purposes. Some of the coal is disposed of unscreened, or "as run of mine," and is used in this condition for heavy steaming purposes where the boiler capacity is limitel, as in the case of railway locomotives.

The mine is ventilated by means of two exhaust fans, located one at either side of the mine. The main slope is the main intake for both fans.

The last plane in the first south entry has also been driven ont to the surface, which furnishes an auxiliary intake for the air that circulates through the extreme south workings of the entry. The air current coming down the main slope splits, or goes both ways, at the bottom, returning on either side through the workings and up the parallel slopes, which are parallel to the main slopes and 50 feet from it. Each air current then travels its respective side of the mine, through all the workings, and out through by way of the fans. The mine is thus kept thoroughly ventilated through all its parts.

The outside plant consists of the main hoister, small battery of boilers, blacksmith shop, trestle, tipple, scales, etc., and three large air compressors. These, as well as the whole outside plant connected with the Lucas mine, are run by a battery of eight large boilers.

The Lucas seam is the middle one of three coal strata lying close together and which are the top of all the coal measures in this canyon. In some places the three seams are so close together as to be all workable at one time, but as a usual thing only the middle one is mined. This varies in thickness from 3 feet to 3 feet 6 inches, and dips the same as the Cook and White. The methods of working are similar to those of the Cook and White, and the method of ventilation is the same, except that there is one fan instead of two. This fan is located on the north side of the main slope. The air current traveling on the south side of the mine crosses the slope and thus reaches the fan through what is known as the overcast or air-tight wooden box built over the top of the slope and crossing it at right angles. This is at present practically a one-sided mine, as the entries to the north have all been extended to that portion of the vein in which the coal is of a bituminous nature, as has been spoken of above. The prospecting and the work that has been done in the White Ash mine indicates that as the Lucas slope is extended a large field of anthracite coal will be opened up on the north side.

The most interesting part of the outside plant at this mine is the breaker, which name is usually applied to the huge building containing the machinery for crushing and assorting the coal. This building is 250 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 110 feet high. The top of the breaker is on a level with the mouth of the mine. As the coal is hoisted from the mine in pit cars, it is run into the breaker and dumped. On its descent to the storage bins, the coal first passes between two large, rough, iron cylinders, revolving rapidly, and at such a distance apart that the coal is broken up so that the largest pieces weigh from 5 to 6 pounds. This size is known as "grate." The coal then passes through long, cylindrical screens, which are kept slowly revolving. The mesh of the screens vary from one-quarter inch to 4 inches. They are set with one end higher than the other, the coal entering the screen at the higher end, and as the screens revolve the pieces of coal work from the higher to the lower end of the screens, falling through the screen as soon as the part is reached where the mesh is large enough to permit. The different-sized pieces of coal fall into different troughs which lead on down to the storage bins.

There are 15 or 20 boys employed on the breaker as "slate pickers," whose duty is to pick all slate out of the coal as the coal passes through the breaker. They receive 10 cents per hour for their labor. The boys employed on the breaker are from 12 to 16 years of age. The coal is thus graded in the sizes known as "grate," "egg," "stove," "nut," and "pea." The storage bins which hold 75 tons each are filled with the above-mentioned grades of coal. From the storage bins the coal is easily loaded on the railroad cars and shipped to Colorado, Kansas, California, and Mexico.

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Owing to the nature of the roof in the mines, a greater portion of the roof has to be supported by timbers where the coal has been taken out. It would doubtless surprise one not acquainted with the workings of a coal mine to see how many cars of timbers are used in the mine each month.

These mines a e well equipped for the rapid and safe handling of coal. Electric bell signals are used throughout the workings. Compressed air furnishes the power inside of the mines, and steam outside.

The classes of occupation here are numerous, there being work for the coal miner, timbermen, track layers, rope rider, driver, engineer, machinists, and blacksmith. The camp is nicely situated, eing 3 miles from Los Cerrillos, 15 miles from the gold and copper fields of Ortiz and San Pedro, 35 miles from the Cochiti mining district, and about 25 miles from the city of Santa Fe, which is the capital of the Territory.

The company owns and operates a large store where is kept in stock a large assortment of general merchandise, in fact everything that is needed for the wants of the miner. The miners all dress and live well, buying the best the market affords.

The houses are all owned by the company and rented to the employees. The houses are well built and kept in good repair, and are well suited to the needs of the coal miner and his family. Several hundred shade trees have been set out in the town of Madrid within the last 3 years, which are all growing nicely.

The town supports a city hall, excellent school, and two churches. The greatest disadvantage to work against so far has been the water supply. So far all the water for the town has to be shipped in tanks by railway. The company is now sinking a well in the hope of striking an artesian flow of water, and the indications are that the town will soon have an abundant and unfailing supply of pure water.

OMARA MINE.

[W. P. Gould, lessee.]

This mine is located about 7 miles south of Ortiz Station, which is a station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. Owned by Frederick Muller and is operated by W. P. Gould, lessee. Kind of coal, bituminous; thickness of vein, 4 feet; total output fiscal year ended June 30, 1899, 1,139 tons; estimated value of output, $1,894; depth of slope, 400 feet; average number of men employed, inside, 3; average number of men employed, outside, 4; number of days mine was operated, 225; where coal is marketed, sold to local trade.

This mine is ventilated by an air shait and has a capacity of 20 tons per day. The coal is hauled in wagons to the railroad at Ortiz Station and shipped to the con

sumers.

On account of the few men working in this mine I did not visit the mine during the fiscal year. This mine is located in Santa Fe County, N. Mex.

SOCORRO COUNTY.

CARTHAGE MINE.

[Hilton & Luerra, operators.]

This mine is located about 12 miles in a southeasterly direction from San Antonio, Socorro County, N. Mex. Kind of coal, soft bituminous; total output fiscal year ended June 30, 1899, 2,400 tons. Estimated value of output, $5,000; thickness of vein, 4 feet 6 inches; depth of slope, 2,.00 feet; value of improvements this year, $600; average number of men employed inside and outside, 3; number of days mine was operated, 225; where coal is marketed, Socorro, Silver City, Magdalena, Belen, and Water Canyon, N. Mex.

The coal is hauled in wagons to San Antonio, N. Mex., and shipped to the different towns above mentioned along the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. This mine has a capacity of about 50 tons per day, and is ventilated by an air shaft. Considerable development work has been done on this mine and the coal is of very good character, but the cost of hauling the coal 12 miles in wagons to railway station is too great an expense to enable the operators to compete successfully with other mines which are situated more conveniently to market.

RECORD OF INSPECTION.

November 9, 1898.-On this date I visited and inspected the Carthage mine. I measured 2,310 cubic feet of air entering the mine per minute and measured 2,450 cubic feet of air returning per minute. I found the workings well ventilated and the mine in good condition.

SAN JUAN COUNTY.

STEVENS MINE.

[Walter Stevens, general manager.]

This mine is situated near the town of Farmington, San Juan County, N. Mex. Owned and operated by Walter Stevens. Kind of coal, bituminous; thickness of vein, 15 feet; total output fiscal year ended June 30, 1899, 310 tons; estimated value of output, $310; value of improvements, $80; average number of men employed, 1; where coal is marketed, town of Farmington, N. Mex.; number days mine worked, 100.

THOMAS MINE.

[W. H. Thomas, manager.]

This mine is situated near La Plata, San Juan County, N. Mex. Operated by W. H. Thomas. Kind of coal, bituminous; total output fiscal year ended June 30, 1899, 150 tons; estimated value of output, $150; thickness of vein, from 2 to 4 feet; number of men employed at mine, 2; number of days mine worked, 60; value of improvements, $600; where coal is marketed, town of La Plata and vicinity.

MORGAN MINE.

[George Morgan, manager.]

Located near the town of La Plata, San Juan County, N. Mex. Operated by George Morgan. Kind of coal, semianthracite and bituminous; thickness of veins, 1 vein 3 feet 10 inches and 1 vein 60 feet; total output fiscal year ended June 30, 1899, 250 tons; estimated value of output, $312; number of men employed in the mine, 2; number of days mine worked, 60; where coal is marketed, sold at mine to local trade.

BRUCE MINE.

[R. E. Bruce, manager.]

Located near the town of Fruitland, San Juan County, N. Mex., and operated by R. E. Bruce. Kind of coal, lignite; thickness of vein, 14 feet; total output fiscal year ended June 30, 1899, 100 tons; estimated value of output, $75; number of men employed at mine, 1; number of days mine worked during the year, 60; where coal is marketed, Jewett Valley and Farmington, N. Mex.

The four above-mentioned mines, which are situated in San Juan County, are about 50 miles from any railway. Owing to the great distance from railway and the few men employed, I deemed it unnecessary to visit and inspect the mines. The mines have not yet been developed to any extent, only a few tons being taken out to supply the local demand. From the reports sent in by the operators of the mines, there seem to be good veins of coal, but the distance from market prevents the mines being worked profitably.

Analysis of coal from the White Ash mine of the Cerrillos Coal Railroad Company.