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Julius* expressly forbids the Priest, whilst celebrating the Holy Mysteries, to dip the Bread into the Cup. In opposition to this order our adversaries divide and immerse the Bread. †

* De consec. dist. ii. cum enim nemo.

+ The accusation here brought against the Papists, is precisely the same that St. Julius alleged against their Fathers. You, says the Bishop, dippe the Breade into the Cuppe, and so did they. They brake Christe's Institution, and so doo you." Pope Julius therefore addressed them in these words, " Hoc quam sit Apostolicæ, et Evangelicæ Doctrinæ contrarium, et consuetudini Ecclesiasticæ adversum, non difficile ab ipso fonte veritatis probatur, a quo ordinata ipsa Sacramentorum Mysteria processerunt." How far this is contrary to the Apostolical and Evangelical Doctrine, and to the Custom of the Church, cau easily be proved by the Fountain of Truth, by whom the Mysteries of the Sacraments were ordained, and from whom they first proceeded.

Erasmus in the book just cited, exclaims with the greatest contempt, "At this time every fool's Dreams, nay, the doting fancies of half-witted females are read with the Holy Scriptures." Polydore Vergil informs us, "Multorum Divorum vitas recitant, tametsi parum ad fidem scriptas." They read the lives of many of their Saints, though not written according to truth.

Polydor. Vergil in Orat. Dominic. And Ludovicus Vives, speaking of the celebrated "Legenda Aurea," which Bishop Jewell calls The mother of al their devoute Ecclesiastical Stories, or Fables, says, "nescio cur Aurea dici debeat, cum scripta sit ab homine ferrei oris, et plumbei Cordis, et plenissima sit impudentissimis mendaciis." I see no cause why it should be called the Golden Legend, since it was written by a man of an iron countenance, and

Pope Clement denies that a Bishop can lawfully bear both swords; and adds, if thou wilt have both, thou deceivest both thyself and thy hearers.† But now the Pope vindicates his authority to bear both, and does so: and therefore it ought to excite the less astonishment if

leaden Heart, and abounds with the most shameless lies; such Truths are devoutly and solemnly read and expounded in the Romish Church.

Lavaterus in Proverbia Salomonis, p. 134.

• Namely, the Spiritual and Civil.

The words of Clement are, "Si mundialibus curis fueris occupatus, et te ipsum decipies, et eos, qui te audiunt." If thou art occupied with worldly cares, thou wilt deceive both thyself and those that listen to thee. And St. Bernard in his Letter to Pope Eugenius has the following passage on this subject, "Planum est Apostolis interdici Dominatum. I ergo tu, et tibi usurpare aude, aut dominans Apostolatum: aut Apostolus Dominatum: plane ab alterutro prohiberis. Si utrunque similiter habere velis, perdes utrunque." It is plain that unto the Apostles of Christ Temporal Authority is forbidden. Go thy way therefore, and dare to usurp either the Apostleship, enjoying temporal authority: or temporal authority, being an Apostle. From one of them undoubtedly thou art prohibited. If thou indifferently aimest at both, you will lose both.

Bern. de Consider. lib. ii. And the Apostolic Canons declare that a Bishop and a Priest may not involve themselves in the execution of worldly offices; but have leisure from mundane cares, and shew themselves meet for the use of the Church. For no man can serve two masters. Canon. Apost. lxxx.

the predicted consequences have ensued: if he has deceived both himself and his hearers. Pope Leo says it is unlawful to say more than one mass a day in the same Church. They daily say in the same Church ten, twenty, thirty, and often more; so that the bewildered Spectator knows not whither to turn. Pope Gelasius pronounces the man guilty of the crime of Sacrilege who divides the Eucharist, and partakes of only one of the Elements.* Our adversaries, in opposition to the Divine Command, in opposition to the Papal Authority, enjoin that only one of the Elements be administered to the people; and thus involve their Priests in the crime of † Sacrilege.

* Let the Papist consult his own Mass Book, and he will find this expression: Hæc sacra sancta COMMIXTIO CORPORIS, et SANGUINIS. Domini nostri Jesu Christi fiat mihi, et omnibus sumentibus salus animæ et Corporis. May this Holy MINGLING OF THE BODY AND BLOOD of our Lord Jesus Christ, be unto me, and unto all that receive it the Health both of Soul and Body. These words omnibus sumentibus cannot possibly apply to the Priest alone, but must of necessity extend to all the people. And here I would ask by what authority either of Holy Writ, Ancient Council, or Primitive Christian Doctor, the Popish Priests receive the Sacrament themselves in Both Kinds, but refuse to administer the Cup to the People.

+ Where finde you either your Private Masse; or your halfe

But if they say these acts have become antiquated, and obsolete unconnected with the period of time in question; in order that all may know what confidence can be placed in these men, and with what views they convoke Councils; let us briefly consider the regard they pay to those decrees which recently, within the last few years, were ordained to be observed with sacred fidelity in a general Council legally convened.

*

Pluralities. In the last Council of Trent, scarcely fourteen years since, it was voted without one dissentient voice that no one at the same time should hold two Benefices. What has now become of that decree? Is it already become antiquated and obsolete? For we not only see two Benefices, but often many Monasteries, and two, three, and even four Bishopricks entrusted to one person: and that not only to men unqualified by their ignorance, but even to Military Characters.

Communion; or your accidentes without subjecte or the reste of your like vanities, wherewith ye have so longe time deceived the Worlde? The Defence of the Apologie, p. 496.

* March 3, 1547.

M

The same Council decreed that all Bishops should preach the Gospel. So far however are they from attending to this, that they never even ascend the Pulpit, nor consider it as constituting the least part of their duty. To what purpose therefore is all this pompous parade about Antiquity? Why do they exult so immoderately in the names of the Fathers, and the Ancient and Modern Councils? Why will they pretend to rely upon that authority which they contemptuously neglect at pleasure? But I am anxious personally to enter into the lists of Controversy with the Pope himself.

Tell me then, Holy!! Father!! with whom Antiquity is the never-ceasing theme; to whom it is your boast that all men owe allegiance: Tell me which of the Fathers ever styled you* Su

* By the following note extracted from Bishop Jewell's reply to Harding, it will be seen that the title of "Summus Sacerdos," which is usurped by the Popes on the supposed authority of the Ancient Fathers, was by those Holy Men assigned to any Bishop who exercised the supreme authority in his own Diocese; "But for thy better satisfaction, good Christian Reader, it is well knowen to any meane Studente in Divinitie, that, not onely the Bishop of Rome, but also every other Bishop within his owne Diocese was commonly called the Highest Prieste."

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