County, near the northern boundary of the Territory. The altitude is about 6,500 feet, and the location is very beneficial for consumptives. They have fine medicinal properties and promise to become. of prominence.

LAS VEGAS HOT SPRINGS.

In San Miguel County, at the mouth of the picturesque Gallinos Canyon, on the banks of the Gallison River, is situated the Las Vegas Hot Springs, famed throughout the length and breadth of the land for their curative virtues in a multitude of diseases.

The springs are twenty-two in number, and from analyses made by Prof. F. V. Hayden, of the United States Geographical Survey, the following is extracted:

In its chemical composition this water resembles in many respects the waters of the famous hot springs of Teplitz, in Austria, while in its two chief active constituents, the carbonate and sulphate of sodium, it may recall the somewhat analogous, though very much stronger, waters of Carlsbad, justifying in a degree the name often given it of "dilute Carlsbad water." This dilution, however, is more frequently a benefit than a disadvantage, for it permits a larger amount of the water to be taken, thus securing the valuable solvent and eliminating powers of the water itself, together with the remedial virtues of its mineral constituents.

OJO CALIENTE (HOT SPRINGS).

These celebrated hot springs are located in the midst of the ancient Cliff Dwellers, 25 miles west of Taos and 50 miles north of Santa Fe, N. Mex., and about 12 miles from Barranca Station, on the Denver and Rio Grande Railway, from which point a daily line of stages run to the springs. The temperature of these waters is from 90° to 122° F. The gases are carbonic. Altitude, 6,000 feet; climate, very dry and delightful the year round. There is now a commodious hotel for the convenience of invalids and tourists, and the reputation of these wonderful medicinal waters is fast spreading. These waters contain 1,686.34 grains of alkaline salts to the gallon, being the richest alkaline hot springs in the world. An analysis of these waters shows a total of 288.09 parts in 100,000 divided as follows:

JEMES HOT SPRINGS

Are in Bernalillo County, in Santiago Canyon, being a branch of the Jemes Creek, which 9 miles south connects with another branch running through Guadaloupe Canyon. To reach them one has to travel from Santa Fe by wagon road to Pena Blanca, 27 miles distant west, crossing the Rio Grande there, and thence keeping a western course through the foothills of the Valles Mountains to Jemes pueblo, 26 miles; from there it is 13 miles to the first group of springs, at Archuleta post-office; or from Bernalillo, on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad; also by wagon road past Santa Ana and Zia (or Silla) pueblos to San Ysidro and thence to Jemes pueblo, where this road and the former join, distant 27 miles.

Both roads are sandy, but the latter especially so, running for about 13 miles through Jemes Canyon.

A much better road, running from Archuleta north and northeast through the mountains and ending at Espanola, has recently been constructed.

There are several groups of hot springs in Santiago Canyon, but those at Archuleta, and 2 miles farther north, are most frequented. At Archuleta are ample hotel accommodations. Many health seekers prefer the "upper group" and camp there. At both places the scenery is enchanting and the atmosphere dry and healthy.

The lower springs, at Archuleta post-office, have an altitude of 6,620 feet above sea level. Limestone and sandstone of the Carboniferous age form the sides of the canyon, 1,000 feet high, often changed from their original position by volcanic materials. There

are here:

1. A geyser with an opening of 1 square foot, a temperature of 168° F., running about 50 gallons a minute, with escaping carbonic acid and deposits of white carbonate of lime.

2. A spring of 130° F. with free carbonic acid and red-brown deposits. 3. A spring of 119° F. with "alga" (cryptogamic water plants). A black sulphate of iron forms on them, a result of the action of sulphureted hydrogen upon carbonate of iron and oxide of iron in the alga. The sulphureted hydrogen is a product of the reduction of gypsum.

There are more springs, with a temperature from 102° to 108° F. The total salts in 100 parts of water amount to 0.2401 parts of sodium, lime, and magnesia. These springs are especially beneficial to rheumatic diseases.

The upper group, 2 miles from Archuleta, in the same canyon, consists of 42 springs. Their elevation is about 6,740 feet above sea level and their temperature varies from 70° to 105° F.

They flow from caves of carbonate of lime, some of which are 20 feet in height. Combined they form a dam or dike 30 feet high and 200 feet long. The springs contain 37.26 parts solids in 100 parts water, mostly chloride of sodium and sulphate and carbonate of soda, lime, and magnesia. They greatly resemble the famous Marienbad.

Besides the hot springs, north of the upper group are cold mineral springs. Halfway between the two groups is an extensive ruined pueblo.

CHERRYVILLE SPRINGS.

In Socorro County, at Cherryville, is the next occurrence of noted springs. These are found near the head of the cañada or falls of the

Alamosa, whence Geronimo started out on his famous raid. They are accessible by stage from Engle, a station on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. They are on the eastern slope of the Black Range. The temperature is 130° F. and the altitude 6,540 feet.

GILA HOT SPRINGS.

In the southwestern part of Socorro County, on the west of the Gila or Diamond Creek, as it is called, is a group of springs, at 5,545 feet altitude, that are easily reached by wagon from Silver City. The temperature is 130° F. and they carry similar ingredients to the Jemes Springs.

APACHE TAJOE SPRINGS.

Four miles from Whitewater, on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, are also found some good springs of 97° F. They are in Grant County, 30 miles north of Deming.

HUDSON SPRINGS.

Twenty-four miles north from Deming, and within 3 miles of Hudson, on the Santa Fe road, are several good springs. These springs are widely known and much frequented, both on account of their medicinal value and the lovely climate and beautiful scenery.

The average temperature of the springs is 130° F. and their altitude 5,782 feet above sea level. The main spring is a mound of soda, lime, and magnesia, in the center of which is a large depression containing the permanently boiling water which has effected many cures of rheumatism and kidney and blood diseases. The water contains in 1 gallon the following solids:

Grains.

1.552

.530

4.448

2.624

13.547

2.286

24.987

Some other undeveloped springs are about 3 miles north of Hudson Hot Springs.

It remains to be said that close to the western boundary of the Territory are several other locations of hot springs, of which one is about 10 miles southwest of Zuni and one in the valley of the San Francisco River, the latter at an altitude of 5,630 feet above sea level and having an average temperature of 84° F., largely used by the Indians and the people of the vicinity, respectively.

AZTEC SPRINGS.

This is a cold-water spring situated 4 miles east of Santa Fe. From the surrounding hills and ridges a magnificent view is had of the country for many miles, including the city of Santa Fe, the valley of the Rio Santa Fe, and portions of the valley of the Rio Grande del Norte, together with the magnificent mountain ranges in different directions.

Col. D. L. Huntington, surgeon, U. S. A., and curator to the United States Medical Museum, says of this spring: "The water contains 18 grains to the gallon of solid material, and it resembles many of ta

celebrated German springs, and would be found very useful in such diseases as catarrh of the bladder and all forms of dyspepsia and intestinal indigestion. The water is also useful as a gentle and constant tonic."

Analysis of this water made by F. W. Clark, chief chemist of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., shows it to contain the following per 1,000 parts:

With enough carbonic-acid gas to retain the carbonates of calcium and magnesium in solution as bicarbonates.

Such healing waters, taken in connection with the pure, dry, and bracing climate of the mountains, should surely prove a boon to those affected with many forms of disease, and the attention of physicians throughout the country is invited to the many merits they possess in the treatment of numerous forms of disease.

CLIMATE.

REPORT OF THE NEW MEXICO CLIMATE AND CROP SECTION.

The Territorial assembly of 1898 renewed the annual appropriation of $700 for the purpose of printing the data collected by the service. All other expenses of equipment, distribution, salaries, etc., are borne by the United States Weather Bureau.

During the year ending June 30, 1899, 8 stations were established and 5 discontinued. At the close of the year there were 41 stations reporting to the central office at Santa Fe, which included 2 military posts, 5 stations of the Southern Pacific Railway, and 34 volunteer observation stations. Every county in the Territory is represented in the reports of the section, excepting Taos and the new county of Otero. In the latter county stations have been equipped at both Alamogordo and Fresnal, but as yet neither is in active operation. During the year the section has received meteorological reports from Dr. William Curtiss Bailey, medical superintendent of the Montezuma Hotel at Las Vegas Hot Springs. Dr. Bailey equipped the station at private expense, and the regular and careful reports from this noted health resort prove a valuable addition to the service.

There have been printed and distributed during the year 10,000 weekly climate and crop bulletins, 6,000 monthly reports, and 800 annual summaries. The weekly bulletins, issued during the crop season, are widely copied by the press of the Territory and frequently by outside papers. Their distribution by this means is estimated to reach more than 20,000 readers weekly.

The central office is continually receiving applications for meteorological data from citizens of other sections who contemplate settling or sojourning in the Territory. The proposed establishment of sanitariums for the treatment of tuberculosis at Fort Stanton and Fort Bayard by the United States Marine-Hospital Service has set the seal of approval of the highest medical authorities on the superior climate of New Mexico.

CROP REVIEW, SEASON OF 1898.

The season opened with March having a normal precipitation, but slightly cooler than usual. The temperature, however, was quite steady, and favorable for farm work. In southern sections wheat was sown in the early part of the month, but in the north little work was done before the 15th. During the last week in southern localities apricots and peaches were somewhat injured by frost, but in the north, where little advance had been made, the fruit was uninjured. Stock came through the winter in good condition, and feed on the ranges started out well. Water for irrigation purposes was plentiful.

April was very favorable, being both warmer and wetter than usual. There was a slight frost on the 1st and 5th, but little damage resulted, as crops were not sufficiently advanced. In southern sections wheat had a good growth by the end of the month, corn planting was well begun, and fruit trees were in full bloom

over the Territory generally. Alfalfa and grass on the ranges were making excellent growth.

The month of May was dry and cool. A frost on the 5th and 20th, in upper central sections, nipped tender garden plants and unprotected vineyards, and a killing frost on the 21st destroyed much of the fruit of San Juan County and vicinity. The drought caused little harm, as irrigation water was abundant; but the low temperature and absence of moisture retarded the growth of vegetation. During the last of the month corn planting generally was suspended, awaiting rains. In southern sections sugar-beet planting was carried on during the month under favorable conditions. The first cutting of alfalfa was made on the 15th in southern counties. Toward the close of the month stockmen were experiencing some difficulty in finding water for their stock, and ranges were beginning to suffer. Although June averaged cooler than usual, the last ten days of the month were much warmer than normal. The protracted drought was generally broken, beginning with the 5th, and the month thereafter proved unusually favorable for stock and farming interests. Corn planting, which had been suspended, was resumed during the second week under most favorable conditions. Oats, wheat, and barley made very good growth, and the hot, sunshiny weather of the last ten days ripened grains so rapidly that by the close of the month some in the southern section had begun to harvest. Fruits also matured rapidly, and during the last week of June large consignments of plums, peaches, and cherries were being shipped from southern orchards. The effects of the May frosts became more apparent on fruits of northern sections, and it was expected that the total output would be greatly reduced.

The average precipitation for July was about an inch and a half greater than the usual amount, so that although the temperature was slightly below the normal the month as a whole was unusually favorable to crop growth. During the first week harvesting wheat and oats was well begun, but owing to showery weather some trouble was experienced in properly securing the crop. In northern counties the second cutting of alfalfa was well begun by the 15th, but much of this also was damaged by the rains. Corn made excellent growth during this wet season, and by the close of the month had more than made up for its late start. All garden truck, such as beans, peas, early potatoes, etc., were abundant in southern markets by the 15th. The marked feature of the month was the period of heavy showers during the second week, which caused “washing" of standing grain, and interfered greatly with harvest. In many localities it was impossible to secure the grain which had been cut, and much of it was expected to sprout in shock. The damage was not so great as was anticipated, however, as the dryer weather of the latter part of the month brought more favorable conditions, and permitted many farmers to clean up their harvesting to good advantage. In the northern section, however, much of the grain and of the second crop of alfalfa still remained uncut. Fruits were turning out very satisfactorily. At the close of the month early grapes were ripe in some localities, and melons were being shipped from southern fields. In northern counties the larger tree fruits were coming to market. Sugar beets continued very promising. The weather during this period was particularly favorable to stock interests, there being sufficient water and excellent feed.

The average temperature for August was about 2.5 below the normal. The rainfall also was a quarter of an inch below the usual amount, and occurred as light showers rather well distributed over the Territory and during the month. Toward the close of the month, however, southern districts suffered considerably from drought. Wheat, barley, and oats harvests in southern sections were well secured by the 10th. As a rule corn continued doing well, but toward the close of the month suffered somewhat from lack of rain in nonirrigated fields. By the close of the second decade early fruits of all kinds, melons, and early varieties of grapes were abundant in southern markets, and also were in northern markets by the end of the month. Sugar beets in general continued particularly promising, although during the latter part of the month some fields suffered considerably from drought. At this time fears were entertained that there would be a scarcity of winter feed on northern ranges. With few exceptions there was sufficient water throughout the month for irrigation purposes.

September was an unusually dry and sunshiny month. The greater part of the month was much warmer than usual, although the average temperature for the whole month was about 1° below the normal. This average deficiency was caused by the cold spell from the 9th to the 13th, when the first killing frost occurred throughout northern portions, causing much damage to potatoes, tomatoes, melons, etc., and also injuring alfalfa and unripe corn. The average precipitation was a little less than three-quarters of an inch, being about an inch below the aver