1564-5.

him the more estimable both with his own Queen and the AN. REG.7, English Papists. Being returned into his country, he found the Queen so gracious to him, and such a handsome correspondence with the chief nobility, that he sends for his two sons to come thither to him, but leaves his wife behind in the Court of England, lest otherwise Queen Elizabeth might take some umbrage or displeasure at it, if they should all remove at

once.

3. It was about the middle of February that the Lord Darnly came to the Court of Scotland; who, being not full twenty years old, of lovely person, sweet behaviour, and a most ingenuous disposition, exceedingly prevailed in short time on the Queen's affections. She had now met with such a man as might please her fancy, and more secure her title to the Crown of England than any of the great Kings in Europe. What then should hinder her from making up a marriage so agreeable to her, so acceptable to the Catholic party in both kingdoms, and which she thought withal of so safe a condition as could create no new jealousies in the breast of Elizabeth? But those of the Leicestrian faction conceived otherwise of it, and had drawn most of the Court and Council to conceive so too. For what could more secure the interess of the Queen of Scots, than to corroborate her own title with that of Darnly? from which two, what children soever should proceed, they would draw to them many hearts in the realm of England, who now stood fair and faithful to their natural Queen. In this great fear (but made much greater of set purpose to create some trouble) it was advised that the Queen should earnestly be intreated to think of marriage, to the end that the succession might be settled in her own posterity; that all Popish justices1 (whereof there were many at that time) might be put out of commission, and

over the mind of Queen Mary of England-a fact not mentioned elsewhere. Hist. Scotl. vi. 306. For Elizabeth's equivocal behaviour in the matter of Knox's return to Scotland, see that volume, pp. 292, seqq.

1 Camden, p. 96, says, that it was suggested that the judges,"judices regni, qui plerique omnes erant pontificii,"-should be required to take the Oath of Supremacy. After the suppression of

the northern rebellion, a. D. 1569, all justices were required to subscribe a profession of conformity to the national Church. Strype, Ann. i. 605, seqq.

[HEYLYN, II.]

EE

AN.REG.7, none admitted to that office but such as were sincerely affected 1565. to the reformed religion; that the old deprived Bishops, which

She marries the Lord Darnley.

for the most part lived at liberty, might be brought to a more close restraint, for fear of hardening some in their errors, and corrupting others with whom they had the freedom of conversation; that a greater power might be conferred upon the English Bishops, in the free exercise of their jurisdiction, for suppressing all such Popish books as were sent into England, depriving the English fugitives of all those benefices in this kingdom which hitherto they had retained: and all this to be done without incurring the danger of a pramunire, with which they were so often threatened by the common lawyers. It was advised also, that, for a counterpoise unto the title of the Queen of Scots, some countenance should be given to the house of Suffolk, by shewing favour to the Earl of Hartford and the Lady Katherine; and that, to keep the balance even with the Romish Catholics, some moderation should be used to such Protestant ministers-(you may be sure the Earl of Leicester had a hand in this)—as hitherto had been opposite in external matters to the rites and ceremonies of the Church here by law established1.

4. Nor was this marriage very pleasing to the Scots themselves. The chief lords of the Romish party, who faithfully had adhered to their natural Queen in all her former troubles, conceived that some of them might be as capable of the Queen's affections as a young gentleman born in England, and one that never had done any service which might ennoble and prefer him before all the rest. The ministers exclaimed against it in their common preaching, as if it were designed of purpose to destroy religion, and bring them under their old vassalage to the Church of Rome. The noblemen and others of the Congregation, who had sold themselves to Queen Elizabeth, were governed wholly by her counsels, and put themselves into a posture of arms to disturb the match. The Edinburgers do the like, but are quickly scattered and forced to submit themselves to their Queen's good pleasure, who was so bent upon her marriage with this young nobleman that neither threatenings nor persuasions could divert her from it. And that he might appear in some capacity fit for the marriage of a Queen, 17 Spottiswoode, 190.

1 Camd. 96.

2

34

1565.

she first confers upon him the order of knighthood, and after- AN. REG. 7, wards creates him Baron of Ardamanack', Earl of Rosse, and Duke of Rothsay, which are the ordinary titles of the eldest and second sons of Scotland. In May she had convented the Estates of Scotland, to whom she communicated her intention, with the reasons of it; which by the greatest part of the assembly seemed to be allowed of, none but the Lord Ochiltrie opposing what the rest approved 2. About the middle of July the marriage rites were celebrated in the Royal Chapel by the Dean of Restalrig, and the next day the new Duke was proclaimed King by sound of trumpet, and declared to be associated with the Queen in the public government3. The news whereof being brought unto Queen Elizabeth, she seemed more offended than indeed she was. For well she knew, that both the new King and the Earl his father were men of plain and open natures, not apt to entertain any dangerous counsels to the disturbance of her quiet; that as long as she retained the Countess with her,-(who was the mother of the one, and the wife of the other)—they seemed to stand bound to their good behaviour, and durst act nothing to the prejudice of so dear a pledge; that by the precipitation of this marriage, the Queen of Scots had neither fortified herself in the love of her people, nor in alliances abroad; and that it could not otherwise be, but some new troubles must break out in Scotland upon this occasion, by which it would be made uncomfortable and inglorious to her. And so it proved in the event; for never was marriage more calamitous to the parties themselves, or more dishonourable to that nation, or finally more scandalous to both religions; in nothing fortunate but in the birth of James the Sixth, born in the palace of Edenborough on the 19th of July, anno 1566, solemnly crowned King of the Scots on the same day of the month, anno 1567, and joyfully received to the Crown of England, on the 14th of March, anno 1602o.

1 Ardmanoch. Spottiswoode, 189.

* "Plainly professing that he would never consent to acknowledge a king of the popish religion." Ibid. Knox married the daughter of this lord as his second wife, A. D. 1564. McCrie, ii. 109, ed. 2. 3 Spottisw. 191.

Edd. "but."

5

Camden, 97.

• These dates are all erroneous. James was born on the 19th of June, was crowned at Stirling on the 29th of July, and succeeded to the English crown by the death of Elizabeth on the 24th of March, 1602-3.

AN. REG.7, 5. In greater glory and felicity reigned the Queen of 1565. England, whose praise, resounding in all kingdoms of the The Margra- North and West, invited Cæcille, sister to the King of Sweden,

vine of

Baden visits

England.

and wife of Christopher, Marquess of Baden, to undertake a tedious journey both by land and sea from the furthest places of the North, to see the splendour of her Court, and observe the prudence of her government. Landing at Dover in the beginning of September, they were there received by the Lord Cobham, with a goodly train of knights and gentlemen; at Canterbury by the Lady Cobham, with the like honourable train of ladies and gentlewomen; at Gravesend by the Lord Hunsdon, with the band of Pensioners; at London, on the 11th of September, by the Earl of Sussex and his Countess, who waited on them to the lodging appointed for them. Scarce had she rested there four days, when she fell into a new travel', of which she was happily delivered by the birth of a son; whom the Queen christened in her own person, by the name of Edwardus Fortunatus, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Duke of Norfolk being sureties with her at the font. She called him Edward, with relation to the king her brother, whose memory she dearly loved; and Fortunatus, in regard that he came so luckily into the world, when his mother, after a most painful pilgrimage, was safely come to pay her devotions at that shrine which she so much honoured. Having remained here till the April following, they were dismissed with many rich presents, and an annual pension from the Queen; conducted honourably by the Lord Aburgavenny to the port of Dover, and there shipped for Calais-filling all places in the way betwixt that and Baden with the report of the magnificence of their entertainment in the Court of England. And that the glories of their entertainment might appear the greater, it happened that Rambouillet, a French Embassador, came hither at that time upon two solemnities;—that is to say, to be installed Knight of the Garter in the place and person of that King, and to present the Order of St Michael (the principal Order of that kingdom) to Thomas Duke of Norfolk, and the Earl of Leicester3. The

1 Sic edd.

2 Stow, 659. Camden, 100.

3 Stow, 659. Camden states that Charles IX. requested the Queen to name two noblemen for admission: that she made choice of the Duke

1565.

one performed with the accustomed pomps and ceremonies in AN. REG. 7, the Chapel of St George at Windsor, the other with like state 2 and splendour in the Royal Chapel at Whitehall. Such a well1 tempered piety did at that time appear in the devotions of the Church of England, that generally the English papists and the Embassadors of foreign princes still resorted to them.

name of Pu

6. But true it is, that at that time some zealots of the Church of Rome had begun to slacken their attendance, not out of any new dislike which they took at the service, but in regard of a decree set forth in the Council of Trent, prohibiting all resort to the churches of heretics. Which notwithstanding, the far greater part continued in their first obedience, till the coming over of that roaring bull from Pope Pius the Fifth1, by which the Queen was excommunicated, the subjects discharged from their obedience to the laws, and the going or not going to the church made a sign distinctive to difference a Roman Catholic from an English Protestant. And it is possible enough Rise of the that they might have stood much longer to their first con- ritans. formity, if the discords brought into the Church by the Zuinglian faction, together with their many innovations both in doctrine and discipline, had not afforded them some further ground for the desertion. For in this year it was that the Zuinglian or Calvinian faction began to be first known by the name of Puritans, if Genebrard, Gualter, and Spondanus (being all of them right good chronologers) be not mistaken in the time. Which name hath ever since been appropriate to them, because of their pretending to a greater purity in the service of God than was held forth unto them (as they gave it out) in the Common Prayer Book; and to a greater opposition to the rites and usages of the Church of Rome than was agreeable to the constitution of the Church of England. But this purity was

of Norfolk and the Earl of Leicester,-"hunc ut charissimum, illum ut longe nobilissimum." 102. But according to a letter of Cecil, printed by Ellis, 2nd Ser. ii. 292, the French king named Leicester, and desired Elizabeth to name the other who should receive the Order.

1 A. D. 1570. Camd. 179. Wilkins, iv. 260.

2 Genebr. Chronographia, Lugd. 1609, p. 749, quoting Sanders De Monarchia Ecclesiastica, v, 4; Spondan. Annal. v. 677, ed. Paris, 1659. I have not observed any notice of the subject in Gualter's Chronology.