1553. AN.REG.1, and that there was no speedier way to advance a general conformity over all the kingdom, than to take beginning at the head, from whence both sense and motion is derived to the rest of the body. Which makes it seem the greater wonder that he should be so backward in advancing images (if at the least his actings in that kind have not been misplaced) as not to go about it till the year next following; unless it were that he began to be so wise as to stay until the Queen's affairs were better settled. But no sooner was her marriage past, when we find him at it. For having by that time prepared a fair and large image of our Saviour, which they called the Rood, he caused it to be laid along upon the pavement of St Paul's quire, and all the doors of the church to be kept close shut, whilst he, together with the Prebendaries1, sung and said divers prayers by it. Which done, they anointed it with oil in divers places, and after the anointing of it, crept unto it and kissed it, and after weighed it up, and set it in its accustomed place; the whole quire in the mean time singing Te Deum, and the bells publishing their joy at the end of the pageant2. After which a command is given to Dr Story (who was then Chancellor of his diocese, and afterwards a most active instrument in all his butcheries) to visit every parish-church in London 3 and Middlesex, to see their rood-lofts repaired, and the image 20 of the crucifix with Mary and John to be placed on them3. A match between the Queen and Philip, Prince of 'Spain. 22. But it is time that we return to the former parliament; during the sitting whereof the Queen had been desired to marry, and three husbands had been nominated, of several qualities, that she might please herself in the choice of one: that is to say, Edward Lord Courtney, whom she had lately restored to the title of Earl of Devon1; Reginald Pole, a Cardinal of the Church of Rome, descended from George Duke of Clarence; and Philip, the eldest son of Charles the Emperor. It is affirmed that she had carried some good affections to the Earl of Devonshire ever since she first saw him in the Tower, as being of a lovely personage and royal extraction, the grandson of a daughter of King Edward the Fourth; but he, being sounded afar off, had declined the matter. Concerning which there goes a story, that the young Earl petitioning her for leave 1 Edd. 1, 2, "Prebends." 2 Fox, vi. 558. 4 Sept. 3, 1553.-Stow, 616. 1553. to travel, she advised him to marry and stay at home, assuring AN.REG.1, him that no lady in the land, how high soever, would refuse to accept him for an husband. By which words, though she pointed out herself unto him, as plainly as might either stand with the modesty or majesty of a maiden Queen, yet the young gentleman, not daring to look so high as a crown, or being better affected to the person of the Princess Elizabeth, desired the Queen to give him leave to marry her sister. Which gave the Queen so much displeasure that she looked with an evil eye upon them both for ever after;-upon the Earl for not accepting that love which she seemed to offer, and on her sister as her rival in the Earl's affections'. It was supposed also that she might have some inclinations to Cardinal Pole, as having been brought up with him in the house of his mother, the late Countess of Salisbury2. But against him it was objected that he began to grow in years3, and was so given to his book that he seemed fitter for a cowl than to wear a crown; that he had few dependences at home, and fewer alliances abroad; and that the Queen's affairs did require a man both stout and active, well backed with friends, and able at all points to carry on the great concernments of the kingdom. And then what fitter husband could be found out for her than Philip Prince of Spain? a Prince in the verdure of his years, and eldest son to the most mighty Emperor Charles the Fifth; by whom, the Netherlands being laid to England, and both secured by the assistance and power of Spain, this nation might be rendered more considerable both by sea and land than any people in the world'. 23. To this last match the Queen was carefully solicited 1 Dr Lingard, (vii. 128) shews, from the dispatches of Noailles, the French Ambassador, that Courtenay forfeited the Queen's regard by misconduct; that while "in public she observed that it was not for her honour to marry a subject... to her confidential friends she attributed the cause to the immorality of Courtenay." (Comp. Tytler, Edw. and Mary, ii. 259.) Dr Lingard has, however, done wrong to Hume in saying that he "could have had no better authority than his own imagination" for his "very romantic statement" as to the cause of Courtenay's rejection; for Hume only followed Heylyn. On the subject of Courtenay, see the British Magazine, xviii. 256-60. 2 Sup. p. 50. 3 He was born in 1500.—Life by Philips, i. 4. 4 Godwin, 167. [HEYLYN, II.] 1553. AN.REG. 1, by the Bishop of Winchester', who neither loved the person of Pole nor desired his company, for fear of growing less in power and reputation by coming under the command of a Cardinal Legate. To which end he encouraged Charles the Emperor to go on with this marriage for his son; not without some secret intimation of his advice for not suffering Pole to come into England (if he were suffered to come at all) till the treaty was concluded, and the match agreed on. According whereunto, the Lord Lamoralle Earl of Edgmond, Charles Earl of Lalain, and John d'Mount Morency, Earl of Horn, arrived in England as Ambassadors from the Emperor. In the beginning of 1553-4. January they began to treat upon the marriage, which they found so well prepared before their coming that in short time Conditions of it was accorded these conditions.upon "1. That it should marriage. be lawful for Philip to assume the title of all the kingdoms and provinces belonging to his wife, and should be joint Governor with her over those kingdoms; the privileges and customs thereof always preserved inviolate, and the full and free distribution of bishopricks, benefices, favours and offices, always remaining entire in the Queen. 2. That the Queen should also carry the titles of all those realms into which Philip either then was or should be afterwards invested. 3. That if the Queen survived Philip, sixty thousand pounds per annum should be assigned to her for her jointure, as had been formerly assigned to the Lady Margaret, sister to King Edward the Fourth, and wife to Charles Duke of Burgundy. 4. That the 2 issue begotten by this marriage should succeed in all the Queen's dominions, as also in the dukedom and county of Burgundy, and all those provinces in the Netherlands of which the Emperor was possessed. 5. That if none but daughters should proceed from this marriage, the eldest should succeed in all the said provinces of the Netherlands; provided that by the counsel and consent of Charles (the son of Philip, by Mary of Portugal his first wife) she should make choice of a husband 1 It is, however, certain, especially from the dispatches of Noailles, that "Gardiner was an obstinate opponent of the match in the cabinet, and then only sought to make it palatable and useful to the nation, when he found that it was not in his power to prevent it."-Lingard, vii. 147, cf. 132. 2 Godwin, 167. 1553-4. out of England or the Netherlands; or otherwise to be de- AN. REG. 1, prived of her right in the succession in the said estates, and Charles to be invested in them; and in that case convenient portions to be made for her and the rest of the daughters. 6. And finally, That if the said Charles should depart this life without lawful issue, that then the heir surviving of this marriage, though female only, should succeed in all the kingdoms of Spain, together with all the dominions and estates of Italy thereunto belonging1." Conditions fair and large enough, and more to the advantage of the realm of England than the crown of Spain. rity of the 24. But so it was not understood by the generality of the Unpopula people of England, many of which, out of a restless disposition, match. or otherwise desirous to restore the reformed religion, had caused it to be noised abroad that the Spaniards were by this accord to become the absolute Lords of all the kingdom; that they were to have the managing of all affairs; and that, abolishing all the ancient laws of the realm, they would impose upon the land a most intolerable yoke of servitude, as a conquered nation. Which either being certainly known or probably suspected by the Queen and the Council, it was thought fit that the Lord Chancellor should make a true and perfect declaration of all points of the agreement, not only in the Presence Chamber to such lords and gentlemen as were at that time about the court and the city of London, but also to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, and certain of the chief commoners of that City, purposely sent for to the court upon that occasion: which services he performed on the 14th and and 15th days of January. And having summarily reported all the articles of the Capitulation, he shewed unto them how much they were bound to thank God "That such a noble, worthy, and famous Prince would vouchsafe so to humble himself, as in this marriage to take upon him rather as a subject than otherwise considering that the Queen and her Council were to rule and govern all things as they did before; and that none of the Spaniards or other strangers were to be of the Council, nor to have the custody of any castles, forts, &c., nor to have any office in the Queen's house, or elsewhere through2 Gardiner. 1 Godwin, 167-8. AN. REG.1, out the kingdom. In which respect it was the Queen's request 1553-4. Insurrec tions in opposition to it. to the Lords and gentlemen, that for her sake they would most 25. Which declaration notwithstanding, the subjects were |