capiente per sept. 3s. . . . Et soluti. . . . ment' op. ibidem per j sept. et v. dies sic cap. Et soluti j cementario op. ibidem per

presbytery (the whole of which is still called the Lady Chapel), we know that there was an altar to the Virgin, and many traces of painting may still be found there. We know, also, that before or near that altar (exactly as described by the chronicler), Leland found the monuments of seven archbishops, with Thoresby in the middle. We know that Torre, who could never have seen Leland, identifies these tombs, and that Drake, and every other writer, follows in his wake. And within the memory of man seven similar stones, with effaced inscriptions, occupied the same position. We know, also, that Thoresby began (at least) the presbytery in which this altar is placed, and there is no evidence to shew that he did much in any other part of the church. We are brought, therefore, irresistibly to the conclusion which every other writer has arrived at, that the great altar to the Virgin which Thoresby erected, is in the centre of the present presbytery, or Lady Chapel.

The position of the altar to the Virgin, "in novo opere chori," being thus ascertained to be in the presbytery, we may gather, from the words of the chronicler, a pretty correct notion of the progress that had been made in the building of that part of the church. We cannot believe that the Archbishop would begin to decorate his chantry with exquisite sculpture and painting if the presbytery was without a roof.

In the present roll, which records the expenditure of the year 1371, there is, I think, suflicient evidence to shew that the roof was actually placed upon the presbytery in that year. If this was the case, the Archbishop might safely proceed with his decoration of the altar, and place before it the tombs of his predecessors, without any fear of accident.

If the roof was thus erected, the walls must necessarily have been completed. It appears that some Huddleston stone has been used, and from the fact that there is no evidence to shew that the Chapter had any right over that famous quarry before the year 1385, Mr. Browne argues that the presbytery was not completed till after that year. The presence of that stone, which only appears here and there, may easily be accounted for from the circumstance that the materials of the hall at Sherburn, which is close to Huddleston, were granted to the use of the fabric in 1361. In 1385 the Chapter take a lease of the quarry for eighty years, and we cannot believe that they would do so if they had had no experience of the quality of the stone.

I am sorry to differ so entirely from the conclusions of my laborious predecessor, Mr. Browne, on the above-mentioned points. Archbishop Thoresby speaks of the want of a place in the minster suitable for the daily mass of the Virgin, and he supplied that want, I am persuaded, by the altar which, according to Stubbs, he erected in the presbytery. Mr. Browne thinks that this daily celebration was reserved to the high altar, and yet the extracts which he gives from the wills of Robert Wolveden and several others, entirely contradict his theory. He also assigns the seven stones, which all the historians of the minster concur in ascribing to the Archbishops, to six other persons, one of whom in his will desires merely to be buried at the east end of the church, and the other near the Percy Chapel. Again, he removes Archbishop Thoresby from the company of his predecessors, and ascribes to him that tomb in the nave which has been too frequently given to Archbishop Roger: a tomb which must have been erected at least a century after Thoresby's death.

Mr. Browne considers that the chapel of the Virgin, which Thoresby built, is that dedicated to the Virgin and the holy angels, which was adjacent to the nave. There is no evidence whatever for this. He also thinks that Thoresby removed the bodies of his predecessors (mentioned by Stubbs) into the same place. There is, however, no record of any burial in that chapel. Again, it is never called the chapel of St. Mary, alone; it occasionally is termed "St. Sepulchre's," but in the majority of cases it is the chapel of St. Mary and the Holy Angels. I cannot,

ij sept. cap. per sept. 2s. 6d. .. ... Et soluti j cementario op. ibidem per dictum tempus cap. per sept. 2s. 6d., 5s. Et soluti iij cementaris op. ibidem per idem tempus, quolibet cap. per sept. 2s. 4d., 14s. Et soluti j cementario operanti ibidem per j sept. iiij dies di. sic cap. 4s. 3d. Et soluti v cementaris op. ibidem per idem tempus, quolibet cap. per sept. 2s., 20s. Et soluti iiij cementaris op. ibidem per dictum tempus, quolibet cap. per sept. 20d., 13s. 4d. Summa 81. 19s. 2d.*

STIPENDIA CARPUNTARIORUM. Magistro Philippo,† magistro carpuntariorum fabricæ, per lij sept. capienti per sept. 3s., 71. 16s. Johanni Couper op. ibidem per lij sept. cap. per sept. 3s., 77. 16s. Willelmo de Walleby op. ibidem per 36 sept. cap. per sept. 3s., 108s. Willelmo de Dalton op. per 15 sept. et dimidium diem, 45s. 3d. Johanni de Galtrys op. per 10 sept. cap. 30s. Roberto de Thoresby op. per 52 sept. cap. per sept. 2s. 6d., 67. 10s. Johanni de Wagby op. per 42 sept. cap. per sept. 2s. 6d., 105s. Johanni de Welles op. per 41 sept. cap. per sept. 2s. 6d. 132s. 6d. Summa 417. 12s. 9d.

COMMUNES OPERARII. Henrico de Chestre operario in fabrica per 50 sept. cap. per sept. 20d., et eidem pro tunica sua, 3s. 4d., 41. 6s. 8d. Nicholao de Miton, op. ibidem per 33 sept. cap. per sept. 18d., et eidem pro tunica sua 3s. 4d., 52s. 10d. Johanni Lister op. per 52 sept. cap. per sept. 16d., et eidem pro tunica sua 3s. 4d., 72s. 8d. Willelmo de Goldesburgh op. per 52 sept. cap. 16d., per sept., et eidem pro tunica sua 3s. 4d., 72s. 8d. Thomæ de Clyfton op. per 52 sept. cap. per sept. 16d., eidem pro tunica sua 3s. 4d., 72s. 8d. Johanni de Akum op. per 52 sept. cap. per sept. 16d., et eidem pro tunica sua 3s. 4d., 72s. 8d. Henrico Alan op. per 52 sept. cap. per sept. 16d., et eidem pro tunica therefore, resist the conclusion, that the chapel to the Virgin, built by Thoresby, and before which he rests, is in the presbytery, that there is an appropriate union with her divine Son and protector St. John, she was daily revered, and that Thoresby finished that noble portion of his scheme during his life. The roll before me seems to intimate that the roof was erected nearly two years before his death, and he could, therefore, leisurely prepare his own sepulchre among the bones of his predecessors, a fitting resting-place for the most pious of the successors of Paulinus.

*The wages, it will be observed, were paid once a fortnight, and I have given a single fortnight's expenditure as a specimen of the rest. On August 28th the sum of the fortnightly payment was 8. 10s. 5d. On Sept. 11, 8. 11s. 8d. On Sept. 25, 87. 17s. 2d. On Oct. 25 (given above), 8l. 19s. 2d. On Nov. 8, 8. 17s. 10d. On Nov. 22, 87. 19s. 4d. On Dec. 6, 8l. 17s. 10d. On Dec. 20, 8. 19s. 10d. On Jan. 3, 8. 11s. 10d. The sum total of the expenditure on masons wages for the year, amounts to 2457. 8s. 6d. From this we may conclude that the year had been one of great activity in the masons' yards, especially in the the spring and summer. The number of masons employed is a considerable one, and, judging from the wages, they may be divided into several classes. The master mason was Robert de Patrington.

+ Philip de Lincoln, about whom some notices will be given hereafter.

sua 3s. 4d., 72s. 8d. Roberto Lister op. per 52 sept. cap., per sept. 16d., et eidem pro tunica sua 3s. 4d., 72s. 8d. Johanni de Alnewyk operanti* ibidem per 3 sept. cap. per sept. 16d., et per unum diem dim. 44d., et eidem pro tunica sua 2s., 43s. 8d. Johanni Phylip operanti ibidem per 13 sept., cap. per sept. 16d., 17s. 4d. Johanni de Byngham operario ibidem per 13 sept., cap. per sept. 16d., et per unum diem dim. 44d., 17s. 8d. Radulpho de Cundale operanti ibidem per 9 sept. cap. per sept. 16d., 12s. David de Wallys operanti ibidem per 52 sept. cap. per sept. 15d., et eidem pro tunica sua 3s. 4d., 68s. 4d. Willelmo Coke operanti ibidem per 6 sept., cap. per sept. 16d., 8s. Johanni Tyrell operanti ibidem per 14 sept., cap. per sept. 15d., 17s. 6d. Rogero de Ottelay operanti ibidem per 166 dies, cap. per diem 34d., et eidem pro tunica sua 2s., 50s. 5d. Johanni Elysman operanti ibidem per 96 dies, cap. per diem 3d., 28s. Roberto de Ottelay operanti ibidem in logio per 41 sept., cap. per sept. 10d., 34s. 2d. Summa

437. 12s.

STIPENDIUM FABRI. Et soluti fabro pro reparacione instrumentorum cementariorum per totum annum per talliam super singulis solucionibus ostensam, 77s. Summa 77s.

CUSTUS QUARERE ET CARIACIO LAPIDUM. Et in 20 damlad lapidum cariandis de quarera de Thevedall usque Leonard lendyng per Willelmum Driffeld et socios suos cap. pro singulo damlad 16s., ut patet per indenturam in anno precedenti, 167., et inde allocatur nobis pro mundacione quareræ et reparacione instrumentorum 67. 13s. 4d., et sic summa 91. 6s. 8d. Et in 8 doliis lapidum cariandis de Tadcastre usque Ebor. per Willelmum Driffeld, 12s. Et in 40 damlad lapidum remanentibus in anno precedenti apud Leonard lendyng et cariandis usque cimiterium, 47. Et Willelmo Custson pro fractione, sinnilacione et mundacione quareræ pro 80 damlad lapidum perquirendis 327. Et in predictis 80 damlad lapidum cariandis de quarera usque Qwerf, præter 26s. 8d., datos eisdem in omnibus pro bonccate 147. 13s. 4d. Et. damlad lapidum cariandis de Tadcastre usque Leonard lendyng per aquam 207. Et in 48 damlad lapidum de eisdem cariandis de Leonard lendyng usque ad cimiterium, 67. Et in 26 carectatis lapidum cariandis de quarera, usque Ebor. per Novell et Bossell, 54s. 2d. Et in expensis pro denudacione novæ quareræ in principio anni, vidilicet, 3 rodas in grosso, 46s. 8d. Et in expensis ibidem pro quarera èligenda per computantem et magistrum cementariorum et alios ministros per unum

* Hitherto, the word operarius has been used, the word operans is now introduced. Operarius probably means a regular labourer who was attached to the fabric, whilst operans is used of a person casually employed.

diem 5s. 4d. Et in 2 novis mall' emptis pro quarera frangenda de Johanne de Marschall, 21s. Et in 24 weggis ferri de novo fabricandis et aliis instrumentis emendis, 12s. Et in potu dato quarratoribus ibidem per diversas vices, 4s. Et in potu dato cariantibus lapides ibidem per diversas vices, 2s. Et in potu navigantibus, per vices, 2s. 6d. Et in potu dato cariantibus lapides in Ebor., per vices, 8d. Et dati forestar' domini de Vavasor* pro curialitate sua facta ministris quereræ 6s. 8d. Summa 941. 7s.

EMPCIO CALCIS. Et in 206 mel' calcis emptis de Hugone 81. Et in 144 mel' calcis cariandis, dando pro la mel' 2d., et 6d. ad potum., 30s. 6d. Et in 90 mel' calcis remanentibus in compoto precedenti cariandis, dando ut supra, 18s. 9d. Summa 107. 9s. 3d.

CARIACIO SABULI. Et in 380 quartereis sabuli emptis et cariandis usque cimiterium, 66s. Summa 66s.

EMPCIO CALIBIS. Et idem computat hic in ferro empto quia de stauro anni precedentis. Et in 8 garbis calibis emptis pro cementariis, 10s. 8d. Summa 10s. 8d.

EMPCIO CERE ET ROSYN. Et in v lb. ceræ emptis pro cementariis 2s. 1d. Et in 10 lb. de rosyn emptis pro eisdem 20d. Et in 3 petris cepi emptis pro cables unguendis, 4s. 6d. Summa

8s. 3d.

EMPCIO CLAVORUM. Et in 100 brags emptis pro le schaffald in fabrica, 3s. Et in 10.m de Scotsomnail emptis pro celura, dando pro c. 5d., 41s. 8d. Et in iiij.c grossis spikyngs emptis, 2s. 8d. Et in iij.m midelspikynges emptis pro campanis et aliis necessariis in fabrica hoc anno, 15s. Et in m. brods emptis pro domo scolarium cooperienda, 18d. Et in 3 ceruris emptis pro 3 hostiis in fabrica 3s. 4d. Summa 67s. 2d.

CUSTUS PLUMBARII ET VITRIARII. Et soluti Johanni Plummer pro feodo suo pro terminis de quibus (sic) scilicet de termino Martini ante principium compoti 20s. per preceptum Capituli, ut patet per inventarium, 60s. Et in 20 doliis vacuis emptis pro coopertura ecclesiæ in stauro habendis, cum cariagio 13s. 4d. Et in fynyng de cclvi petris de cineribus plumbi, dando pro petra 1d., 23s. Et in charcole empto pro cineribus liquendis 5s. Et in bollis, j sokeiren, j pari belowes, et cervisia emptis, 4s. 7d. Et in cc.x. petris plumbi operatis super campana orologii, et in aliis locis necessariis 8s. 9d. Et Willelmo de Aukland vitriario per mensem operanti ibidem 9s. 4d. Et in

*The Vavasours of Haslewood were the owners of the quarry at Thevesdale, whence this stone for the minster was taken. An account of the family, and a few notices of the quarries which were used for the erection of the minster, will be given afterwards.

c de vitro emptis de Edmundo Pictore, 26s. 8d.

81. 8d.

Summa

CUSTUS MEREMII. Et in ij magnis arboribus emptis pro celura, de Johanne de Ledes 13s. 4d. Et in lxxx rigald emptis pro eadem cum cariagio, 40s. Et in cc de waynscot bod emptis pro eadem, 48s. Et in ccc de waynscot bod emptis pro eadem, 63s. Et in eisdem cariandis 3s. 4d. Et in v pipis vacuis pro palis juxta domum Roberti de Neuton* emptis, 12s. 4d. Et in cc de firspars pro le scaffald et scalis et aliis necessaris pro fabrica emptis, 36s. Et in vj magnis arboribus emptis pro januis ecclesiæ reparandis et operandis de novo 25s. 1d. Et in j magno clog empto pro bandes pro dictis januis, 2s. Summa 121.

5s. ld.

SARRACIO MEREMII. Et in v rodis j quart. sarrandis de meremio fabricæ pro celura, dando pro roda 3s. 4d., 17s. 6d. Et in xij rigald sarrandis, dando pro pecia 14d., 18d. Et in lx waynscot sarrandis pro orologio et aliis necessariis in fabrica, 3s. 9d.

Summa 22s. 9d.

EMPCIO CANABI. Et in j magno cable empto apud Hull cum cariagio ejusdem usque Ebor. 31s. Et in jolraps, hausors et giraps et aliis cordis emptis, 19s.

Summa 50s.

CUSTUS TEGULARUM ET STIPENDIA TEGILLARIORUM. Et in m.ccccc tegulis emptis pro domo scolarium cooperanda, cum cariagio, 15s. 9d. Et in tegulacione ejusdem domus ex convencione 16s. 8d. Et in cooperacione et emendacione domus redditualis hoc anno, 4s. Summa 36s. 5d.

EXPENSE FACTE APUD TOPCLIF. Et in emendacione et reparacione grangiæ de Skipton super Swale 41s. 1d. Et Johanni Plummer pro viij rodis di. chori ecclesiæ de Topclif emendandis, dando eidem pro singula roda 7s. 6d., 63s. 10d. Et soluti eidem Johanni pro capella Beatæ Mariæ in cimiterio ecclesiæt predictæ de novo cooperienda cum vj fothers et vj petris plumbi, 6d., ad potum 50s. 6d. Et in xx doliis vacuis emptis pro eadem per eundem Johannem cum cariagio 14s. 3d. Et in viiij.m de lednail emptis pro choro et pro capella, dando pro m. 3s. 4d., 26s. 8d. Et in iij.m de magnis spikyng emptis pro eisdem 20s. Et in m de Scotsemnail emptis pro eisdem 2s. 6d. Et in j cerura empta pro hostio predictæ capella 2s. Et in ligaminibus ferreis dicti hostii et aliis necessariis reparandis 13s. Et in emendacione

*Chamberlain of the Church.

The church of Topcliffe was given to the Chapter of York at an early period by the family of Percy. It was attached to the fabric, and a considerable sum of money was annually received from it. In the chapel of the Blessed Virgin was a chantry for the Percies, the priest being found and supported by the Chapter. The Church of Topcliffe has been recently restored.