THE NATURE AND FOUNDATIONS OF ELOQUENCE.

CHAP. I. Eloquence in the largest acceptation defined,

its more general forms exhibited, with their different

Objects, Ends, and Characters,

CHAP. II. Of Wit, Humour, and Ridicule,

21

34

CHAP. III. The Doctrine of the preceding Chapter

defended,

71

SECT. I. Aristotle's account of the ridiculous explain-

ed,

SECT. II. Hobbes's account of laughter examined,

CHAP. IV. Of the Relation which Eloquence bears

to Logic and to Grammar,

CHAP. V. Of the different Sources of Evidence, and

the different Subjects to which they are re-

spectively adapted,

88

103

SECT. II. Of Deductive Evidence,

Part I. Division of the subject into Scientific and

Moral, with the principal distinctions between

them,

Part 11. The nature and origin of Experience,

Part III. The subdivisions of Moral Reasoning,

1. Experience,

ib.

111

117

ib.

CHAP. VI. Of the Nature and Use of the scholastic

Art of syllogizing,

141

CHAP. VII. Of the Consideration which the Speaker

ought to have of the Hearers, as Men in general, 161

SECT. I. As endowed with Understanding,

SECT. II. As endowed with Imagination,

164

SECT. VI. Other passions, as well as moral senti-

ments, useful auxiliaries,

Page 199

203

SECT. VII. How an unfavourable passion must be

CHAP. VIII. Of the consideration which the Speaker

ought to have of the Hearers, as such Men in par-

ticular,

208

CHAP. IX. Of the consideration which theSpeaker

ought to have of himself,

210

CHAP. X. The different kinds of public speaking in

use among the moderns, compared, with a view to

their different advantages in respect of eloquence, 215

SECT. I. In regard to the speaker,

SECT II. In regard to the persons addressed,

SECT. III. In regard to the subject,

SECT. IV. In regard to the occasion,

SECT. V. In regard to the end in view,

216

222

CHAP. XI. Of the cause of that pleasure which we

receive from objects or representations that excite

pity and other painful feelings,

SECT. I. The different solutions hitherto given by

philosophers, examined,

Part I. The first hypothesis,

Part II. The second hypothesis,

Part III. The third hypothesis,

Part IV. The fourth hypothesis,

243

245

ib.

248

254

265

SECT. II. The Author's hypothesis on this subject, 275

BOOK II.

THE FOUNDATIONS AND ESSENTIAL PROPERTIES OF ELO-

CUTION.

CHAP. I. The Nature and Characters of the Use

which gives Law to Language,

SECT. I. Reputable use,

-

297

302

SECT. II. National use,

SECT. III. Present use,

Page 309

313

CHAP. II. The nature and use of verbal Criticism,

with its principal Canons,

321

SECT. I. Good use not always uniform in her deci-

SECT. II. Every thing favoured by good use, not on

Part III. By the use of good words new modelled, 368

INTRODUCTION.

ALL art is founded in science, and the science is of little value which does not serve as a foundation to some beneficial art. On the most sublime of all sciences, theology and ethics, is built the most important of all arts, the art of living. The abstract mathematical sciences serve as a groundwork to the arts of the land-measurer and the accountant; and in conjunction with natural philosophy, including geography and astronomy, to those of the architect, the navigator, the dialist, and many others. Of what consequence anatomy is to surgery, and that part of physiology which teaches the laws of gravitation and of motion, is to the artificer, is a matter too obvious to need illustration. The general remark might, if necessary, be exemplified throughout the whole circle of arts, both useful and elegant. Valuable knowledge, therefore, always leads to some practical skill, and is perfected in it. On the other hand, the practical skill loses much of its beauty and extensive utility, which does not originate in knowledge. There is by consequence a natural relation between the sciences and the arts,