notices, and engraved illustrations, under the title "Bibliotheca Sussexiana; a descriptive Catalogue, accompanied by historical and biographical notices, of the manuscripts and printed books contained in the library of H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex in Kensington Palace." The first volume, relating to theological and Biblical MSS. in various languages, appeared in two parts in 1827. The second volume, relating solely to editions of the Bible and of portions of the Bible, was printed in 1839. It appears that in 1827 the library consisted of upwards of 50,000 volumes, 12,000 of which were theological. (Gent. Mag., new series, xix. 645-652; Debret, Peerage; Papers elucidating the Claims and explaining the Proceedings in Chancery of Sir Augustus d'Este, 1832 (privately printed); Dillon, Case of the Children of H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex; Law Magazine, vii. 176– 183; A Statement of Circumstances connected with the late Election for the Presidency of the Royal Society, 1831; Pettigrew, Bibliotheca Sussexiana.) J. H. B. AUGUSTUS OF UDI'NE, so called from his native town in the north-east corner of Italy, was one of the most obscure among the small Latin poets of the sixteenth century. His real name was Publio Augusto Graziani. He was a public teacher at Trieste and Udine, and his local fame is attested by the existence of a medal struck in his honour. He was dead before the publication of a volume of odes, which are his only known compositions: Augusti Vatis Odæ," Venice, 1529, 4to. (Mazzuchelli, Scrittori d'Italia.) W. S. AULAF, or ANLAF. In the history of the Anglo-Saxon period in England, during the reigns of Athelstan and his brothers Edmund I. and Edred, frequent mention occurs of Danish princes of Northumbria, whose name is variously written Anlaf, Analaf, Analaph, Analav, or Onlaf, sometimes Latinized by the addition of the syllable us. In the Irish annals, the name is variously written Amlaib, Amlaibh, Amhlaibh, Amlaoib, Amlaoibh, Amlaoimh, Amlaim, Amlaip, and Anlaf. The ancient Danish writers give the form Olafr, Latinized Olaus. Modern English historians commonly write Anlaf, as the name of the Anglo-Danish princes of Northumbria; in other cases, the name is usually, in English, written Olave.* Sir Francis Palgrave suggests, but with hesitation, that Aulaf is the ancient form, of which Anlaf is a corruption.

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There is as much perplexity in the history of these princes as in the orthography of their name. The two most conspicuous are by

*There is a mode of pronouncing this name, of evidently ancient use, still preserved in Norfolk, and perhaps elsewhere-" Ooley." With the prefix "Saint," it forms "Saint-Ooley;" from whence, by corruption, is formed the name of a well-known street in the metropolis (in Southwark), "Tooley Street," properly "St. Olave's Street," from the ad jacent St. Olave's Church.

some of our principal historians, including William of Malmesbury and Simeon of Durham, regarded as one; and of those who distinguish between the two, some connect particular events with one which others connect with the other. We give with hesitation the following notices.

AULAF, or ANLAF, son of Sihtric. There seems reason to identify Sihtric, the Danish prince of Northumbria, who married Athelstan's sister, and died about A.D. 926, with the Sitruc or Sitriucc, grandson of Iomhair or Imair, a Danish chief, powerful in Ireland, whose death is recorded by the Irish annalists as happening about that time. When Guthfrith or Guthferth and Aulaf, sons of Sihtric, were expelled from Northumbria by Athelstan [ATHELSTAN], Aulaf fled to Ireland, where he carried on hostilities with the natives, and possibly assisted in the recovery of Dublin, from which, after Sihtric's death, the Danes had been for a short time expelled. In 934 he plundered the island in Loch "Gabhair," and the crypt of " Cnoghbhai." He married a daughter of Constantine, King of Scotland, but at what period is not known, except that it was not later than A.D. 937. In A.D. 937 or 938 he attempted, with the aid of Constantine and other allies, to recover Northumbria, and entered the Humber with a fleet of above six hundred vessels, and a force which Mr. Turner estimates at forty thousand men. At first he met with some success; but Athelstan, having collected an army, routed the invaders at Brunanburh with great slaughter. Aulaf and Constantine escaped, but many of their subordinate chiefs fell in the battle. William of Malmesbury records that Aulaf, before the battle, explored Athelstan's camp in the disguise of a harper, but was discovered by a soldier, whose notice was attracted by seeing him hide in the ground the money given him as the reward of his minstrelsy, and which his pride would not suffer him to carry away. The soldier, having once served under Aulaf, allowed him to pass without hinderance; but after he was gone, informed Athelstan who he was, and advised him to remove his tent, excusing his allowing his escape on the plea that he had formerly taken the oath of allegiance to him. The following night Aulaf broke into the Anglo-Saxon camp, and slew a bishop and his retinue, who occupied the spot from which Athelstan's tent had been removed. The Saga of Egil Skallagrim describes minutely the events and negotiations which preceded the battle.*

In A.D. 938 or 939 Aulaf was again in Ireland, and plundered Kilcullen; but nothing further known of him until A.D. 943, when he succeeded Aulaf, son of Godefrid, or Guthfrith, or Guthferth, in a part of the

This Saga describes Aulaf (Olafr) as born of a Scottish father and a Danish mother of the race of Ragnar Lodbrok, and makes him King of Scotland. It gives to him the surname of "Rufus," the Red.

over the besieging force, which led to a treaty, negotiated by Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, on the part of Edmund, and by Wulstan, Archbishop of York, on the part of Aulaf. By this treaty England was divided between the two princes, and Watling Street was made the boundary. All to the north and east of that line was ceded to Aulaf, who thus acquired a wider dominion in England than any previous Danish prince; while all to the south and west remained to Edmund. It was also arranged, that whichever of the two princes died first, the survivor was to inherit his dominions. Aulaf, after the peace, married Alditha, daughter of Orm, a nobleman (whether Anglo-Saxon or Dane is not clear) by whose aid he had gained his victory at Leicester. It is probable that Aulaf made profession of Christianity at this time. He soon afterwards plundered the church of St. Balterus, and burned Tinningham, in consequence of which he was, according to the pseudo Matthew of Westminster, "overtaken by the judgment of God, and died miserably." His treaty with Edmund, his marriage, and his death probably occurred in A.D. 942 and 943: Matthew of Westminster and Hoveden place them rather earlier. He appears to have left a son, Camman, noticed by the Irish chroniclers.

AULAF CUARAIN, a Danish chieftain, contemporary with Aulaf son of Sihtric. The Irish annalists, "The Four Masters," record his going to York A.D. 938 (corrected by O'Conor to 940); but the statement is probably an error, the annalists confounding him with the son of Sihtric. In 946 he plundered Kilcullen. In the following year he was confederated with the Irish against the Danes of Dublin, who were defeated with severe loss. In 949 he was in England, but no exploit is recorded of him; and in A.D. 953 he was again in Ireland, ravaging the coast of Ulidia, or Down. In A.D. 970 he plundered Kells; after which we read no more of him.

AULAF, King of Norway in the time of the Anglo-Saxon king Ethelred II. [OLAF.] The Anglo-Saxon and other early authorities for the above articles are- -the Saxon Chronicle, by Ingram; Matthew of Westminster (so called), Flores Historiarum; Florence of Worcester; and the writers contained in the collections of Savile, Twysden, and Gale. The Irish authorities, chiefly "The Annals of Ulster" and "The Four Masters," are contained in O'Conor's Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores, 4 vols. 4to. Buckingham, A.D. 1813-1826. The Danish authorities are in Johnstone's Antiquitates Celto-Scandica, 4to. Copenhagen, 1786. To these may be added Palgrave's Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth; and History of England, in the Family Library; also Turner's Anglo-Saxons; and Lingard's History of England. J. C. M.

AULAIRE. [SAINT AULAIRE.]

AULA'NIUS EVANDER, an Athenian sculptor, who lived in Rome in the time of Augustus. Pliny mentions him as the restorer of the head of a statue of Diana by Timotheus, which was in the temple of Apollo on the Palatine Hill. Horace is thought by some to refer to this or to some artist named Evander (1 Sat. 1, 91), but the passage admits of a better interpretation. The scholiast Porphyrio says that the Evander mentioned by Horace was a chaser in metal (cælator) and a statuary, who was taken to Alexandria by Marcus Antonius, and thence carried captive to Rome, where he executed many admired works. (Pliny, Hist. Nat. xxxvi. 6; Heindorf, Notes on the Satires of Horace.) R. W. jun.

AULBER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH, was born at Waiblingen in the year 1671, and studied at Tübingen, where he took his master's degree in 1693. In 1705 he was pastor primarius at Pressburg in Hungary: he returned to his native country in 1711, and, after filling various clerical situations, was made Provost of Herbrechtingen in 1724, and in 1730 Abbot of Königsbrunn. He died on the 2nd of June, 1743. He wrote "Gedächtniss der vor 200 Jahren durch D. Luther angefangenen Reformation." (Jöcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten Lexicon.) J. W. J.

AULBER, MATTHÆUS, was born at Blaubeuren, in the year 1495. He studied at Tübingen, where he took his degree of doctor in theology. About the year 1518 he removed to Wittenberg, and became a diligent hearer of Luther and Melanchthon, and in the following year removed to Reutlingen, where he exerted himself by his preaching to establish the doctrines of the Reformed religion, and succeeded so far as to induce the town to subscribe the Augsburg Confession, in 1530, notwithstanding the danger attendant upon such a step. In 1535 Ulrich, Duke of Würtemberg, associated him with Brentz, Schnepffen, and Blaurer, in the labour of Protestantizing the duchy. He continued in his office of preacher at Reutlingen_twentynine years, that is, until the 25th of January, 1548, when, the town being compelled to adopt the Interim, Aulber was displaced. On this occasion Duke Ulrich made him counsellor of consistory and cathedralpreacher at Stuttgard, where he remained fourteen years, and exerted himself with much zeal in his office, but in 1562 retired to his native place, because, as it is stated, he would not subscribe to the doctrine of the real presence.

He wrote "Via compendiaria reconciliandi partes de Coena Domini controvertentes," which has been inserted by Christian Matthæus Pfaff in his "Acta et Scripta Publica Ecclesiæ Würtembergicæ," fasc. i., Tübingen, 1720, 4to., together with the letters of Zwinglius to Aulber upon the subject, and other letters addressed to him by Luther,

Melanchthon, and Brentz. He also discusses the same matter in the Prodromus to the "Acta et Scripta," in opposition to V. E. Loscherus. (Allgemeines Lexicon, Basle, 1742; Jöcher, Allgem. Gelehrten-Lexicon.) J. W. J. AULBERTUS, SAINT. [AUBERT,

SAINT.]

AULBERY, GEORGE, a native of Charmes-sur-Moselle, was secretary to Charles III., Duke of Lorraine, and author of several poems, the principal of which were, a "Cantique sur le Miserere," printed at Nancy, in 1613; and "Hymnes sur l'Ascension de Notre Seigneur," likewise printed at Nancy. He also produced a prose work, "Vie de Saint Sigisbert, Roi d'Austrasie, avec la Description de la Lorraine et de Nancy," dedicated to his patron the duke, Nancy, 8vo. 1616. The dates of his birth and death have not been preserved. (Calmet, Bibliothèque Lorraine, p. 30; Goujet, Bibliothèque Françoise, xv. 95.) J. W. AULETTA, PIETRO, Maestro di Capella to the Prince of Belvedere in the early part of the eighteenth century. In 1728 he produced, at Rome, "Ezio," a serious opera, and another entitled "Orazio,” at Venice, in 1748. E. T.

AULICZECK. [AULIZECK.] AULI'SIO, DOMENICO D', was a native of Naples. According to Giustiniani, he was born on the 14th of January, 1639, but Biagio Troisio and others assign his birth to the year 1649. He studied successively under Muzio Floriati and Lionardo Martena. His talents were great, varied, and precocious. At the age of nineteen years he instructed the young Neapolitan nobility in the arts of poetry and fortification with considerable reputation. He was shortly afterwards appointed by the king, Charles II., to teach fortification in the military school of Pizzofalcone: this post he held twenty-three years. Aulisio was a good linguist: in his lectures on fortification he spoke with equal facility the Spanish, French, and Italian languages; he was also well versed in the Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, and Illyrian. History, chronology, and antiquities, especially numismatics, had been successfully cultivated by him, and also the ancient and modern systems of philosophy, medicine, and the various branches of mathematics. He had studied jurisprudence diligently from a very early age, and although he declined the practice of the courts in order that he might be able to indulge his inclination for literary and scientific pursuits, he accepted the place of extraordinary professor of the Civil Institutes in the University of Naples in 1675. Eight years later he was made ordinary professor of the Civil Institutes; in 1689, ordinary professor of the Codex; and in 1695, on the death of Felice Aquadia, the principal professor of civil law, Aulisio was unanimously elected to

| the vacant chair with a salary of 1100 ducats per annum. He acquired great reputation by the manner in which he discharged his duties as professor, and, according to Giannone, he introduced important improvements into the existing mode of communicating legal instruction.

Aulisio was involved in more than one controversy. The most remarkable arose from his opposition to an hypothesis of his uncle the celebrated Lionardo di Capua, advanced in his " Pareri sull' Incertezza della Medicina,” who asserted that the rainbow might be seen in an entire circle. The dispute between Aulisio and the partisans of Lionardo became so serious that the viceroy, Luigi della Cerda, Duke di Medina Celi, judged it expedient to interpose and put an end to all further discussion, fearing that the parties would appeal from the pen to arms. A question of professorial precedence gave rise to another dispute with Niccolò Capasso, and a third originated in his expulsion from the body of the Arcadians of Rome in the year 1711, who struck his name from their list because he refused to take any share in a question which at that time divided the members of the Academy into two parties.

He died on the 29th of January, 1717. It was reported after his death that he had been poisoned, and his nephew Niccolò FerraraAulisio was accused of having perpetrated the crime in order to hasten his possession of his uncle's property. He was imprisoned on the suspicion, although there does not appear to have been any ground for the charge, and only released at the end of two years, through the active exertions of Giannone.

Aulisio was called the polyhistor of his time. Panzini, in his Life of Giannone, describes Aulisio as "the most splendid ornament of the University of Naples: profoundly versed in every branch of science; in medicine, philosophy, the learned and Oriental languages; well skilled in Roman, Greek, and Hebrew learning, and a consummate master of jurisprudence."

His works are-1. "De Gymnasii constructione. De Mausolei architectura. De Harmonia Timaica. De Numeris medicis dissert. Pythagorica. His accessit epistola de Colo Mayerano," Naples, 1694, 4to. These are the only works published by the author. When his nephew Niccolò was released from prison, he presented several of his uncle's choicest books and manuscripts to Giannone as a mark of gratitude for the exertions he had made in his behalf. Giannone, who had been Aulisio's favourite pupil, immediately selected the two following works for publication-2. "Commentaria Juris Civilis," 3 tom. Naples, 1719-20, 4to., published again at Naples in 1774-76, 4to. 3. “In IV. Institutionum Canonicarum libros Commentaria," Naples, 1721, 4to. Again at Venice in 1738, 8vo., and at Naples in 1752, 8vo.