fenestrarum vitriarum per vitriarium apud Topclif 3s. 4d. Et in curialitate data ij carpentariis pro esculentis per j mensem 3s. 4d. Et.... clavis cariandis cum dimidio futher plumbi et instrumentis plumbariorum per ij carectas conductas de Ebor. usque Topclif 10s. Et in cineribus plumbi et instrumentis cariandis de Topclif usque Ebor. per ij carectas ibidem conductas 10s. Et in meremio empto cum sarracione et aliis expensis factis per dominum Willelmum de Norton* 13s. 4d. Et in emendacione coopertura chori per alium plumbarium in principio anni 2s. 11d. Et in taxacione decimæ domini Regis de termino Purificacionis 40s. Et in taxacione subsidii dicti domini Regis de termino Sancti Martini cs. Et in expensis ipsius computantis Roberti de Newton et aliorum apud Topcliff pro ecclesia supervidenda et agnis et lanis decimalibus vendendis, 3s. 4d. Et in expensis Cardinal' pro isto anno, 14s. 7d. Summa,

217. 4s. 2d.

Et in una

EXPENSE FACTA PER MAGISTRUM CAMPANIS.† magna campana per Johannem de Stafford ex convencione operanda, 67. 13s. 4d. Et in xj.c turvis emptis pro igne circa le mold, 11s. Et in ij schaldres de secole emptis pro eodem, 10s. Et in vj scheppis de charcole emptis pro eodem 7s. Et in j petra cepi empta 16d. Et in unguento empto 16d. Et in wort empto 4d. Et in sape empto 6d. Et in wengges emptis 4d. Et in cariacione luti pro le mold et aliis necessariis circa campanam 11s. Et in stramine pis' empto 44d. Et in j stapill pro campana empta 3d. Et in rosyn empto pro eodem 3d. Et in potu dato laborantibus circa dictam campanam fundendam 3s. 101d. Et in vj serzis emptis pro le mold 18d. Et in dicta campana cum ferro pendenda 20s. Et in j magno novo claper empto pro eadem 16s. 8d. Et in j alia campana vocata John de novo pendenda cum j novo claper empto 25s. Et in j alia campana

* A scion of the house of Norton, of Norton Conyers, and brother to Sir Richard Norton, who was one of the justices of the King's Bench. He was rector of Tanfield, and held other preferment in Richmondshire. He made his will in 1405, desiring to be buried in St. John's Chapel in Wath Church. To his brother Richard he leaves a silver cup with a cover, a breast-plate with "rerodos," a pair of "rerebraces," and a pair of " sabatons," and his horse "Lyard," his portiphor, and his best seal. To John, son of his aunt at Thirsk, chaplain, his book called Dubia Sacræ Scripturæ, and a little book beginning Quid sit pecunia. To little John de Norton three books of Justinian's Codex and Digest. To Roger Crome, jun., a bow with twelve arrows "de pakok." "The whole vestment which I have made to be given to Tanfield Church, to the honour of God and St. Nicholas. An honest chaplain to celebrate for me in the chapel of St. Cuthbert at Norton."

Great repairs, it will be seen, took place this year in the belfry. Several new bells were made and put up. The great bell had fallen down in the year 1360 through the carelessness of the treasurer, and it was now replaced. A new clock was also made.

vocata Chaunseler bell* pendenda per ij vices cum j novo claper 20s. Et in m.xij lb. de ere et stagno emptis de Johanne de Kirkham dando pro c 26s. 8d., 197. 9s. 8d. Et in c de stagno emptis pro magna campana 30s. Et in campana pro le clok cum campana cementariorum de novo operandis 66s. 8d. Et in xxj lb. de messyng emptis de Ricardo Kyng 3s. 6d. Et in campana in logio cementariorum pendenda 3s. 4d. Et in campana pro le clok in berefridot pendenda 6s. 6d. Et in vj rigald, emptis pro rotis campanarum cum sarracione 4s. 3d. Et in convencione facta cum domino Johanne Clareburgh pro j novo cloke operando cum toto apparatu præter plumbum et campanam 137. 6s. 8d. Et in permutacione facta cum Johanne de Kirkham pro alia magna campana pro le clok et habuit in emendacione cum campana ecclesiæ, 201. Et in putura, reward, et aliis necessariis pro le clok, 4s. 4d. Et in pendicione ejusdem magnæ campanæ pro eodem cum ferro empto, 11s. Summa 661. 10s. 1d.

CUSTUS NAVIS. Et in emendacione navis fabricæ per Willelmum Cawod. ex convencione facta cum eo, 8l. 12d. Summa 8l. 12d.

carectatis lapi

...

CUSTUS MOLEND' DE BROTH (ERTON) dum emptis cum cuchyngs et cariagio in le brek, 66s. 8d. . . oe unius domus vocatæ le loge ex convencione (propter) quod domus ibidem prius edificata combusta fuit, 46s. 8d. . . . . pro stagno ejusdem molendini et le brek 32s. 4d. 5s. 8d.

....

Summa 71.

Robertum de Summa 60s.

. operandis

OPERACIO operatis per magistrum Patryngton, dando ci pro pecia 6s. 8d., 60s. OPERACIO DE KEYES. (Et in xvj keyes) pro celura dando pro pecia qualibet 5s., 41. EXENNIA MISS. . . . CANONICIS. . . . . icis et aliis ministris super auditum compoti anni precedentis, 22s.

Summa 41.

Summa 22s.

EMPCIO PERGAMENI ET PAPIRI. Et in pergameno et incausto empto pro literis euncium in patria cum indulgencia et scriptura earundem 8s. 8d. Et in. . . . eno et papiro emptis pro aliis necessariis in fabrica, 4s. Et in scriptura indenturæ Johannis Plummer et ordinacione cementariorum de novo‡ 3s. 4d. . . . . ra aliorum necessariorum per annum in fabrica, 2s. 6d. Summa 18s. 6d.

*Thomas de Fernilawe was at this time the chancellor of the church. Was he the donor of this bell ?

This belfry was in the south transept, and was covered with lead. It probably contained two bells.

These documents will be found in the Appendix.

PICTURA CELURÆ SUPRA MAGNUM ALTARE.*

celuræ supra magnum convencione, 47s. 3d.

Et in pictura

altare cum stellis per Ricardum Kyng, ex

Summa 47s. 3d.

FEODA MINISTRORUM. Et in feodo custodis fabricæ, cum scriptura compoti, hoc anno, 8l. 13s. 4d. Et in feodo contrarotulatoris sui, per annum, cum scriptura compoti sui, 53s. 4d. Et in feodo janitoris, per annum, 10s. Et in feodo collectoris

firmarum infra civitatem per annum, cum scriptura compoti sui, 7s. 8d. Et in feodo procuratoris fabricæ apud Topcliff, per annum, 13s. 4d. Et in feodo custodis orologii, per annum, 6s. 8d. Summa 131. 4s. 4d.

RESOLUTIO Redditus. Et in redditu resoluto Priori Sancti Andreæ de redditu inter portam Ecclesiæ et Bouthom, per annum, 33s. 4d. Et in redditu soluto canonicis vicariis et aliis ministris Ecclesiæ pro obitu Roberti de Pynchebek, 33s. 4d. Et in redditu soluto ij vicariis Ecclesiæ celebrantibus pro animabus Petri de Roos et Roberti de Pynchebek, 67. 13s. 4d. soluti j capellano celebranti apud Topclif pro Domino de Percy, C.S. Et in redditu soluto ballivis Domini de Percy pro j tenemento apud Tadcastre, per annum, 13d. ob. Sunima 157. 13 d.

Et

CURIALITATES. Et dati cementariis in le pleghdait de curialitate, ex consuetudine, 20s. Dati vj carpintariis in eodem die, de curialitate, 2s. In potu dato super singulis solucionibus in uno.... 13s. In potu dato communibus operariis in fabrica et apud Usee, per annum, 35s. 6d. Summa 70s. 6d.

(EXPENSE MINUTE). Et in mundacione unius magnæ latrinæ in redditu ex consuetudine, 3s. 4d. In pakthred empto pro celura, 5d. In vj bollis et iiij grossis discis emptis pro fabrica, 2s. 6d. In eisdem reparandis et ligandis pro operariis ibidem, 6d. In ij kywell emptis de novo pro logis, 3s. In iiij cultellis emptis pro predicto logio, 18d. In.... clavibus pro logio et magna latrina emptis, 6d. In ij aprons et cirotecis

*The erection of the partition-wall, to separate the old choir from the new work, would probably necessitate the re-decoration of the ceiling of the roof above the high altar. Some farther remarks upon the "celura," mentioned in this roll, will be given immediately. An architectural friend of mine suggests that this painted ceiling was a flat roof which was put up in the great tower, to which place the high altar was probably removed during the building of the choir. He thinks that the presbytery was now completed, and the re-building of the choir going on, and that, on that account, it was necessary to remove the high altar to a more convenient place. It is, however, not very probable that the works in the choir were begun so early as 1371, and even if it were so, it would scarcely be necessary to remove the high altar for some time after their commencement.

The pledge-day, when the workmen swore to observe the orders which the Chapter had ordained for their management. The orders will be found in the Appendix, and the workmen swore to observe them at least once a year.

...

emptis pro cementariis in fabrica, 2s. 4d. Et in operacione iij buketts in astillar' et in vestiario, 18d. Et in j boner empto pro domo Magistri Roberti de Patryngton, 18d. Et in emendacione rotæ in fabrica per ij vices. . . . ferro per Robertum Wauton 8s. 4d. Et in emendacione lectrinæ in choro, 3s. 4d. Et in haspis et stapils emptis pro berefrido, 12d. Et in viij rotis emptis pro polees in fabrica, 8d. In visco empto pro tabulis firmandis 2d. Et in besomns et wengges emptis pro mundacione Ecclesiæ, 6d. In j rigald empto pro tebula in tesa (urario) 7d. In j waynscot pro eadem, precii 3d., et j p . . . . semons, precii 18d., 21d. In iij tignis in fabrica emendenda, 8d. In emendacione paviamenti ante portam cimiterii 8s. 1d. In emendacione domus redditualis de diversis necessariis 10s. 24d. In j corda empta pro fonte astillar' 10d. In j maliot empto pro fabrica, 5d. Inj muliere conducta per annum apud Usce pro instrumentis fabrica custodiendis, 12d. In prebenda empta (j equo, interlined) pro mortuario domini Willelmi de Dalton* per ij dies et ij noctes, 8d. In xviij lewors emptis pro fabrica, 18d. In turvis emptis pro vitriario 6d. Dati custodibus fabrica de curialitate Capituli pro anno precedente, cs. In cirotecis datis carpentariis pro elevacione magnæ celuræ† 4s. 6d. In rota de ere empta pro j polee 3s. 4d. In j ladell empto pro le led hous 3s. 4d. Et dati ij apparatoribus portantibus literas excommunicationis in civitatem, 2s. Summa, 87. 10s. 6d.

SUMMA OMNIUM EXPENSARUM ET SOLUCIONUM 6227. 9s. 4d. ET SIC RESTANT 1777. 19s. 94d.

* Prebendary of Knaresbro' at York, and canon of Lincoln, Lichfield, and Howden. He was also rector of Houghton-le-Spring, Durham. He died in the summer of 1371. Mr. Browne is, therefore, wrong when he assigns this roll to the year 1370, unless Dalton gave his own mortuary.

+ A most valuable and remarkable entry. There are several notices of the ceiling in this roll. 10,000 Scotsem nails are bought "pro celura," at the cost of 41s. 8d. Two large trees, 80 rigalds, and 500 wainscots are purchased "pro celura." Five roods and a qr. of timber are sawn for it, sixteen "keyes" are wrought for it at the cost of £4. Packthread is purchased for it, and, finally, we have the interesting item to which this note is appended. These items are gathered from different parts of the roll. There is also a charge of 47s. 3d. for painting the ceiling above the high altar with stars. Mr. Browne places all these notices together, and refers them to the reredos of the high altar. In this opinion I cannot agree with him. The high altar, it will be remembered, occupied its old position in the old choir. Its position, however, was merely a temporary one, as the presbytery was now far advanced, and the gradual destruction of the old choir in which the high altar stood was now imminent. Is it, then, at all probable that the Chapter would waste a large sum of money in constructing "a large ceiling" for a part of the church which was speedily to be destroyed? Again, such a reredos, or ceiling, or whatever it is called, if it was made for the old choir, would not be appropriate for the new one. It would be too short, and in every way useless. The painting of the ceiling above mentioned must, of course, specially relate to the high altar, but we may refer it either, as has been before said, to the

III.-COMPOTUS

CUSTODIS FABRICE, ANNO (MCCCxcix.)

DEEST CAPUT ROTULI.*

VENDICIO STAURI.† Et de 2s. ditis Magistro Johanni Staynton. venditis Roberti Holme. Et de 2s. clesiæ Sancti Johannis ultra Usam.

8d. de ij miell calcis venEt de 20d. de lapidibus de lapidibus venditis ecEt de 3s. 9d. de xv stellis

decoration of the roof above, or to the ornamentation of some old reredos, which, it may be supposed, existed.

It is plain, therefore, that the "great ceiling" cannot, with any propriety, be applied to the paltry decoration of the old high altar, neither can it have any connexion with the old choir, upon which the hand of the restorer had not yet been laid. No work was now going on in any portion of the church but one, and by an exhaustive division, therefore, we must conclude that the "great ceiling" referred to was the framework of wood which was placed upon the walls of the presbytery. We cannot, indeed, say that it was the whole of the roof; but the adjective "magnus" certainly gives us the notion of magnitude and extent. The quantity of timber purchased in the course of the year is but small, but there might be much more in the store-house, and a much greater part of the framework might be ready for use than could be wrought out of the few trees which were bought during the year. We cannot but think that the presbytery would be quite ready for its roof after the masons had been employed upon it for ten years, and if this was put upon it nearly two years before Archbishop Thoresby's death, Stubbs may be entirely justified when he says that that prelate "capellam Virginis Mariæ miribili artis sculptura atque notabili pictura peregit."

*Between the rolls II. and III. there is an unfortunate interval of twentyeight years, and there is very little collateral information to tell us how the fabric was proceeding.

After the decease of Archbishop Thoresby in 1373, we are not surprised to hear that the work which was commenced by him languished for some time. The loss of his munificent donations deprived the fabric fund of a large portion of its revenue, and Archbishop Neville did not follow the example of his predecessor. His many misfortunes, together with the commotions of the times, could not fail to impede the progress of the new choir. Therefore it was that its erection extended over a period of at least twenty-seven years, when, with ordinary means and activity, it could have been completed in eleven or twelve.

The presbytery, as we have seen, was finished before Thoresby died, and its towering walls and roof would present a striking and painful contrast to the humble choir of Archbishop Roger, which was still standing. Several years after Thoresby's death, were spent, as we may believe, in comparative inactivity. In 1377 the annual income of the fabric was increased by the appropriation of the church of Misterton; and it was, perhaps, after this, that the building of the choir really commenced in earnest. In 1385 the Chapter take a lease of the quarry of Huddleston for eighty years, a circumstance which proves that they were in want of stone. In 1390 a complaint is made that the progress of the work was delayed. The present roll, belonging to the year 1399, is the next document that comes before us. The walls of the choir must have been now completed and ready for the roof. Accordingly, we find great preparations for it in the gathering together of timber and other necessary materials.

Under the very comprehensive title of Old Stores, we occasionally meet with some very curious items. The old images which were sold to a painter probably formed a portion of the painted woodwork of the old choir, and the stars of lead would probably be used at St. Sampson's, for decorating the roof.