The moral pointed by the tale is that if educated white men and even lawyers do not understand the law the Indian surely ought not to be expected to do so.

Attention is called to it here only because the story seems calculated to create a more sympathetic understanding when it is read in communities where the interests of these two races clash. We cannot of course undertake a systematic education of the older Indians, but wherever, in schools or elsewhere, short stories are wanted for reading which deal with the subject of the Indian, this one recommends itself by reason of its motive and treatment.

The Jeanes Fund Report

The report made by Dr. James H. Dillard and his associate, Mr. B. C. Caldwell, to the Board of Trustees of the Negro Rural School Fund at the meeting held at the White House in Washington on December 12, was full of interest. This Board is composed of Northern and Southern men, both white and colored. The President of the United States presided at the meeting. Next to him were the Secretary of the Board, Major R. R. Moton, a graduate of Hampton Institute and now its Commandant, and Dr. Booker T. Washington, Chairman of the Executive Committee. Occupying the Cabinet chairs were prominent business men of the country. Presidents of Southern universities, editors of magazines of national importance, well-known philanthropists and educators, were also present and discussed together what could be done or the Negro children of the rural districts of the South.

Dr. Dillard's report showed that about one hundred and sixty teachers had been employed to go from one school to another and see that the schoolhouses were cleaned, to introduce sewing and cooking, and to improve the work of teaching in every way possible.

Dr. Dillard, the agent of this fund, was formerly Dean of Tulane University, and held a high social position in New Orleans. He has been called during the past year to the presidency of a Southern university, but realizing the importance of this new work for the Negro rural schools, he resolved to continue to devote his time and thought to it. Within the last few months he has been made agent of the Slater Fund also, a position of much responsibility.

The New

The annual meeting of the New York Armstrong Association was held in that city on December 13 at the York Armstrong home of Dr. Wm. Jay Schieffelin, who has been for many years president of this Association, and who has

Association

done much to make Hampton's work known among the people of New York. In the summer he and Mrs. Schieffelin arrange for meetings in behalf of Hampton and Tuskegee at Bar Harbor.

At the annual meeting in New York the work of the Calhoun Colored School, a child of Hampton, was presented to the friends gathered at Dr. Schieffelin's house. The Reverend Ambrie Field, chaplain at Calhoun, presented pictures of the school and of the cabins of the community, showing the changes which have been brought about in the homes and lives of the people. Miss Charlotte R. Thorn, the principal and one of the founders of the school, has been obliged to take a brief rest on account of her health, which made possible to Hampton workers the pleasure of a visit from her of several weeks. On account of her illness, however, she was obliged to give up her work of raising money for carrying on the school, and there is need that the friends of Calhoun should come to its aid.

Movement

for a Washington Y. M. C. A.

Negro labor.

Several articles have recently appeared in the SOUTHERN WORKMAN showing the increased interest of Southern white men in the question of Negro education, and their larger understanding of the importance of intelligent

On December 14 the writer attended a meeting at the house of Mr. William A. Slater in Washington which was held for the purpose of creating interest in a Young Men's Christian Association for the colored men of that city, and of raising funds for a suitable building. At this meeting, Hon. H. B. F. McFarland, formerly president of the Board of Commissioners of Washington, presided. The speakers were Mr. Thomas Nelson Page, the author, and Dr. Wm. Jay Schieffelin of New York, a trustee of Hampton Institute. Attention was called to the fact that in Washington is the largest Negro city population in the world. Thousands of people who visit that city receive a lasting impression of the character of the Negro race from those whom they see there. Reference was made to the fact that legislation for the blacks is determined very largely by the character of the colored people of Washington, and the remark was made that just so far as ignorance, unsanitary conditions, and crime are allowed to exist among the blacks in that city, they will affect the physical, mental, and moral health of the whites. As Booker Washington said in his Atlanta speech, either the whites must pull the blacks up, or the blacks will inevitably drag the whites down. Any uplifting influence for the colored population, such as this Y. M. C. A., should be encouraged by the white members of the community.

Does Hampton Educate Criminals?

A recent visitor to Hampton asked how many of its Negro graduates had ever been convicted of crime. It was impossible to give him definite information at the moment, but, at his request, the records were examined and a report was sent him. Hampton, perhaps more than any other school, keeps in close touch with its graduates and ex-students, for it is of the utmost importance that a school like Hampton should know exactly what are the results of its work. Only in this way can the question be answered, "Does it pay?”

Fully 7000 Negroes, men and women, have gone out from the school, having received more or less of Hampton's training. Of these, 1429 are graduates. There are 1159 graduates now living and the school is in communication with all but about 43. So far as can be ascertained only two graduates have ever been imprisoned for crime. Of the more than 5500 ex-students who did not graduate, the school is in communication with over 2000. How many have died we do not know. Many were in school a short time only and were sent away because of unsatisfactory records. Doubtless a number of these have been in trouble since leaving school but there is record of only five. It is only fair to add that at the time of the Onancock riot in 1907 one graduate and one ex-student were arrested but both were accquitted in Norfolk where the trial was held. To the gentleman making the inquiry names and dates were given. They are not necessary to our purpose here.

The conspicuous fact in this report is that out of 1429 graduates who represent Hampton's training only two have been convicted of crime. A comparison with white schools on this point would be of interest.

Indian Education at Carlisle

It

The annual report of the United States Indian School at Carlisle presents a number of striking features. is printed in a pamphlet of thirty-two octavo pages, with a cover of simple Indian design. The work was done by the class in printing at the school and reflects great credit upon its members. The excellent quality of the letter-press, the good taste shown in the arrangement and in the use of Indian designs in initials and headpieces, and in the illustrations, all combine to make this report unusually artistic and attractive in appearance.

To the hundreds of busy people whose inspection will not go farther than the pictures, these alone speak eloquently of some of the results of the school's work. But a deeper examination is worth while for anyone

who wishes to know what kind of education Indians receive at Carlisle. Superintendent Friedman, who makes the report, quotes a letter from Chief Justice Horace E. Deemer, of Iowa, who says: "My only regret is that such a system of education is not given to white men as well as to red." And indeed this observation in one form or another is frequently made by those who are familiar with the purposes and methods pursued at Carlisle and Hampton.

The report lays special emphasis upon the vital importance of practical training in such fundamentals as reading, writing, and arithmetic.

66

An Indian boy or girl who completes the work in our schools should at least be able to add accurately a column of figures, to speak intelligently and grammatically, and to write a legible, correctly spelled, and properly formed letter; not that education consists merely in the doing of these things, but in this practical business world a man's education is too often judged by these standards. In our introduction of this and that branch of so-called higher education, and even in the inclusion of industrial branches, care should be taken that when a boy or girl leaves an Indian school supported by the Federal Government that he or she should have a thorough grounding and preparation in these things."

Upon this foundation is based the training in the industrial departments, which includes, at Carlisle, courses in the various mechanical trades, in agriculture, and in business. In this connection it is interesting to note the introduction during the past year of an additional branch; namely, that of telegraphy. The suggestion strikes one at once that here is a new kind of sign language for the Indian and one to which his delicately trained ear and natural skill with the hands will readily adapt him. Although it seems too early, as yet, to judge of results, the report nevertheless says:

"It has been found that the Indians are exceptionally well adapted for the taking up of the study of this subject, having a keenly developed sense of hearing and of touch. Attendance in this department has been limited to a carefully selected number of the more advanced students, and it is aimed in the future, more and more, to restrict admission to those who have a good preparatory education. There is a large demand for telegraph operators and railroad agents all over the country, espe cially in the West, where it has been found difficult to keep men at some of the lonely stations in the desert and mountain regions. Indians would not object to being alone in these places."

Some striking figures are presented in the report showing the per capita cost of education at Carlisle as compared with Girard College in

Philadelphia, an institution somewhat similar in character to the Carlisle School. It must be remembered that cost figuring may sometimes be misleading since the result necessarily depends upon what is included in the calculation. In the present instance there is no explanation of what the calculation includes but it seems clear from the context that the cost is reduced by the productive labor of the students. At any rate the figures are interesting and are here quoted as given:

"In last year's annual report, after a careful examination of the cost of Indian education, it was found that the average per capita cost during the past fifteen years for the maintenance of the Carlisle School, including cost of building, etc., was $153.92. At Carlisle for 1909 the per capita cost was $169.60, in comparison with $356.99, the per capita cost at Girard College. These figures show that, as nearly as possible, for every dollar which comes from the public treasury of the United States and is spent by the Federal Government toward the education of Indians at the Carlisle School, the students produce nearly a dollar in return; that their education is not a gratuity, and that, as far as may be in an educational institution where the students come from poor families without money, as at Carlisle, they help to pay in labor for what they get in the way of instruction."

The report concludes with the statement, in regard to the returned students, that returns from 2189 cases show that approximately 94 per cent are successfully earning their living and showing by the uprightness of their lives the vital influence for good derived from even a short term spent at this school.

The Boston Hampton Committee

wishes to record its deep sense of loss in the death of BISHOP MCVICKAR, for many years a devoted trustee of Hampton Institute. He represented a distinct type of the men who made missionary work possible and successful. He was eagerly interested in everything that pertained to the welfare of Hampton, finding its work peculiarly congenial to his broadly sympathetic spirit and warm heart, while his optimistic enthusiasm cheered and inspired all workers for the unfortunate. The members of this Committee gratefully record themselves his debtors. Boston, December 1910.