Chicago were as given in the following table:

Crime

Total arrests for five years Total Negroes for five years

No statistics of causes of arrests of Negroes are published by the City of Philadelphia, but the writer was permitted to go over the books in the Nineteenth District Police Station, and there to gather information upon this subject. I may say that the Nineteenth District is in extent the same as the Seventh Ward of Philadelphia, the ward containing the most Negroes, about one-sixth of the entire Negro population of Philadelphia. This ward contains, in all probability, a larger percentage of Negroes than any other ward. The table includes nearly a hundred charges, and is too long for insertion here; but the following description will give some idea of the condition as reflected by the books of the police station above mentioned.

More than half of the 2245 arrests of Negroes in this district were on the following five charges: disorderly conduct, for which 428 were arrested; breach of the peace, 275 arrested; drunk, 199 arrested; drunk and disorderly, 157 arrested; and crap shooting, 86 arrested. Half of those arrested on these charges were dismissed on the preliminary hearing. Other causes of arrest, of a nature not indicating much of serious crime, were 10 for acting suspiciously, 53 for corner lounging, 10 for blocking cars, trespassing, impersonating officers, etc., 17 for witnesses, 19 for malicious mischief; while 88 were arrested on suspicion of various kinds. One hundred and eight persons were arrested for being inmates of disorderly houses, 35 were discharged, and the remainder received light. sentences. The more serious causes of arrests were: 140 for larceny, 1 for murder, 1 for being accessory to murder, 4 for burglary, 13 for highway robbery, 154 for assault and battery, 46 for aggravated assault and battery, 4 for rape, 1 for robbery, 1 for shooting a man, 1 for immorality and neglect of children, 6 for fornication and bastardy, 40 for non-support. Fiftyseven were held for violating the liquor license law, and 34 for keeping disorderly houses. About one-third of those arrested were held on serious charges.

After arrest comes conviction. Here we are all at sea, so far as the Negro is concerned. There is nowhere published the number of Negroes convicted, or the crimes for which they are convicted. Chicago gives the crime for which they are arrested and there'stops. But we do get some information in Chicago regarding the total number of persons arrested, discharged, etc. In 1905, for example, there were 82,572 arrests in Chicago, but 50,436, or 61 per cent, of those arrested were discharged in the police court; 22,362, or 27 per cent, were fined and released; 7243 were released on peace bonds; and 3398, or only 4 per cent of the total number arrested, were held for criminal courts, 2021 for the Juvenile Court, 8 sent to benevolent institutions, 1231 otherwise disposed of. During this year 401 persons, less than one-half of one per cent of the total number arrested, were sentenced to the penitentiary or reformatory, and 1007 were sent to the county jail.

In the special study of crime in Philadelphia, the following results were obtained. Of the 2245 Negroes arrested during 1906 in the Nineteenth District, 785, or 34.97 per cent, received no punishment whatever, but were discharged on preliminary hearing before the magistrate; the others were turned over to the criminal court for further hearing. Those arrested for being drunk were kept in the police station till they were sober, usually over night, and then discharged. Of the 199 "drunks," only 30 were held for criminal court. Some were sent for a few days to the county prison, and some to the hospital. Next to drunkenness, comes disorderly conduct in the matter of light punishment: 428 were arrested on this charge, of whom 249 were discharged; the balance, except a few, who were held for a second hearing, were sentenced to five, ten, fifteen, or thirty days in the county prison, or for three or six months, or as high as one year, in the House of Correction. For disorderly conduct, as a rule, women were dealt with more harshly than men. Of the 275 arrested for "breach of the peace," 131 were discharged. Some were bound over under $500 bond to keep the peace, and others incarcerated for from ten days to one year. “Idle and disorderly characters" and vagrants, the first chiefly women, and the second men, received sentences of from ten days to two years in the county prison or House of Correction. The keepers of gambling houses, bawdy-houses, houses of ill-fame, were placed under bond of from $600 to $800. Of the 117 inmates of these places, 36 were discharged, and most of the others were given from five to thirty days, or three months in the county prison, or House of Correction. "Street loungers" got generally from ten to twenty days, crap shooters, ten days, and others, arrested for minor

crimes, about the same.

More than three-fourths of the cases were

settled by the magistrate in the district.

women.

We have in Chicago some idea also of the crimes among Negro Considering that the cities in the North have more Negro women than Negro men, and that these are chiefly immigrants from the South, without home attachments, the subject of crime among them deserves much more study than it has received. In Chicago Negro women were arrested as follows from 1905 to 1909 inclusive:

In New York the arrests of Negro women were larger in propor

tion to those of men than in Chicago.

they were as follows:

For the years 1905 to 1910

The above tables, and the one on page 302, show that New York has the largest proportion of arrests of Negro females, followed by Philadelphia, with Chicago as the lowest. In 1900 the population of Chicago included 467 females and 533 males to each thousand Negro inhabitants, whereas the arrests for the period of five years, from 1905 to 1909, were 818 males and 182 females for each thousand Negro inhabitants. In New York in 1900 there were 553 females and 447 males to each 1000 Negroes, but of the Negroes arrested in this city for the years 1905 to 1910, 387 were females and 613 were males. In Philadelphia in 1900 there were 536 females to each 1000 Negroes, in the city, but for the six years, 1905 to 1910 inclusive, the number of females in each 1000 Negroes arrested was 234. While the

arrests of females are considerably less than the males, yet, compared with the arrests of females in the population in general, they are much too high.

For Philadelphia we have no published statistics of causes of arrests of women, but the detailed study of the Nineteenth Police District may prove instructive here. Of a total of 2235 Negroes arrested in this district, 691, or 30.8 per cent, were females, a much higher average than in the whole city. Of the eighty-five charges on which there were arrests, women were arrested on only thirty-eight, while males were arrested on seventy-five. The chief charges on which women were arrested were as follows: disorderly conduct, 152; breach of the peace, 102; idle and disorderly characters, 70; drunk, 49; inmates of disorderly houses, 45; drunk and disorderly, 41. On these six charges, 459, or about 66.4 per cent, of the arrests of females were made. Upon the preliminary hearing, the major portion of these were dismissed or given a light sentence of thirty days or less. The more serious charges were: selling liquor on Sundays without license, 35 arrests; assault and battery, 34; larceny, 31; keeping disorderly houses, 26; aggravated assault and battery, 8; for murder, one. Twenty-two were arrested on suspicion of larceny; 8 for threatening; 10 for witnesses; 6 for street walking, etc. There were 46 charges on which males were arrested, but no females, the chief ones of this class being crap-shooting, 86 males arrested; burglary, 5 males; rape, 5 males; non-support, 40; fornication and bastardy, 6; inmates of gambling houses, 9; cruelty to animals, 6; carrying concealed weapons, 7; larceny on bail, suspicion of robbery, snatching pocket-books, desertion from United States Navy, fugitive from justice, trespassing, indecent exposure, illegal voting, passing counterfeit money, demented, suspicion of homicide, bench-warrant, two arrests of males on each charge; forcible entry, 10 males; incorrigible and impersonating an officer, 4 males each; reckless driving, suspicion of murder, suspicion of policy writing, window-smashing, 3 arrests each of males; "flimflamming," 4 arrests; and of the following, one arrest each of males

accessory to murder, suspicion of incendiarism, embezzlement, disorderly character, keeping ferocious dog, policy writing, attempt at illegal voting, vouching for illegal voter, insane and disorderly conduct, drunk and suspicion of larceny, blocking cars, attempt at robbery, shooting a man, burglary and assault and battery, suspicion of burglary, robbery, conspiracy, insane and drunk, and false pretense.

Many of the charges, such as rape, illegal voting, non-support, desertion from Navy, impersonating officer, are of crimes in the main peculiar to males because of sex custom. There were ten charges of the 85, upon which females were arrested but no males. These were: soliciting, 16 females arrested; murder, 1; immorality and neglect of children, 1; street walking, 6; receiving stolen goods, 2; larceny and receiving stolen goods, arson and drunk, violating park rules, misdemeanor, 1 each; and common scold, 2. In cases where both sexes were reported, the Negro males were in excess of the females. The exceptions were idle and disorderly characters, 70 females and 12 males; selling liquor without license, 35 females and 23 males; keeping disorderly house, 26 females and 8 males; aiding and abetting policy playing, 1 male and 4 females.

CRIME AMONG NEGRO CHILDREN

As to crime among Negro children, we have as little data, as far as statistics are concerned, as with crime among Negroes in general. The Pennsylvania Board of Charities, however, publishes the statistics as to the reformatories of the state, giving the race of the children. According to the last report, in the reformatories of the State of Pennsylvania there were, in September 1904, 1372 juvenile delinquents, of whom 1137 were boys and 237, girls. During the year, September 1903 to September 1904, 699 were admitted. Most of these were admitted for the first time, but many had been in a reform school before. Of the 136 Negro children reported during 1904, 26 had been in one of the reformatories before.

Of the 568 children committed, 5 were under nine years of age; 23 between nine and eleven; 81 between eleven and twelve; 221 between thirteen and fifteen; 235 between fifteen and twenty, and 3 were over twenty years of age. Of the 8 Negro girls committed to the House of Refuge, both parents of only one were living; of 13 boys committed to the Reform School, the parents of four only were living, while of the 48 white girls admitted to the House of Refuge, 24 had living parents, and of 37 to the Reform School, 30 had living parents; of 109 white boys admitted to the latter institution, 55 had both parents living. Hence it appears that the lack of parental over