of Wales which fell out better for the tutor than it did for Introduct. the pupil; who, being left destitute of the counsel of so grave a man, began to give way more and more to her grief and passions, which brought her at the last to such an averseness from the King, and such a manifest disaffection to his person and government, that he was once upon the point of sending her prisoner to the Tower; and had so done, if Cranmer had not interposed some powerful reasons to dissuade him from it1.

20. During which time of her averseness, the King sent certain of the Lords to remove her to Hatfield; who, having no authority to treat her by the name of Princess, but only to execute the King's commands, gave her occasion thus to signify her discontentments, "My Lords (said she) as touching my removing to Hatfield, I will obey his Grace, as my duty is, or to any other place that his Grace will appoint me: but I protest before you, and all other that be here present, that my conscience will in no wise suffer me to take any other than myself for Princess, or for the King's daughter born in lawful matrimony; and that I will never wittingly or willingly say or do whereby any person might take occasion to think that I agree to the contrary. Nor say I this out of any ambition or proud mind, as God is my judge; but that, if I should do otherwise, I should in my conscience slander the deed of our mother, the holy Church, and the Pope, who is the judge in this matter, and none other; and also should dishonour the King my father, the Queen my mother, and falsely confess myself a bastard, which God defend that I should do, since the Pope hath not so declared it by his sentence definitive; to whose final judgment I submit myself"." In pursuance of which claim to the title of Princess, together with the privileges and pre-eminences thereunto belonging, she writes this following letter to the King her father, on a like occasion :

successful discharge of his duties as Mary's tutor. She was but three years old when he was made Bishop.

1 "He was fully purposed to proceed further with her, (as is reported) had not the intercession of Thomas Cranmer the Archbishop reconciled the King to favour and pardon his own daughter."-Fox, ii. 787, ed. 1631.

2 Fox, ii. 788, ed. 1631.

Introduct.

Her condition improved

after the death of

Queen Anne.

"In most humble wise I beseech your Grace of your daily blessing. Pleaseth it the same to be advertised, that this morning my Chamberlain came and shewed me that he had received a letter from Sir William Paulet, Comptroller of your house the effect whereof was, that I should with all diligence remove unto the Castle of Hartford. Whereupon I desired him to see the same letter, which he shewed me; wherein was written, that the Lady Mary, the King's daughter, should remove to the place beforesaid,-leaving out in the same the name of Princess. Which when I heard, I could not a little marvel, trusting verily that your Grace was not privy to the same letter, as concerning the leaving out of the name of Princess; forasmuch as I doubt not in your goodness, but that your Grace doth take me for your lawful daughter, born in true matrimony. Wherefore if I should agree to the contrary, I should in my conscience run into the displeasure of God, which I hope assuredly that your Grace would not that I so should. And in all other things your Grace shall have me always as humble an obedient daughter and handmaid as ever was child to the father, which my duty bindeth me to; as 11 knoweth our Lord, who have your Grace in his most holy 181 tuition, with much honour and long life, to his pleasure.

"By your most humble daughter,

"MARY, Princess1.

"From your manor of Beaulieu2, Octob. 2."

And on these terms she stood from the divorce of her mother till the attaindure of Queen Anne Bollen, against whom she thought it did concern her to bear up to the highest, as she did accordingly.

21. But growing into better hopes by the death of the said Queen Anne, the annulling of the marriage also, and the bastardizing of the Princess Elizabeth, her only daughter, she began to cast about again, writes her submissive letters to the King her father, and humbly craves some testimonies of his love and goodness. Which so prevailed, that the Duke of Norfolk is sent to treat with her upon certain instructions,-so

1 Fox, ii. 788, ed. 1631.

2 Edd. Heyl. "Beaulien."

necessary to the knowledge of her affairs in this conjuncture, Introduct. that they deserve a place here, and are these that follow1:

"Certain articles and injunctions given by the King's Highness to his right trusty and right entirely beloved cousin and Counsellor, the Duke of Norfolk; whom, with certain others in his company, his Majesty sendeth to the Lady Mary his daughter, for the purposes ensuing.

"FIRST, whereas the said Lady Mary hath sundry ways, with long continuance, shewed herself so obstinate towards the King's Majesty, her Sovereign Lord and father, and so disobedient to his laws, conceived and made upon most just, virtuous, and godly grounds, that, as the wilful disobedience thereof seemeth a monster in nature, so, unless the mercy of his Highness had been most abundantly extended unto her, by the course of his Grace's laws, and the force of his justice, she endangered herself so far that it was greatly to his Highness's regret and hearty sorrow to see and perceive how little she esteemeth the same extending to the loss of his favour, the loss of her honour, the loss of her life, and undoubtedly to the indignation of Almighty God;-for that she neither obeyeth her father and Sovereign, nor his just and virtuous laws aforesaid. And that of late nevertheless, calling to remembrance her transgressions and offences in this part towards God, [and] her father and Sovereign Lord, the King's Highness, she hath written to the same three sundry letters, containing a declaration of her repentance conceived for the premises, with such an humble and simple submission, as she appeareth not only to submit herself wholly and without exception, (especially by the last letter,) to the laws, but also for her state and condition, to put herself only to his Grace's mercy-nothing desiring but mercy and forgiveness for her offences, with a reconciliation to his Grace's favour :

"Albeit his Majesty hath been so ingrately handled and used by her, as is afore declared, that the like would enforce any private person to abandon for ever such an unkind and inobedient child from their grace and favour; yet such is his Ma

1 Herbert gives the articles only, without the preamble.-195. Strype also gives only the articles from a different copy.-Eccl. Mem. 1. App. No. 75. Comp. State Papers, i. 458-9. The MS., in the Cottonian Library, is greatly mutilated.

Introduct. jesty's gracious and divine nature, such is his clemency and pity, such his merciful inclination and princely heart, that, as he hath been ever ready to take pity and compassion of all offenders, repentantly calling and crying for the same, so, in case he may throughly perceive the same to be in the said Lady Mary's heart which she hath put in pen and writing, his Highness, considering the imbecility of her sex,-being the same is frail, inconstant, and easy to be persuaded by simple counsel, can be right well contented to remit unto her part of his said displeasure: and therefore hath at this time, for the certain knowledge of her heart and stomach, sent unto her his said cousin, with others, to demand and inquire of her certain questions. Her answers whereunto his pleasure is they shall require, and note in writing; which shall throughly decipher 12 whether she be indeed the person she pretendeth, or for any 182 respect hath with general words laboured to cloke the special matter, which is repugnant and contrary to that which his Majesty hath gathered and conceived of the same.

"(1) And first, after their access and declaration of the premises, they shall for their first question demand of her, Whether she doth recognise and knowledge the King's Highness for her Sovereign Lord and King, in the imperial crown of this realm of England, and will and doth submit herself unto his Highness, and to all and singular the laws and statutes of this realm, as becometh every true and faithful subject to do.

"(2) Also, whether she will, with all her power and qualities that God hath endued her withal, not only obey, keep, and observe all and singular laws and statutes of this realm, but also set forth, advance, and maintain the same, to the utmost of her power, according to her bounden duty.

"(3) Also, whether she will recognise, accept, take, and repute the King's Highness to be supreme head in earth, under Christ, of the Church of England, and utterly refuse the Bishop of Rome's pretended power and jurisdiction, heretofore usurped in this realm, according to the laws and statutes of the same, made and ordained in that behalf, and1 of all the King's true subjects humbly received, admitted, obeyed, kept, and ob

1 Edd. "in the behalf of all," &c. The alteration is according to the copy of Mary's submission in Collier, iv. 340. Strype reads "in that behalf," but omits the remainder of the article.

served and also will and do renounce and utterly forsake all Introduct. manner of remedy, interess, and advantage by the said Bishop of Rome's laws, process, or jurisdiction to her in any wise appertaining, or that hereafter may by any title, colour, or mean, belong, grow, succeed, or appertain, or in any case may follow

or ensue.

"(4) And whether she will and doth, of her duty and obedience towards God, her allegiance towards the King's Highness, and the laws of this realm, and also of the sincere love and zeal that she beareth towards the truth, freely and frankly recognise and knowledge, without any other respect, both by God's law and man's law, the marriage heretofore had between his Majesty and her mother to be unlawful1.

"(5) Also, be she inquired or examined, for what cause, and by whose motion and means, she hath continued and remained in her obstinacy so long; and who did embold or animate her thereto, with other circumstances thereto2 appertaining?

"(6) Also, What is the cause that she at this present time, rather than at any other heretofore, doth submit herself?"

22. To these six articles she was required to give a plain and positive answer; which plainly shews the doubtfulness and uncertainty of her present condition, in being either forced to confess herself to be illegitimate, or running on the last hazard of the King's displeasure if she should do otherwise. But, wisely considering in herself whom she had to deal with, she thought it safest to strike sail, and to submit herself to him, with whom it was not lawful for her to dispute that point, if she had been able. She therefore makes a clear acknowledgment of the four first articles, by the subscribing of her name3; but craved leave to demur on the two last, because some persons were concerned in them whom she was not willing to discover. And by this means she gained so far upon the King, that from

1 This article is considerably different in Strype; who inserts between it and the next, one in which the Princess acknowledges herself to be "illegitimate and a bastard."

2 So Strype; edd. Heyl. "thereof."

3 Herbert, 195. The submission is printed by Burnet, 1. 418; Collier, iv. 339.