess of apparel." Edd. Heyl." aforesaid." 1i. e. long. 3 Edd. Heyl. "he." 2 Edd." to." 1564. before expressed; that all such persons as have been or be AN. REG. 6, - Ascendancy Earl of Lei 10. To return therefore where we left, the next con- of Dudley, siderable action which followed on the Queen's reception at cester. Cambridge, but more considerable in the consequents than in the act itself, was the preferring of Sir Robert Dudley, the second son then living to the Duke of Northumberland, to the titles of Lord Denbigh and Earl of Leicester; which honour she conferred on him on Michaelmas day2, with all the pomps and ceremonies thereunto accustomed. She had before elected him into the Order of the Garters, made him the Master of her Horse and Chancellor of the University of Oxon; suffered him to carry a great sway in all affairs both of Court and Council, and given unto him the fair manor of Denbigh, being conceived to be one of the goodliest territories in England, as having more gentlemen of quality which owes suit and service thereunto than any other whatsoever in the hands of a subject. And now she adds unto these honours the goodly castle and manor of Kenilworth, part of the patrimony and possession of the Duchy of Lancaster. Advanced unto which height, he engrossed unto himself the disposing of all offices in Court and State, and of all preferments in the Church; proving in fine so unappeasable in his malice and unsatiable in his lusts, so sacrilegious in his rapines, so false in promises, and trea168 cherous in point of trust, and finally so destructive of the rights 340 and properties of particular persons, that his little finger lay far heavier on the English subjects than the loins of all the 1 The Advertisements do not appear to have been published until 3 "Primo regni anno...non sine omnium admiratione." Camd. 56, The Earl of Leicester was elected by the University, in preference to Archbishop Parker. Wood's Hist. and Antiq. ed. Gutch, ii. 100. AN.REG.6, favourites of the two last kings. And that his monstrous vices 1564. (most insupportable in any other than himself) might either Obsequies of the Emperor Ferdinand. be connived at, or not complained of, he cloaks them with a seeming zeal to the true religion, and made himself the head of the Puritan faction, who spared no pains in setting forth his praises upon all occasions, making themselves the Tromparts to this Bragadocio'. Nor was he wanting to caress them after such a manner as he found most agreeable to those holy hypocrites, using no other language in his speech and letters than pure Scripture phrase, in which he was become as dexterous as if he had received the same inspirations with the sacred penmen. Of whom I had not spoke so much, but that he seemed to have been born for the destruction of the Church of England, as may appear further in the prosecution of the Presbyterian or Puritan history, whensoever any able pen shall be exercised in it. 11. But leaving this Court-meteor to be gazed on by unknowing men, let us attend the obsequies of the Emperor Ferdinand, who died on the [26th] of [July]2 in the year now being, leaving the Empire and the rest of his dominions to Maximilian his eldest son, whom he had before made King of the Romans. A Prince he was who had deserved exceeding well of the Queen of England, and she resolved not to be wanting to the due acknowledgment of so great a merit. The afternoon of the second day of October and the forenoon of the third are set apart by her command for this great solemnity, for which there was erected in the upper part of the quire of the said Church a goodly herse, richly garnished and set forth, all the quire being hanged with black cloth, adorned with rich scutcheons of his arms of sundry sorts: at the solemnization of which funeral there were twelve mourners, and one that presented the Queen's person, which was the Marquess of Winchester, Lord Treasurer of England, the other twelve being two Earls, six Lords, and four Knights; the sacred part thereof performed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of London and Rochester; the funeral sermon being preached by the Bishop of London3, which tended much 1 See Spenser, Faëry Queen, b. ii. canto 3. 2 The dates of the day and month are left blank in the old editions. unto the praise and commendation of that famous Emperor. By which solemnity, as she did no small honour to the dead, so she gave great contentment to the living also; the people being generally much delighted with such glorious pomps, and the Church of England thereby held in estimation with all foreign Princes. AN. REG. 6, 1564. between Nowell. vin. 12. Nothing else memorable in this year but the coming Controversy out of certain books, and the death of Calvin. Dorman, an Dorman and English fugitive, first publisheth a book for proof of certain of the articles denied in Bishop Jewel's Challenge; encountered first by Alexander Nowel, Dean of the Cathedral Church of St Paul, who first appeared in print against those of Lovain, and is replied upon by Dorman, in a book entitled, "A Discovery of Mr Nowel's Untruths," not published till the year next following1. But of more consequence to this Church was the death of Calvin', by whose authority so much disorder and Death of Calconfusion was to be brought upon it in the times succeeding;a name much reverenced, not only by those of his own party and persuasions, but by many grave and moderate men, who did not look at first into the dangers which ensued upon it. His platform at Geneva made the only pattern by which all reformed Churches were to frame their government; his writings made the only rule by which all students in divinity were to square their judgment. What Peter Lombart was esteemed to be in the schools of Rome, the same was Calvin reckoned in all those Churches which were reformed according to the Zuinglian doctrine in the point of the Sacrament3. 1 Sup. 329. 2 May 27, ann. æt. 55. Henry, Leben Calvins, iii. 592. 3 "Of what account the Master of Sentences was in the Church of Rome, the same and more amongst the preachers of reformed Churches Calvin had purchased; so that the perfectest divines were judged they which were skilfullest in Calvin's writings. His books almost the very canon to judge both doctrine and discipline by. French Churches, both under others abroad and at home in their own country, all cast according to that mould which Calvin had made. The Church of Scotland, in erecting the fabric of their reformation, took the selfsame pattern. Till at length the discipline...began now to challenge universal obedience,' &c. (Hooker, Pref. to Eccl. Polity, ii. 8. Vol. i. p. 173, ed. Keble, 1836.) But it is incorrect and unjust to speak, as Heylyn does, of Calvin's doctrine on the subject of the Eucharist as identical with that |