N our Magazine for June 1782 (Vol. I.

fervice, on their own element, thofe by

an account of this Nobleman, who had juft at that juncture atchieved the most fignal fervices for his country, and a portrait which then afforded to his countrymen a ftriking likeness of their gallant defender. In the lapfe of more than fixteen years, events have occurred which have added to his honours, and made him more illuftrious time however has filently taken from him fome of his former resemblance; it has given him a more venerable appearance, though it cannot increase the respect in which he has been held. We once more therefore gratify ourselves in pointing out to the Nation one of its molt diftinguished heroes.

In September 1783 Lord Hood was created a Peer of Ireland, by the title of Baron of Catherington; and peace, chiefly owing to the victories in which he had borne fo diftinguished a part, fucceeded. This enabled most of the heroes of the fea to enjoy their well earned honours, Lord Hood, however, was not fuffered to remain in a ftate of inactivity. The Parliament which met in 1784 required the aid of every friend of the country, and Lord Hood was prevailed on to engage in the difagreeable conteft of a popular election by offering himself a candidate for the City of Weftminster, in which he at length fucceeded. In July 1788 he was appointed one of the Lord's of the Admiralty, and in 1790 was again returned for the fame city.

At length the aggreffions of our inveterate enemies once more called into

had been heretofore fecured; and in the year 1793 Lord Hood had the command of the Mediterranean fleet. The horrors of the French Revolution at that time began to develope themselves, and a very deep impreffion was made on the minds of the most confiderate and beft informed people of Toulon and Marseilles, whose eyes were at length opened to the hazard of their fituation. Convinced, though late, of the villainy of those who had feized the reins, and ufurped the powers of Government, and forefeeing the dangers with which they would be furrounded, unless fome effectual measure was adopted, they were able to form no expectation of fecurity for their lives, liberty, or property, but by throwing themielves into the arms of their adverfaries, and relying on their justice and generofity. On this ground a negotiation was opened between the principal authorities of each place and Lord Hood, in behalf of the British Government, which at length terminated in an agree ment to deliver up both places to his Lordship, in truft for their lawful Sovereign Louis the Seventeenth. The preliminaries being fettled, Lord Hood took poffeffion of Toulon on the 28th of August; but the furrender of Marieilles was prevented by General Carteau, who obtained information of the defign. This important business was traniacted with great addrefs, and the delivery of Toulon for fome time promited to be attended with advantages. The enemy were apprifed of its importance, and trained

every

every nerve to regain it. They poured down troops in great numbers; and, after many engagements, in which they often were worsted, they fo far made an impreffion, that it was judged prudent to relinquish the place, after deftroying as many of the fhips, and as much of the ammunition as poffible. This was effected in the month of December, after having been in our poffeffion about four months. The detail of thefe tranfactions will be found in our Magazines for the years 1793 and 1794.

This was the laft fervice Lord Hood was enabled to render to his country in the immediate line of his profeffion. In March 1796 he fucceeded Sir Hugh

Gentlemen of the Senate, and Gentlemen

HILE re

Difpenfations of DIVINE PROVIDENCE, in the alarming and deftructive Peftilence with which feveral of our cities and towns have been vifited, there is caufe for gratitude and mutual congra tulations that the malady has difappeared, and that we are again permitted to affemble in fafety at the feat of Government, for the discharge of our important duties. But when we reflect that this fatal diforder has, within a few years, made repeated ravages in fome of our principal fea-port towns, and with increafed malignancy, and when we confider the magnitude of the evils arifing from the interruption of public and private bufinefs, whereby the national interefts are deeply affected, I think it my duty to invite the Le giflature of the Union to examine the expediency of eftablishing fuitable regulations in aid of the health laws of the refpective States; for thefe being formed on the idea that contagious fick neís may be communicated through the channels of commerce, there feems to be a neceffity that Congrefs, who alone can regulate trade, thould frame a fyftem which, while it may tend to preferve the general health, may be compatible with The interests of commerce, and the fafety

the revenue.

fufferers, reason to

annual oblations of gratitude for a liberal particiption in the ordinary bleffings of his Providence. To the ufual fubjects of gratitude, I cannot omit to add one of the first importance to our well being and fafety: I mean that spirit which has arifen in our Country against the menaces and aggreffion of a Foreign Nation. A manly fenfe of national ho nour, dignity, and independence has appeared, which, if encouraged and invigorated by every branch of the government, will enable us to view, undifmayed, the enterprizes of any Foreign Power, and become the fure foundation of national profperity and glory..

The courfe of the tranfactions in re

lation to the United States and France, which have come to my knowledge during your recefs, will be made the fubject of a future communication. That communication will confirm the have been taken by the Government of ultimate failure of the measures which the United States towards an amicable adjustment of differences with that Power. You will at the fame time perceive that the French Government appears folicitous to imprefs the opinion that it is averfe to a rupture with lified manner, declared itself willing to this country, and that it has, in a qua

receive

receive a Minifter from, the United States for the purpose of restoring a good understanding. It is unfortunate for profeffions of this kind, that they fhould be expreffed in terms which may countenance the inadmiffible pretenfion of a right to prescribe the qualifications which a Minifter from the United States hould poffefs, and that while France is afferting the existence of a difpofition on her part to conciliate with fincerity the differences which have arifen, the fincerity of a like difpofition on the part of the United States, of which fo many demonftrative proofs have been given, hould even be indirectly questioned. It is alfo worthy of obfervation, that the decree of the Directory alledged to be intended to restrain the depredations of French cruizers on our commerce, has not given and cannot give any rehief; it enjoins them to conform to all the laws of France relative to carrying and prizes, while thefe laws are them felves the fources of the depredations of which we have fo long, so justly, and fo fruitlessly complained."

The Law of France enacted in January laft, which fubjects to capture and condemnation neutal veffels and their cargoes, if any portion of the lat ter are of British fabric or produce, although the entire property belong to neutrals, inftead of being refcinded, has lately received a confirmation, by the failure of a propofition for its repeal, While this law, which is an unequivocal act of war on the commerce of the nations it attacks, continues in force, thofe nations can fee in the French Government only a power regardlefs of their effential rights, of their independence and fovereignty; and if they poffefs the mean, they can reconcile nothing with their intereft and honour but a firm refiftance,

Hitherto, therefore, nothing is difcoverable in the conduct of France which ought to change or relax our measures of defence; on the contrary to extend and invigorate them is our true policy. We have no reafon to regret that these measures have been thus far adopted and purfued, and in proportion as we enlarge our view of the portentous and incalculable fituation of Europe, we shall difcover new and cogent motives for the full developement of our energies and refources.

But in demonftrating by our conduct that we do not fear war, in the ne

ceffary protection of our rights and honour, we shall give no room to infer that we abandon the defire of peace. An efficient preparation for war can alone enfure peace. It is peace that we have uniformly and perfeveringly cultivated, and harmony between us and France may be restored at her op❤ tion. But to fend another Minifter without more determinate affurances that he would be received, would be an act of humiliation to which the United States ought not to fubmit; it must therefore be left with France, if the is indeed defirous of accommodation, to take the requifite fteps. The United States will feadily obferve the maxims by which they have hitherto been governed. They will refpect the facred rights of embaffy, and with a fincere difpofition on the part of France to defift from hoftility, to make reparation for the injuries heretofore committed on our commerce, and to do juftice in future, there will be no obstacle to the restora tion of a friendly intercourfe. making to you this declaration, we give a pledge to France and the World that the executive authority of this country will attend to the humane and pacific policy which has invariably governed its proceedings in conformity with the withes of the different branches of the government and of the people of the United States. But confidering the late manifeftations of her policy towards foreign nations, I deem it a duty deliberately and folemnly to declare my opi nion, that whether we negoc ate with her or not, vigorous preparations for war will be alike indifpenfable. These alone will give to us an equal treaty, and infure its obfervance.

In

Among the measures of preparation which appear expedient, I take the liberty to recall your attention to the Na val Etablishment. The beneficial effects of the fmall naval armament provided under the Acts of the laft Seffion are known and acknowledged. Per. haps no country ever experienced more fudden and remarkable advantages from any measure of policy, than we have derived from the arming for our mari, time protection and defence. We ought, without los of time, to lay the foundation for an increafe of our Navy, to a fize fufficient to guard our coaft and protect our trade. Such a naval force, as it is doubtless in the power of the United States to create and maintain,

would

To accomplish this important object, a prudent forefight requires that fyltematical measures be adopted for procuring, at all times, the requifite timber and other fupplies. In what manner this fhall be done, I leave to your confideration.

I will now advert, Gentlemen, to fome matters of lefs moment, but proper to be communicated to the National Legislature.

After the Spanish garrisons had evacuated the pofts they occupied at the Natchez and Walnut Hills, the Commiffioner of the United States commenced his obfervations to afcertain the point near the Miffiffippi, which terminated the northernmost point of the thirty-first degree of north latitude. From thence he proceeded to run the boundary line between the United States and Spain. He was afterwards joined by the Spanish Commiffioner, where the work of the former was confined; and they proceeded together to the demarcation of the line. Recent informa tion renders it probable that the Southern Indians, either inftigated to oppofe the demarkation, or jealous of the confequences of fuffering White People to run a line over lands to which the Indian title had not been extinguished, have, 'ere this time, ftopped the progrefs of the Commiflioners. And, confidering the mischiefs which may refult from continuing the demarcation, in oppofition to the will of the Indian Tribes, the great expence attending it, and that the boundaries which the Committioners have actually established, probably exrend at least as far as the Indian title has been extinguished, it will perhaps become expedient and neceffary to fufpend further proceedings, by recalling qur Commiffioner.

The Commiffioners appointed in purance of the Fifth Article of the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation between the United States and his Britannic Majetty, to ders mine what river was truly intended under the name of the river St. Croix, mentioned in the Treaty of Peace, and forming a part of the boundary therein defcribed, have Srally decided that question. On the

25th of October, they made their de claration, that a river called Schoodiac, which falls into Paffamaquoddy Bay, at its north-western quarter, was the true St. Croix, intended in the Treaty of Peace, as far as its great fork, where one of its ftreams comes from the weft

ward, and the other from the northward; and that the latter ftream is the continuation of the St. Croix to its fource. This decifion, it is understood, will preclude ali contention among indi vidual claimants, as it feems that the Schoodiac, and its northern branch, bounds the grants of lands which have been made by the refpective adjoining Governments. A fubordinate question, however, it has been fuggefted, fill remains to be determined. Between the mouth of the St. Croix, as now fettled, and what is ufually called the Bay of Fundy, lie a number of valuable iflands. The Commiffioners have not continued the boundary lines through any channel of these islands; and unlefs the Bay of Paffamaquoddy be a part of the Bay of Fundy, this further adjustment of boundary will be neceffary. But it is apprehended that this will not be a matter of any difficulty.

Such progrefs has been made in the examination and decifion of cafes of captures and condemnations of American veffels, which were the subject of the feventh Article of the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, between the United States and Great Britain-that it is fuppofed the Combufinefs to a conclufion in Auguft of the mithioners will be able to bring their enfuing year.

The Commiffioners acting under the twenty-fifth Article of the Treaty between the United States and Spain, have adjusted most of the claims of our Citizens, for loffes fuftained in confequence of their veffels and cargoes having been taken by the fubjects of his Catholic Majefty, during the late War between France and Spain.

Various circumftances have concurred to delay the execution of the law for augmenting the Military Etablishment. Among thefe is the defire of obtaining the fulleft information to direct the best felection of Officers. As this object will now be fpeedily accomplished, it is expected that the raifing and orga nizing of the troops will proceed with out obftacle and with effect.

Gentlemen of the House of Reprefentatives,

I have directed an estimate of the appropriations which will be neceffary for the fervice of the enfuing year, to be laid before you, accompanied with a view of the public receipts and expenditures to a recent period. It will afford you fatisfaction to infer the great extent and folidity of the public refources, from the profperous ftate of the finances, notwithstanding the unexampled embarraffments which have attended com.

merce.

When you reflect on the confpicuous examples of patriotifm and liberality which have been exhibited by our mercantile fellow-citizens, and how great a proportion of the public refources depends on their enterprize, you will naturally confider whether their convenience cannot be promoted and reconciled with the fecurity of the revenue, by a revifion of the system by which the collection is at prefent regulated.

During your recefs, measures have been steadily pursued for effecting the valuations and returns directed by the A&t of the laft Seffion, preliminary to the affeffment and collection of a direct tax. No other delays or obstacles have

been experienced, except fuch as were expected to arise from the great extent of our country, and the magnitude and novelty of the operation, and enough has been accomplished to affure the fulfilment of the views of the Legislature.

Gentlemen of the Senate, and Gentlemen of the House of Reprefentatives,

I cannot clofe this Address, without once more adverting to our political fituation, and inculcating the effential importance of uniting in the maintenance of our dearest interefts; and I truft, that by the temper and wisdom of your proceedings, and by a harmony of meatures, we thall fecure to our country that weight and refpect to which it is fo juftly entitled.

JOHN ADAMS. The Prefident then prefented a Copy to the Prefident of the Senate, and another to the Speaker of the House of Reprefentatives.

In the Senate.-Meffrs. Read, Rofs, and Stockton, were appointed to draw up an Answer to the Addrefs.

In the House of Reprefentatives.--The Speech was referred to a Com mittee of the whole House.

I

MR. AUBREY,

SHALL not give myself any other trouble concerning Mr. Hobbes bufinefs. What I told you in my laft, that was put into my book concerning him, is all true; and for me to write a letter of complaint to him will be a meanes to make me a party in the controverfie, which I am very unwilling to be: I have fuffered much trouble and affliction for thefe four years in relation to my worke, by a company of partiall and corrupt people, who, to please their hu mours, have not only made me their drudge, but have deprived me of the authority of my labours. I hope in time they will be made to know it, and to have their prefumption and folly made manifeft to all men. I have no more to