service pur qi ne voilez respoundre, et qe vous frez voz baillifs faire au tiel serement come a eux appent et qe loial acompt rendrez al escheqer le roi des issues de vostre baillie. Et qe vous prendrez voz enquestes en lieux appiertz et nemye privez, et ceo par endenture, solonc le purport de lestatut ent fait. Si Dieu vous eide et seo seintz.

Answer of the said Thomas Walleworth, clerk,1 that he took the oath of Thomas Graa, mayor, according to the form sent to him, in the chapter-house of the cathedral church of S. Peter, York, 9 May, 21 Richard ii. (1398).

1. Note in the margin that the answer is given by John de Castello, prior of the church of the Holy Trinity.

GLOSSARY.

ABYLL CHAFYR, 65, 66, merchandise, goods or wares able to be bought and sold, 'to tham yat awe it,' awe owe, an impersonal verb which governs the dative; the whole phrase apparently means that it is obligatory upon the workers that the work should be honestly done. ALMORY, 149, cupboard. Obs. form of Ambry, armorie, almarie, med. Lat. almarium. 13th century almaire, 16th century refashioned after Latin armoire a place for tools, arma tools +--arium depôt cf. aquarium, but aumry without adscititious is retained in North. dial. in which alone the word is in everyday use. "A perfect range

of almeries, with all their fittings, may still be seen in the office of the chapter clerk at York. The only perfect specimen of a church-almery that I have seen was in the old church at Richmond, Yorkshire." York Fabric. R. (1858), 335.

AMITA, the white amice worn by priests, O. Fr. amit Lat. amictus. Wyclif translates amictus once amyt, once amys. N.E.D. Dur. Acc. R. 199, 205, 264, 401, 404.

APPRENTICEHED, 182, apprenticeship, cf. 1377. Langland Piers Ploughman. Bk. v. 256. And have ymade many a knyghte both mercre and drapre that payed nevere for his prentishode.

ARIAGE, 38, see charettz.

N.E.D.

ASINE, 14, Latin asinata, was much used in the middle ages as a measure of wine, and occasionally of other commodities.

*ATESUBES, 16, this word still remains unexplained, the first letter is quite obliterated in the MS.

AUCA, 223, goose, the wild goose, anser ferus. The Dur. Acc. R. have aucae ad obolum, perhaps geese supplied by certain tenants at each, aucae rosettae = russittae the sheldrake, aucae s'tbulatae, probably stubble geese, 15, 16, 536.

AVAILL, 69, advantage, profit. The earliest example given by the N.E.D. is c. 1420. Pallad on Husbandry, i., 850. For anntes eke an oules

herte availe is to put upon her bedde.

AVIRES, 15, cattle, oxen for the plough.

BALINGER, 32, 33, balyngera, balingera, Du Cange, a small seagoing vessel, 1391. Test. Ebor., i., 67, “dimidietatem nostri balinger.'

in use in 1670, N.E.D.

No longer

BARON, 14, early M.E., barun, O.F., barun, late Lat. baro-onem of which the ordinary sense was man, especially in relation to some one else, as when we say, the King's man passing on one side into servant, vassal, on another into man as opposed to slave, freeman, also as opposed to wife, husband 1292 Britton ii., iii., 6. Ne femmes espouses sauntz loar barouns. N.E.D.

BEREBITZ, 17, sheep, brebis, berbiz, Godefroy. Le Livre des Métiers has brebiz. xii., 8; xxx., 3, 7; xci., 18.

BLEEZ, 15, corn, blez. But a corndealer blader, Liber Custumarum, p. 303. "ii. prodes hommes a garder ceste, qe ne soient bladers ne brassours." "Pour mesurer les blez de leur terres. Le Livre des Métiers, x., 12. BOGE, 60, budge, etymology uncertain, a kind of fur consisting of lamb's Iskin with the wool dressed outwards.

BowCHER, 17, butcher, from boc, a goat. Wedgwood Dict. of Etymology. BOWER, 52, 53, 54. A bowyer or maker of bows. P.P. Bowyere, arcuarius. BREEZ, 15, malt, braise, brez, Godefroy. BUSOIGNE, 91, needs, besoigne, Godefroy. The word occurs constantly both in Liber Albus and Liber Custumarum. There seems little doubt that this word is the original of our present word business.

6

In English of the 15th century 'bisynes' seems to have been the common form." Lib. Cust., 702.

BRACERESSES, 164, women brewers, braciator, a brewer.

BULYONS, 187, a knob or boss of metal, a convex ornament on a book, girdle, harness or ring. N.E.D.

BUSTION, 236, a cotton fabric of foreign manufacture used for certain church vestments cf. O. Fr. bustanne, a sort of cloth, made at Valenciennes, Godefroy, N.E.D.

BURDE ALISAUNDR, 236, a kind of striped silk. In Beck Draper's Dict. In 1392 Richard Beardsall left as a legacy a piece of burd Alysaunder.

N.E.D.

BUTOUNT, 15, throw out, Godefroy. P.P. buttun caste forth.

CANNES, 92, obsolete form of canvas. N.E.D.
CARDELEFES, 81, carde French carde teasel-head, Sp. or It.

Carda thistle, med. Lat. cardus thistle. Leves, leaf. The sheet of leather into which the teeth of a wool-card were inserted. The earliest example given by the N.E.D. is 1688. R. Holme Armoury, iii., 92. The Leaf, the leather to set the Teeth in. Pricking the Leaf is making holes in the Leather in which the teeth are put. N.E.D. CASTYNWERK, 56, an obsolete form of cast. P.P. has castyn or trowyn. CHANFEZ, 164, a difficult word, may possibly be a textual error for craufes, crayfish, crawfish [M. Eng. crevice O. French crevice] or it may be connected with chamfer, O. French chanfraindre to channel, flute, furrow, and refer to the shells of the oysters and mussels. In a Bishop's Installation Banquet, crayfish of freshwater, is one of the dishes. Medieval Garner, p. 676.

CHAPES, 187, the metal plate or mounting of a scabbard or sheath, particularly that which covers the points. N.E.D.

CHAPMAN, 135, a trader, dealer. Obs. O. Eng. ceap barter, business, dealing + mann.

CALATHIS, 12, a basket.

CHARBONE, 15, charcoal. Godefroy, Complément.

CHASTIEL, 13, castle. Godefroy, Complément.

CHAUMBRELAYNS, 16, chamberlain, Godefroy, Complément gives many variants, chamberlenc, chamberloins, chamberleng, chamberlayn. CHAUX, 15, lime, Chaut, chau, chous, Littré.

CHARRETTZ DE ARIAGE, 38, apparently carts drawn by cart horses, chevaux de harieaulx, chevaux de labour, Godefroy. I am indebted to Mr. G. J. Turner for this suggestion.

CHIEF, 37, head, chef, cief, chep, chier, cap, Godefroy. CORDEWANER, 43, cordwainer. O. French, cordoanier, shoemaker. Originally in Spain and Italy a maker or dealer in Cordovan leather, the form cordiner retained until a late period in Scotland. Cordwain a tawed leather made in imitation of that of Cordova. Liber Custumarum, p. 712, 1397. Act 21 Richard ii., c. 16. Qe nul suour ne cordewaner ne use la mistier de Tanner. N.E.D. CRUYLES, 186, crewel, of obscure origin, apparently the earliest forms were monosyllabic, Crule, Crewle.

CUSTODES CATHENARAM, 154, keepers of the chains, that is of the barriers that were put up to protect the land immediately beyond the gates.

DAIRS, 15, a possible corruption of the text, if dairs is the correct reading probable meaning small quantities, connected with denar, denare, denree, modification of M.E. denere, from O.F. dener, denier assimilated to Lat. denarius, It. denaro. In English monetary reckoning used for penny, an object of the value of a penny especially bread pain de denier then all merchandize of whatever price.

DAKYR, 65, Ten. O. Eng. dicor, M.L.G. deker, Itel. dekr, W. Ger. decura, Lat. decuria, a company or parcel of ten. The word has been used from Its use in the skin trade appears to be the only one in Continental languages, in English it has been extended to some other goods. N.E.D.

ancient times in the reckoning of skins or hides.

Desterlingas, 27, sterling. The origin of the word sterlingus or esterlingus is involved in obscurity, probably it comes from the Easterlings or Hanse Merchants, who came from East Germany. Du Cange derives the word from the osterlingi, natives of South Saxony. See Liber Custumarum, p. 828.

DIGHTYNG, 65, O. Eng. dight to wipe clean or dry, hence to prepare get ready. Et. sol eidem pro le dyghytyng unius corrii bovini in leddr hungre 20 d. Dur. Acc. R. 647. DISMAHEIGMEE, 61, dis-meshaignier, to mutilate. Godefroy. Mehaignie, mahaignie, mehain, an unfavourable condition, etc. Generally used in le Livre des Métiers of bad workmanship, Et comme en Paris soient aucun et aucunes qui s'entremetent de cyrurgie qui n'en sunt par digne, et perilz de mort d'omes et mehains de membres en aviennent et porroient avenir." Des Cireurgiens, xcvi., 4.

66

DOLIUM, 172, 173, a cask. 1483. Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 29, For everey of the Kalender of the yere, a dolium of Wyne. N.E.D. DOMUS DEI, 25, more commonly called meson dieu, maison de Dieu. At Ripon corrupted into Maidens' due. Dur. Acc. R., 935.

ENBROWEZ, 53, tarnished or dirty.

ESCORCHER, 82, ecorcher, to skin.

Escu, 29, Fr. shield, bread in the form of a triangle.

FELDFARE, 223, feldyfare dia. form of fieldfare, of obscure origin apparently it means a field goer, a kind of thrush, M.E. feldefaro, 4 syllables in Chaucer. Parl. Foules 364 The frosty feldefare. N.E.D.

FERIAL, see jour.

FEVES, 43, beans. FRESYNG, 65, frize (?), I learn from a currier that after the wool has been taken off, the pelt is put into a lime pit to prepare it for splitting. After it is split, the flesh side is used for dressing into chamois leather and before doing that it is necessary to resplit or frize' it to get off the layer of fat that lies between the flesh and the grain. Before splitting machines were invented the grain was frized' off and wasted. N.E.D. gives frieze, fres, French friser effleuer, Littré, to brush lightly over. FULLER, 70, one whose occupation is to full cloth, derivation doubtful. O. Eng. fullere adaptation of Lat. fullo. If there existed an O. Eng. fullian vb. ad. late Lat. fullare to full, the agent noun may have been derived from it. N.E.D. Walker was substituted for fuller in Yorkshire, possibly when the Flemish weavers came to England. Catholicon Anglicon gives, to walke, fullare. "Fullers' earth is still called walker-earth in Yorkshire, and at Ripon a walk-miln gave its name to a street called Walk-miln Gate." Dur. Acc. R., p. 984.