that branch of philosophy; born at Colchester, where his father was recorder, 1540, died 1603. GILBERT DE SEMPRINGHAM, an English priest, founder of a religious order, died 1180. GILCHRIST, E., a Scotch medical author 1707-1774.

GILCHRIST, J. B., a Sc. Oriental., 1759-1841. GILCHRIST, OCT., a dram. critic, 1779-1823. GILDAS, SAINT, a British ecclesiastic, 6th ct. GILDAS, SAINT, a celebrated English historian and theologian, of royal extraction, died 512. GILDAS, THE WISE, a British monk, the most ancient author of this country, 511-570.

yer and royalist, speaker of the House of Commons in the reign of Charles I., died 1661. His grandson, of the same name, a lawyer and poet, trans. of Fontenelle's Plurality of Worlds,' d. 1735. GLANVIL, GLANVILL, or GLANVILLE, RANULPH DE, an English judge and crusader, accomp. Richard I., and fell at siege of Acre, 1190. GLANVILL, JOSEPH, an English divine, author of many philosophical and learned writings, amongst the more famous of which are his " Vanity of Dogmatizing,' 'Some Philosophical Considerations Touching the Being of Witches and Witchcraft,' 'An Inquiry into the Opinion of the GILDON, CH., an Engl. dramatist, 1665-1723. Eastern Sages Concerning the Pre-existence of GILL, ALEX., an English theologian, master of Souls,' 'Scepsis Scientifica, or Confessed IgnoSt. Paul's school, and teacher of Milton, 1564-rance the Way to Science,' and 'Plus Ultra, or the 1635. His son and successor, of the same name, Progress and Advancement of Science since the distinguished also as a Latin poet, 1597-1642. Days of Aristotle.' He was one of the new school GILL, JOIN, a baptist divine, 1697-1771. of philosophical divines of which Cudworth may GILLESPIE, GEO., a Scotch divine, died 1648. be regarded as the most illustrious example; born GILLIES, JOHN, an eminent Greek scholar at Plymouth 1636, d. in his rectory at Bath 1680. and historian of Scotland, author of a 'History of Ancient Greece,' &c., 1747-1836.

GILPIN, BERNARD, a celebrated English reformer, called, on account of his pious and unwearied exertions in Durham, the Apostle of the North and the Father of the Poor; he was born in 1517, escaped the stake by the opportune death of Queen Mary, and died 1583. His life has been written by Bishop Carleton, and by his descendant WILLIAM GILPIN. The latter, who is the well known writer on forest scenery, on the picturesque, &c., was a minister of the Church of England, and brother of Sawrey Gilpin the painter, 1724-1804. GILPIN, RICHARD, a nonconf. divine, d. 1657. GILPIN, SAWREY, an Engl. paint., 1733-1807. GILRAY, JAS., an Engl. caricaturist, d. 1815. GIORDANI, GUISEPPE, sometimes called GIORDANELLO, whose songs at one time enjoyed the highest popularity in Britain, was born in Italy about the year 1750. He came to England very young, and soon had all his time filled up in giving lessons in music. In 1779 he entered into partnership with Leoni the singer, and they jointly became lessees of a theatre in Dublin, Giordani as composer, and his partner as singer. This speculation proved a complete failure, and in four years they were bankrupt. Giordani after this continued to reside in Dublin, where he had several pupils of distinction, and where he married the daughter of Tate Wilkinson. He composed two operas, 'Antigone' and 'Artaserse,' for the Italian Opera in England, and one for the English stage. He died in Dublin in 1789.

[J.M.] GIRDLESTONE, TH., a physician and medical writer, author of Essays on the Hepatitics and Spasmodic Affections in India,' &c., 1758-1822.

GIRTIN, TH., an English painter, 1773-1802. GISBORNE, REV. THOMAS, a divine of the Church of England, eminent as a moralist and miscellaneous writer, author of 'Principles of Moral Philosophy Investigated,' 'An Inquiry into the Duties of the Female Sex,' &c., 1758-1846.

GLANVIL, B., a philosophical writer, 14th ct.
GLANVIL, SIR JOHN, à learned English law-

GLASS, JOHN, a Scottish divine, founder of the Glassites, since called Sandemanians, 16981773. His son, of the same name, a marine surgeon, au. of a 'Description of Teneriffe,' 1725-1765.

GLASSE, G. H., an English scholar, died 1809. GLENDOWER, or GLENDWR, OWEN, a Welch chief, descended from Llewellyn, the last prince of Wales, and distinguished for the long contest which he maintained with Henry IV., born 1349, crowned by his adherents 1402, died 1415.

GLENIE, J., an Irish mathema., 1750-1817. GLISSON, FRANCIS, a learned English physician, a native of Dorsetshire, was born 1597, and died in 1677. He was for forty years professor of medicine in the university of Cambridge, and became a member of the College of Physicians of London in 1634. On the breaking out of the civil war he retired to Colchester, but subsequently settled in London, and was one of the original members of the Royal Society. He enjoyed a considerable reputation in his lifetime, and wrote several treatises on anatomical and medical subjects, which are respectfully spoken of by Haller, but which are now neglected. [J.M.C.]

GLOUCESTER, ROBERT OF, an old English rhyme chronicler, about the time of King John.

GLOUCESTER, WILLIAM FREDERIC, duke of, son of Prince William Henry, third son of Frederic prince of Wales, and brother of George III., born at Rome 1776, married to his first cousin, the Princess Mary, fourth daughter of George III., 1816, died 1834.

GLOVER, MRS., an English actress, 1780-1850. GLOVER, RICHARD, a distinguished Greek scholar and poet, popularly known as the author of 'Leonidas, Hosier's Ghost,' &c., 1712-1785. GLOVER, THOS., a wr. on heraldry, 1543-88. GLYNN, ROBERT, an English poet, died 1800. GOAD, JOHN, a classical author, 1615-1689. GOADBY, R., a miscellaneous writer, d. 1778. GODDARD, JON., an Eng. chemist, 1617-1674. GODDARD, REV.W.S., formerly master of Winchester school, of which he became a benefactor, and late prebend. of St. Paul's and Salisb., 1757-1845.

GODFREY, SIR EDMUNDURY, an English magistrate who exerted himself in the discovery of the Popish Plot, and is supposed to have been murdered, being found dead 17th October, 1768. GODIVA, an English lady, wife of Leofric, earl of Leicester, in the reign of Edward the Confessor, celeb. in the legends of Coventry for riding naked through the streets to deliver the citizens from a tax. GODOLPHIN, J., an English civilian, 17th ct. GODOLPHIN, SIDNEY, earl of, lord high treasurer of England under Queen Anne, d. 1712. GODOLPHIN, SYDNEY, an Eng. poet, 1610-43. GODWIN, earl of Kent, a powerful English baron in the Saxon period, celebrated for his turbulence and political intrigues, died 1053.

1816, are much inferior; and Cloudesley,' which appeared in 1830, showed that the vein of selfscrutiny on which his strength depended, had been quite worked out. But, in 1803, he had entered a new path in his 'Life of Chaucer,' which, though wanting in unity and consecutive interest, is very instructive. For some time after this he attempted business as a bookseller, and wrote a good many school-books under the name of Baldwin. In 1815, he published his 'Lives of John and Edward Phillips,' the nephews of Milton; in 1820, he attacked Malthus in his Treatise on Population;' in 1828, he published the last of the four volumes of his heavy but valuable History of the Commonwealth;' in 1830, appeared his essays called suc-Thoughts on Man;' and in 1834, his 'Lives of the Necromancers.' The poverty of his old age was alleviated by an appointment from the ministry of Earl Grey. He died in 1836. [W.S.] GODWIN, MRS. See WOLSTONECRAFT. GOLDING, ARTHUR, an English poet and classical translator, 16th century.

tor. He threw away in a gaming-house the money which his uncle had given him to aid in his study of law; but the same kind relative enabled him to become a student of medicine in Edinburgh, where he spent two years from the close of 1752, afterwards passing a year at Leyden. He next took a

GODWIN, THOMAS, an English prelate, cessively dean of Christ Church, dean of Canterbury, and bishop of Bath and Wells in the reign of Elizabeth, 1517-1590. His son, FRANCIS, successively bishop of Llandaff and Hereford, and au. of historical and antiquarian works, 1561-1633. MORGAN, son of the latter, also a churchman, deprived as a royalist during the civil war, d. 1645. GOLDSMITH, LEWIS, an English Jew, author GODWIN, TH., an English divine, 1587-1643. of the 'Crimes of Cabinets,' and afterwards a hireGODWIN, WILLIAM, was born in 1756, at ling writer against Buonaparte, born 1763. Wisbeach in Cambridgeshire. His father was a GOLDSMITH, OLIVER, the son of an Irish dissenting minister; and he himself, after having curate, was born in the county of Longford in completed his education in the college at Hoxton, 1728. Lissoy, in his native parish of Formey, is embraced the same profession, and preached for said to have been the original of his 'Sweet Ausome years to a congregation near London. About burn.' The assistance of an uncle enabled him in 1782 he abandoned the pulpit, his opinions having 1744 to enter at Trinity College, Dublin, where he undergone serious changes; and thenceforth he was idle and extravagant, and probably ill-used. strove to make a livelihood by authorship. In He is said to have applied unsuccessfully for ordi1793 he became famous, or notorious, by the pub-nation, and to have been for some time a family tulication of his 'Inquiry concerning Political Justice.' This celebrated work, founded on the dream of human perfectibility, is remarkable for that combination of vigour with want of comprehensiveness and real profundity, which marked all its author's writings. His crusade against the existing system of things in all its parts was next prosecuted in a more popular shape, and with singular force of passionate and descriptive eloquence, in his novel of Caleb Williams.' Strongly democratic in political opinions, but gentle as well as brave, he always protested against the bringing about of social changes by force; but, though he kept sedulously aloof from the plots which, in 1794, exposed Horne Tooke and others of his friends to prosecution for treason, he did them good service by his pen. In 1797, he published essays, moral and literary, under the title of The Inquirer.' The same year he married Mary Wolstonecraft, in deference to the opinion of the world, after having lived with her for some time in obedience to the opinion which he himself held in regard to marriage, and which she had advocated in her 'Vindication of the Rights of Women.' His wife died in giving birth to a daughter, who became Mrs. Shelley. By a subsequent marriage he had a son, a young man of great promise, who died of cholera in 1833. In 1799, Godwin published the picturesque novel of 'Saint Leon,' his last work of this kind that was worthy of his genius. Fleetwood,' published in 1804, and Mandeville,' in

Goldsmith's House at Lissoy.

pedestrian tour of twelve months on the continent, travelling as far as the north of Italy; and before or after this he was an usher in a school. Both of these experiences he has described in his famous novel.-In 1756 he came to London. He

GORDON, ALEX., a Scotch antiquarian, d. 1750. GORDON, AND., a Scottish exper. philosopher, known for his discoveries in electricity, 1712-1751. GORDON, LORD GEORGE, son of Cosmo George, duke of Gordon, distinguished as a political character towards the close of the last century, and noted for his arrest on a charge of high treason, in consequence of the riots provoked by his assemblies of the people to oppose the catholic relief bill, born 1750, died in prison, 1793.

GORDON, JAMES, a Scotch Jesuit and theologian, distinguished for his zeal in making converts, 1543-1620. Another of the same name, au. of biblical commentaries and hist. works, 1553-1641. GORDON, R., a Scotch geographer, died 1650. GORDON, TH., a Scotch pamphleteer, d. 1750. GORDON, W., an independent minister settled in America, and a promoter of its independence, of which he became the historian, 1729-1807.

attempted medical practice in a humble way, with small knowledge and no success; and, on submitting to examination at the College of Surgeons, to qualify him for an appointment abroad, he was rejected as insufficiently informed. He had already been writing for the booksellers; and authorship now became perforce his only means of livelihood. He drudged for the Monthly and Critical Reviews, and for other periodicals; and compiled his well-written 'Histories of Greece and Rome,' and his 'History of the Earth and Animated Nature.'-It was in the intervals of such toils that he produced those original works, which made him both in prose and verse, one of the classics of English literature. In 1761 he wrote, while in confinement for debt, his inimitable 'Vicar of Wakefield;' and soon afterwards appeared The Citizen of the World.' 'The Traveller,' which had been partly written abroad, and the beautiful ballad of "The Hermit,' were GORDON, W., an English physician and philpublished in 1765. The former of these poems anthropist, distinguished as an advocate of free gave him great and deserved fame as a descriptive trade, and other popular movements, 1801-1849. poet, which was increased in 1769 by the publica- GORE, SIR J., a naval officer, died 1836. tion of The Deserted Village.' He became yet GORE, THI., a writer on heraldry, 1631-1684. more popular as a play-writer. His comedy of GOSSON, STEPHEN, a minister of the Church "The Good-Natured Man,' which was acted in of England, author of several dramas, 1554-1623. 1768, did not succeed greatly on the stage, but GOSTLING, W., an Eng. antiquarian, 1705-77. was highly esteemed by Johnson and other critics; GOUGE, WILLIAM, an Eng. puritan, and au. of and 'She Stoops to Conquer,' appearing in 1773, biblical commentaries, 1575-1653. His son, THOwas received with universal applause.-The au- MAS, also a clergyman and religious wr., 1605-81. thor survived this brilliant success but a short GOUGH, RICHARD, an eminent antiquarian, an time, and profited very little by the wealth which of 'The Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain,' was now accruing to him. Industrious through ne-Hist. of the Soc. of Antiquaries,' &c., 1735-1809. cessity, he was indolent by temperament: he was careless and improvident in money matters, equally ready to squander his painfully-earned gains at the gaming-table, or to spend them in charity. Gentle, amiable, and good-hearted, he was also irresolute, vain, and capricious; and, while Johnson and his other literary friends did not estimate highly enough his fine genius, his conduct gave them much excuse for treating him, as they did, like a favourite and petted child. He died 1774. [W.S.] GOMERSALL, R., an English dram., 1600-46. GOOCH, B., an English wr. on surgery, last ct. GOOD, JOHN MASON, an English physician and author, distinguished for his skill in the ancient, Oriental, and European languages, for his translations and original works, and his numerous contributions to magazine literature, 1764-1827.

GOODAL, W., a Scotch antiquary, 1706-1766. GOODMAN, CHRISTOPHER, a Scottish reformer and coadjutor of John Knox, abt. 1520-1602. GOODMAN, G., an English prelate and theol., noted as a convert to the Romish Church, 1583-1655. GOODRICH, THOMAS, bishop of Ely, distinguished as a statesman and zealous promoter of the reformation, died 1554.

·

GOODWIN, FR., an English architect, d. 1835. GOODWIN, JOHN, an English republican and preacher, au. of Redemption Redeemed,' 1633-65. GOODWIN, TH., a Calvinist divine, 1600-1679. GOOGE, B., an English poet and translator, 16th century.

GORAN, a king of Scotland, reigned 501-535.

GOULSTON, GOULSON, or GULSON, TH., an Eng. physic. and au. of learned works, d. 1632.

GOW, NEIL, was born in Strathband, Perthshire, of humble but honest parents, in the year 1727. His taste for music was early decided. At the age of nine he began to play, and was, it is said, self-taught, till about his thirteenth year, when he received some instruction from John Cameron, an attendant on Sir George Stewart of Grandtully. A trial of skill having been proposed, Neil was persuaded to enter the lists, and one of the ininstrels, who was blind, being made the umpire, the prize was adjudged to Neil Gow, by a sentence in the justice of which the other competitors cheerfully acquiesced. Having now attained the summit of his profession at home, the distinguished patronage, first of the Athole family, and afterwards of the duchess of Gordon, soon introduced him to the notice and admiration of the fashionable world. From this period, Gow was unrivalled in his department of Scotch national music. The different publications which have appeared under the name of Neil Gow, and which contain not only his sets of the older tunes, but various occasional airs of his own composition, are striking specimens of feeling and power of embellishment. These were set and prepared for publication by his son NATHANIEL, whose respectable character and propriety of conduct secured for him the esteem and favour of the public. In private life, Neil Gow was distinguished by a sound vigorous understanding, by a singularly acute penetra

venturer, killed in action under Sir Thomas Howard, 1591. SIR BEVIL, his grandson, a royalist, and commander of a troop of horse raised at his own expense, killed at the battle of Lansdowne, 1596-1643. GEORGE, Lord Lansdowne, grandson of the latter, a poet and courtier, 16671735. See CARTERET, GRENVILLE.

tion into the character of those, both in the higher | VILLE, SIR RICHARD, a military and naval adand lower spheres of society, with whom he had intercourse, and by the conciliating and appropriate accommodation of his remarks and replies, to the peculiarities of their station and temper. Though he had raised himself to independent and affluent circumstances in his old age, he continued free from every appearance of vanity and ostentation. He maintained to the last the same plain unassuming simplicity in his carriage, his dress, and his manners which he had observed in his early and more obscure years. He died in 1807.

GOWER, JOHN, an English poet, died 1402. GOWER, R. H., a cel. ship-builder, died 1833. GREME, JOHN, a Scotch poet, 1748-1772. GRAFTON, AUGUSTUS HENRY FITZROY, duke of, prime minister from 1765-1770, disting. also as a theolog. wr. on Socinian principles, 1736-1811. GRAFTON, R., an English annalist, 16th cent. GRAHAM, GEORGE, an ingenious watchmaker and mechanician, celebrated for the accuracy of his astronomical instruments, 1675-1751.

GRAHAM, JOHN, of Claverhouse, was born in 1650. In early life he served as a soldier of fortune in France and Holland, but returning to Scotland in 1677, he was appointed commander of the cavalry acting against the Covenanters, in that disturbed country: and the energetic manner in which he executed the duty has caused his name to be all but execrated by the Scottish people; yet Sir Walter Scott has pourtrayed him as a thorough soldier and gentleman. He was created Viscount Dundee. Killed at Killiecrankie 1689.

GRAHAM, SIR JOHN, the comp. in arms of Sir William Wallace, k. at the battle of Falkirk 1298. GRAHAM, SIR RICH., Lord Viscount Preston, ambass. from Charles II. to Louis XIV., 1648-95. GRAHAME, JAMES, a religious poet of Scotland, author of The Sabbath, &c., 1765-1811

GRAINGER, JAMES, a Scotch physician settled in London, known as a poet, 1723-1767. GRANBY, JOHN MANNERS, marquis of, an English general, eldest son of the duke of Rutland, distinguished in the seven years' war, 1720-1770. GRANGER, J., an Eng. biograph. wr., d. 1776. GRANT, ANNE, formerly Miss M'Vicar, and commonly called Mrs. Grant of Laggan, from a farm she cultivated in that neighbourhood, distinguished as a miscellaneous writer, authoress of 'Memoirs of an American Lady,' Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlands,' &c., 1755-1838.

GRANT, CHARLES, a proprietor and director of the East India Company, author of 'Observations on the State of Society among the Asiatic Subjects of Great Britain,' 1746-1822.

GRANT, SIR C., a British officer, died 1835. GRANT, EDWARD, an English writer, d. 1601. GRANT, FRANCIS, Lord Cullen, an eminent Scottish lawyer and judge, 1660-1726.

GRANT, J., a Scot. barrister, au. of Thoughts on the Origin of the Gael,' &c., 1743-1835. GRANT, PATRICK, a Scot. judge, 1698-1764. GRANT, SIR WM., an eminent equity judge, master of the rolls from 1801 to 1817, 1754-1832. GRANVILLE, GREENVILE, or

GRATTAN, HENRY, an Irish statesman and lawyer, was born in Dublin about the year 1750. He was called to the Irish bar in 1772; and having attached himself to Lord Charlemont, he obtained, by the powerful influence of that aristocratic national leader, a seat in the Irish parliament in 1775. His fiery eloquence, essentially Irish in its impetuosity, which yet was guided by good taste and strong judgment, gave him an immediate influence both with parliament and the public, and his bold spirit speedily grasped at projects far beyond the more hesitating policy of his leader. His great object was to have a recorded declaration of tho legislative independence of Ireland, and by obtaining it as he did, there is no doubt that he prepared his country to receive juster terms and a higher position in a legislative union with Britain than she might have otherwise obtained. Besides the old assertion of the supremacy of the English crown in Poyning's Act, there stood, in the British. statute book, so lately as the reign of George I., an offensive declaration of the legislative authority of the British parliament over Ireland. On the 16th of March, 1782, the Irish Commons, as the result of Grattan's exertions, carried a declaration of rights condemning this legislative assumption, and by the cordial aid of Fox, then fortunately in power, the offensive act was repealed by the British parliament. The Irish legislature resolved to show their gratitude by a vote of money to Grattan, which, at his own desire, was reduced from the £100,000 originally suggested to £50,000. His popularity was subsequently occasionally shaken by the hostility of his great rival Flood. Unlike many of his coadjutors in the struggle for Irish nationality, he was a warm friend of catholic emancipation. He strongly opposed the union, and was for some tine a member, but not a remarkable one, of the united parliament. He died on 14th May, 1820. [J.H.B.]

GRAUNT, EDW., an English clergyman, au. of Græcum Lingua Spicilogium,' &c., died 1601. GRAUNT, JOIN, a London draper, author of 'Observations on the Bills of Mortality,' 1670-74. GRAVES, RICH., an Engl. clergyman and misc. wr., auth. of The Spiritual Quixote,' 1715-1804. GRAY, E. W., an eminent naturalist, d. 1807. GRAY, STEPHEN, an English gentleman, distinguished as an experimt. philosopher, d. 1736.

GRAY, ROBERT, bishop of Bristol, author of a 'Theory of Dreams,' 'Connection between the Sacred Writings and the Literature of Jewish and Heathen Authors,' &c., 1762-1834.

GRAY, THOMAS, the son of a scrivener in London, was born there in 1716. From Eton school ho passed to Cambridge, where he busied himself with GREN-languages and poetry, and neglected mathematics

and philosophy, as indeed he did ever afterwards. Leaving the university in 1738, without taking a degree in arts, he intended to study law, but in the meantime entered on a continental tour with Horace Walpole. The two indifferently assorted companions travelled through France and Italy; but a misunderstanding taking place, Gray returned to England in 1741.-His father being now dead, he seems to have been in possession of means enabling a person of moderate wishes and indolent habits to dispense with the labour of a profession. He settled himself at Cambridge for the remainder of his days, hardly ever leaving the place, unless when he made tours to Wales, Scotland, and the lakes of Westmoreland, and when he passed three years in London, for access to the library of the British Museum. His life thenceforth was purely that of a scholar; and it was spent in reading and desultory thinking, rather than in authorship. His knowledge was multifarious and exact. That he was intellectually active, in his own lazy and miscellaneous fashion, is shown by his 'Letters,' published after his death. These are admirable specimens of English style; they contain some of the most picturesque pieces of descriptive writing in the language; they are full of acute, though fastidions criticism; and they have innumerable touches of quiet humour. He planned editions of classical authors, and made collections for the purpose. But he completed nothing except those little poems, which, flowing from an intense though not fertile imagination, inspired by the most delicate poetic feeling, and elaborated into exquisite terseness of diction, are among the most splendid ornaments of English literature.-His Ode to Eton College,' published in 1747, attracted little notice; the Elegy in a Country Churchyard,' appearing in 1749, became at once, as it has always continued

after having been disappointed of the place when
it was last vacant, he became professor of modern
history at Cambridge. He had long been distressed
by attacks of gout; and one of these killed him in
1771.
[W.S.]

GREATOREX, THOMAS, an eminent musical performer and composer, dist. also for his studies in mathematics, chemistry, and botany, 1758-1831. GREATRAKES, VALENTINE, an Irish gentleman who became famous about the period of the reformation for the cure of all kinds of diseases merely by the touch. He was born in Waterford 1628, and having come to England, served in the parliamentary army from 1649 to 1656, and was afterwards a magistrate in the county of Cork. The date of his death is not known.

GREAVES, JAMES PIERREPOINT, a writer of much original value on education, 1777-1842.

GREAVES, RICHARD, an Oriental scholar, antiquarian writer, and mathematician, 1602-1652. His brother, THOMAS, an Arabian scholar, author of annotations on the Bible, &c., died 1676. His br., EDWARD, a physic. and medical wr., d. 1680. GREEN, EDWARD BURNABY, a poet and classical translator, died 1788.

a

GREEN, JOHN, an English prelate, 1706-1779. GREEN, MATTHEW, author of The Spleen, poem in considerable repute when first published for its originality and wit, b. about 1677, d. 1737. GREEN, TH., a miscellaneous wr., 1770-1825. GREEN, VAL., an Engl. engraver, 1739-1813. GREEN, W., an English divine, died 1794. GREENE, MAURICE, a musical composer and organist, author of some much esteemed anthems. &c., named Doctor of Music by the university of Cambridge in 1730, and afterw. professor, d. 1755.

GREENE, ROBERT, an English dramatist, miscel. wr., and poet, time of Elizabeth, d. 1592.

GREENE, THOMAS, successively bishop of Norwich and Ely, and vice-chancellor of Cambridge, author of discourses on Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, &c., 1658-1738.

GREENFIELD, WILLIAM, an Oriental scholar, editor of the Comprehensive Bible,' &c., d. 1832. GREENHAM, R., a puritan divine, died 1591. GREENHILL, J., an English painter, 1649-76. GREENVILLE. See GRANVILLE.

GREGORY: an illustrious Scottish family name, recalling the continuous splendours of the Bernouillis or Cassinis: we shall give the names and little more of its most remarkable scions.-1. Earliest and perhaps loftiest, stands JAMES GREGORY, born in 1639; son of the progenitor of the family, the minister of Drumoack in Aberdeenshire. At the age of twenty-nine he became professor of mathematics in St. Andrews; from which he was transferred to the same chair in Edinburgh, 1674. He died at the early age of thirty-six, having given the most brilliant promise as well as great perfor to be, one of the most popular of all poems. Most mance. We owe him one form of the reflecting telesof his other odes were written in the course of the cope; and in analytic power he sometimes rivalled three years following 1753; and the publication of Newton. His memoirs are very numerous, all the collection in 1757 established his poetical re- bespeaking talents and originality of the first order. putation with all who were competent to appreciate-2. DAVID GREGORY, nephew of James, born the most refined beauties of poetry. In 1768, at Aberdeen in 1661; at the age of twenty-three