on for the production of movement. We put in jeopardy the well-being of his body may, moreover, fairly suppose such an activ- at large. ity to be beneficial to the other co-operative organs of the body as well as to the muscular machine itself. What is good for the muscles of the trunk and limbs will be good also for that muscular organ, the heart, and through the strengthening of the heart the whole of the body will be invigorated. Every organ, too, will be encouraged to a larger work by the stress thrown upon it; for the benefit of exercise is not confined to muscle only, but may be witnessed in every tissue or particle that has life. We might, then, bid the athlete to eat as much meat as he can; but we must at the same time warn him to beware of interfering with general health. Some part of him would suffer through a lack of starch and fat in the food, while, on the other hand, he might push forward his tissue-changes so far that the body would be unable to get rid of the accumulated waste products. In either case discomfort or distress would put a limit to his working power. He must be careful, even for the sake of his muscles, never to In fact, it is a very fair question for inquiry whether health is not after all the one sole condition of strength? Is there not for each man a certain harmony of his corporeal members essential to the due growth and full power of each member, whichever it may be, and reaching perfection only when each member is perfect too? Is there not a normal diet, the diet of true health, different for different men, but fixed for the same man, whatever be the use to which he put his body? To such a diet there would of course be the correlative task, the fixed amount of labour which a man must undergo as an element of health and strength quite as essential as food itself. On all these matters, crude, unlearned experience can never pass an unassailable judgment; the final appeal must be made to physiology. But at present, as we have seen, the voice of physiology, though it is often echoed very loudly, is only an uncertain sound. M. FOSTER, JUN. No. 1170. Fourth Series, No. 31. 3 November, 1866. POETRY: By the Waters of Babylon, 258. The War Blacksmith, 320. NEW BOOKS. THE LIFE OF SIMON BOLIVAR. By Dr. Felix Larrazabal. Vol. 1. New York: American News Company. A. Williams & Co., Boston. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY LITTELL, SON, & CO., BOSTON. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR EIGHT DOLLARS, remitted directly to the Publishers, the Living Age will be punctually forwarded for a year, free of postage. But we do not prepay postage on less than a year; nor where we have to pay commission for forwarding the money. Price of the First Series, in Cloth, 36 volumes, 90 dollars. Second The Complete work 20 66 50 80 220 Any Volume Bound, 3 dollars; Unbound, 2 dollars. The sets, or volumes, will be sent at the expense of the publishers. BY THE WATERS OF BABYLON. B. C. 570. HERE where I dwell I waste to skin and bone; As Sodom and Gomorrah scourged by fire, His law is loud against us to condemn : Inheriting corruption and the dark, Are outcast from His presence which we crave. Our Mercy hath departed from His Ark, Our Glory hath departed from His rest, Our Shield hath left us naked as a mark Unto all pitiless eyes made manifest. Our very Father hath forsaken us, Our God hath cast us from Him: we oppressed Unto our foes are even marvellous, A hissing and a butt for pointing hands, Their sweets and spices and their tender green, O'er them in noontide heat outspread their shield. Yet these are they whose fathers had not been we smote And with their blood washed their pollutions clean, Purging the land which spewed them from its throat; Their daughters took we for a pleasant prey, Choice tender ones on whom the fathers doat. Now they in turn have led their own away; Our daughters and our sisters and our wives Estrangement of their exile, twice accursed His covenanted and most righteous wrath : Who swept the Red Sea dry before our feet, Whilst God Almighty hunts and grinds us O Lord, remember David, and that soon. thus; For He hath scattered us in alien lands, Our priests, our princes, our anointed king, And bound us hand and foot with brazen bands. Here while I sit my painful heart takes wing Home to the home-land I must see no more, And fail not, where I dwelt in days of yore Reap all the corners of my harvest-field, To them my trees, to them my garden yield The Glory hath departed, Ichabod ! And blot me from the Book which Thou hast writ; Thy Name will I remember in thy praise, Ånd call to mind Thy faithfulness of old, Though as a weaver Thou cut off my days, And end me as a tale ends that is told. CHRISTINA G. ROSSETTI. Macmillan's Magazine. From the Cornhill Magazine. CLOUGH'S LIFE AND POEMS. at that time from Rugby. They forcibly illustrate the power and nature of Dr. Arnold's influence, the high moral atmosphere which pervaded the school, and the ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH was born at almost unhealthy sense of responsibility and Liverpool in 1819. His lineage was of premature importance which was forced some antiquity and distinction; among his upon the older boys. Life between the age ancestors he counted a great-granddaughter of ten and nineteen was already a most of Henry VII. Not long before his birth serious thing to some of Arnold's pupils. his father, the third son of a family of ten They worked at their own education and children, left the Welsh valleys in which the at the improvement of their little world as Cloughs had been established for about three consciously and zealously as a London clercenturies, and settled as a merchant in Liv- gyman among his flock, or a philosopher inerpool. When Arthur was four years old tent on the production of a new system, the whole family removed to Charleston in combining self-culture and missionary laSouth America, where his childhood was bours in one continued effort of elaborate passed in close companionship with his mo- earnestness. Clough was soon filled with ther. Mrs. Clough seems to have been a the spirit of the place, which showed itself remarkable woman. She laid in her son's in a profound belief that Rugby was "the character the foundation of that earnestness best of all public schools, which are the best and sense of duty which was afterwards to kind of schools!" Nor was he content to be developed by the influence of Dr. Arnold. enjoy the advantages of his position merely : In this respect Arthur Clough formed no he felt himself an integral part of the sysexception to the rule that great mothers tem, a member on whom in a great measure are most important in the formation of its welfare was dependent, and who was great men. She had no love of beauty," bound to sacrifice his own interests when says her daughter, "but stern integrity was needful to the common good. "I sometimes at the bottom of her character. She loved think." he writes, "of giving up fagging what was grand, noble, and enterprising, hard here, and doing all my extra work in and was truly religious. There was an the holidays, so as to have my time here enthusiasm about her that took hold of us, free for these two objects:-1st, the imand made us see vividly the things that she provement of the school; 2nd, the publicataught us." With this mother Clough read tion and telling abroad of the merits of the Pope's Iliad and Odyssey, the lives of school by means of the Magazine." These Leonidas, Epaminondas, and Columbus, and ideas governed his whole school life. Much the history of the Protestant struggles in of his time was spent in conducting the the Netherlands, shaping his early ideal of Rugby Magazine, and in extending his pernobleness by such examples of heroic self-sonal influence by "associating with fellows devotion to great causes. He was graver for their good." The vigour of his language and more thoughtful than other boys, apt is not a little remarkable. "I verily beto use set phrases, and not a little pedantic in his views of life. At the age of ten he writes to tell his sister that the holidays are going to begin in these solemn words: "The summer vacation is now just approaching, after which time we shall be conducted, either by uncle Alfred or uncle Charles, to Rugby, which is not far from Leamington, at which place cousin Eliza is at school." His letter ends with this elaborate sentence: "Were you not grieved to hear that magnificent building, York Minster, had been partly destroyed through the destructive means of fire?" Clough's family remained at Charleston, while he was sent to school at Rugby and his brother George to Chester. It was then that the most remarkable period in his life began, a period of promise and hope which were destined to much disappointment. It is worth while to dwell upon his letters written lieve my whole being is soaked through with the wishing and hoping and striving to do the school good, or rather to keep it up and hinder it from falling in this (I do think) very critical time, so that all my cares and affections and conversation, thoughts. words, and deeds look to that involuntarily." At another time he says, - "I don't know which to think the greatest, the blessing of being under Arnold, or the curse of being without a home" And again, " At school, where I am loved by many, and where I am living under, and gathering_wisdom from, a great and good man, such a prospect makes me tremble, for it seems to be too fair for earth." At the same time he writes to his younger brother, impressing upon his softer mind the duties of practical religion, of steadiness of aim, and of constant striving against indolence. There was little indolence in Clough's life at that time. Indeed, though vigorous by constitu- | the younger men," asking you your opinions tion and athletic in his habits, his health on every possible subject of this kind you seems to have been greatly broken by too assiduous study and premature anxiety. Perhaps we may be inclined to think that there is something morbid in all this. Yet, allowing for the peculiar tone which Rugby under Arnold's influence acquired, we must admire this single-hearted interest in the welfare of a school, this enthusiasm for the character of a great teacher, this constant shaping of daily thoughts and actions to a high unselfish end. We cannot but feel that for a boy, as well as for a man, such a moral condition is good. We cannot but compare this spirit, if overstrained yet vigorous, with the selfishness, low aims, and lack of purity in many schools. Unfortunately, it was excessive. Clough seems never to have recovered from the hotbed system of Rugby. His physical and mental health suffered in consequence of that precocious development. When he entered the larger world of Oxford, with principles adapted to the sphere which he had left, he seemed to have lost the plasticity of youth. Questions which might have proved a lighter burden to less conscious and formed characters, disturbed his peace; his old confidence was gone; and by the time of his leaving college for the world of London, one might already have applied to him what was originally said of a greater poet, "Il était un jeune homme d'un bien beau passé." One of the characteristics of the Rugbe ians of that day was a profound belief in the institution to which they belonged. They seemed never to forget that when other youths were boys they had been men; that while others had picked up ideas and opinions here and there by chance, they had received the sharp and glittering coinage of Arnold's brain. This made them, as all the members of a new and pushing body must he, somewhat insufferable. They formed themselves into" a high Arnold set," and sought the improvement of their college by extending to its members the advantage of possessing Rugby friends. Clough began his life at Balliol in this strain. A flourish of trumpets had preceded his reception as senior scholar of the year 1836, and the most brilliant career was expected of him. But he soon submitted to the genius of the place. Instead of proselytizing he seemed likely to become a proselyte. The doctrines of J. H. Newman and the Tractarian party were then disturbing Oxrd. Clough came under the influence of d, who was zealous in dialectics among can enumerate; beginning with Covent Garden and Macready, and certainly not ending till you got to the question of the moral sense and deontology." Nothing could be more different from the vigorous simplicity with which Arnold impressed' upon his pupils his own definite conclusions on intellectual or moral questions. Clough's philosophy was deranged: multitudes of things about which he thought he had attained to certainty, became unsettled; and he did not live long enough to regain a clear insight. Perhaps this was inevitable; the bent of his mind seems to have inclined him to an almost morbid scrupulousness, and to speculation without end. He equally distrusted his own instincts and the opinions of the world, while the moral sensitiveness to which he was constitutionally inclined had been augmented rather than diminished by his school life. Other men are able after a time to dismiss the insoluble problems which must suggest themselves to every thinking mind, or at least to entertain them only as matters of inquiry independent of the real concerns of life. But Clough carried them about with him; they formed the foreground and the background to all his pictures of the world; they hung like a thick cloud over his spirit. and lay like obstacles upon the path which he desired to tread. Thus the great force of character which in times of more settled opinion would have rendered him distinguished as a man of action was neutralized; and the genius which might have been employed upon some solid work of art, was frittered away and obscured by doubts. His own thoughts corroded the intellect which gave them birth, and the best powers of his nature were left to prey upon themselves. It may be asked why we should dwell upon this spectacle of a baffled intellect? Nor would it be easy to answer this question were it not for another side of Clough's character in which we see the real greatness of the man. Hampered as he always remained by the unsolved problems of the world, he was yet content to wait and trust though everything around him seemed coufused and dark. Such daily work as came to him he did with all his might. Above all things he refused to acquiesce in makebelieve religions and opinions of which he had discerned the hollowness. In the midst. of doubt about the proper object of lite, he never swerved from the conviction that there was a duty to be obeyed, a law of right and wrong which should not be trans |