[May] 10. The 10, beeing Friday, 70 horse which came out of Norfolke at their owne chardge conducted by Sir Wm. Drury, and intended for the service of my lord generall, were in requitall of the affeccion his countrey men showed him, honoured with the company of the lord generall him selfe and divers noblemen, and his owne company fetched them in to towne.

And the same day 5,000 men marched through the towne belonging to the lord generall, lord lieutenant generall, and the master of the ordinance.

[May] 11. The 11, beeing Saturday, was the first generall muster of the privy chamber men and others of his maiestie's neerest servants. Then our captains were chosen and wee afterwards were disciplined.

The Lord Chamberline was colonell or captain generall.
The Lord Carnarven, lieutenant colonell.

Sir Fluke Huncks, serjeant major.

Sir Henry Hungett, 21 quartermaster.

Mr. Bevill Greenevill, 22 captain lieutenant to the Lord Chamberlaine's company.

Mr. Fretzwell, cornet.

Captain Barker, one corporall. Quere the other.

Mr. Gilbert Byron, captain lieutenant to the Lord Carnarvon.

Mr. John Carey, cornet.

Two corporalls.

Sir Foulke Huncks, captain over a troupe of carbines.

Mr. John Mason, captain lieutenant.

Mr. Robert Sands, coronet.

Sir Ralph Hopton, captain over a company of carbines.

Mr. Jo. Hall, captain lieutenant.

Mr. Neale Mackworth, coronet.

Squire Heale,23 captain over a company of carbines.

The Lord Philip Harbert, captain over a troupe of carbines.
Captain Tho. Carn, captain lieutenant.

21 Sir Henry Hungate was knighted 20th April, 1619.

22 This name is altered from Sir Frederick Conwallis (sic). Sir Bevil Grenville was knighted 23rd June, 1639.

23 Sir John Hele was knighted at Berwick, 23rd June, 1639.

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24 Here is crossed through Mr. Beavall Greenvile, captain over a troupe of

carbines.'

The band of gentleman pensioners.25
William Earle of Salisbury, captaine.
George Lord Goring, lieutenant, absent.

Sir Edw. Capell, standardbearer, vice Lord Goring.
Mr. Tho. Wynne, clarke of the cheque.

Sir Ellis Hicks26 bore the standard.

[May] 20. The 20th, beeing Monday, all the privy chamber men and other of his majestie's nearest servants (the pensioners excepted, who were ever in a band by them selves) mustered and exercised in a feild neare the towne, and the king came on horsebacke to behold us. When the horse were cast into battalia, there were six cornetts flying in the head of the troupes. Two squadrons of gentlemen cuirassiers in the middle, flanckd on each hand with 2 squadrons of carbines; and the king was much pleased with the sight, and rode by every troupe, and by him selfe or the captaine's published his pleasing acceptacion of our affeccions to serve him; and to our troupe, the Lord Carnarvon, our commander, delivered the king's contentment to see us in this familiar complement, that the king commended his service to us, with thankes, and that hee received soe much delight in viewing us that wee must all meete againe the Wednesday following: but I believe his lordshipp delivered the message accordinge to his owne expression, and not from the king's mouth. This battalia of horse of the king's servants and theire attendants, I guesse not to be above 400, for wee were never above 10 in rancke and vi. deepe.

[May] 22. The 22nd of May, beeing Wednesday, wee were (by command the former day) to have shewed our horse againe, and beene disciplined, but some occurrences chandged those orders and wee were that day commanded by sound of trumpet to accompany our cornet and march towards Barwick.27

The king had heere received some intelligence of a defeate the Scots had given Marquisse Huntley about Aberdene, that they had surprised 3,000 armes sent to him by the king and some moneys in the towne, and that they had carryed the marquisse prisoner to Edenburgh Castle. This, or some such relation was brought the

25 Instituted in 1509 and now styled the Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms. 26 Sir Ellis Hicks was knighted 23rd September, 1635.

"In Hollar's rare and highly interesting engraving of 'The Severall Formes How King Charles his Armey enquarterd in the feilds being past New Castle on the march toward Scotland, Anno Domini 1639,' it is shown that five out of seven regiments of troops lodged on Bockenfield-moor, near Felton, on the 21st of May, that six regiments were quartered on Rock-moor on the 22nd of May, that the whole seven regiments were quartered near Detchant wood, Belford, on the 23rd of May, and that they were quartered on Goswick moor from the 24th to the 27th of May, on which latter day they marcht away to the Grand Leaguer' [between the villages of West Ord and Horncliffe]. This print is reproduced in the new History of Northumberland, vol. i. p. 400. In the Gough Collection in the Bodleian, vol. xxv. fol. 59, there is an early engraving entitled 'A Mapp of King Charles his Campe or Leager in the North," which forms a pendant to Hollar's print.

king to Mr. Lyddall's house in New-Castle by a Scottsh gentleman sent by a younger sonne of Marquisse Huntley's (the eldest beeing taken prisoner with his father) in the disguise of a fidler, and lest this plot should be discovered the marquisse's sonne, who sent him, within 3 dayes after made an escape out of Scotland by boate and came himselfe, and, as was reported, besought the king hee might have the conduct of some souldiours and hee would conquer his ennemies, but this was thought some Gibeonitish guile, and little credited by those who heard noe other of it than as before. Whether this were the truth of the message, and how it was relished by the king and counsell I cannot affirme.

But wee were soddainly (as before) commanded towards Barwicke, and that Wednesday night, May 22nd, I came to Stannington, three miles short of Morpit, and nine miles from Newcastle, and my buisines of preparation for the journey beeing not wholly finished, it was late in the afternoone before I set out, soe I began my journey just when the sunne sufferd an ecclipse; ite was darke and misty before I came to Stannington, and the way beeing pesterd28 with troupers, made mee stay and seeke a lodging in this poore villadge, it was not superstition stayed mee, though rumors beeing then uncertaine, and our departure soddaine, there wanted not those who construed this ecclipse as an ominous presage of bad successe to the king's affaires.

STANNINGTON. This was a very meane towne, and with much difficultie I got such a lodging at one widdow Gayles as was there to bee expected, soe meane and uncleanely as it made mee first feele the smart of backbiters in this journey.

Yet the villadge was remarkable for two accidents lately happening, the one fatall to it selfe, by the necgligent dischardge of a carbine (by one of the Lord Newport's horse troupe there billeted) out of a high window neare the eves of a thatched house. The powder of the panne taking fire in the thatch was undiscavered till by strength of the winde it grew to an unquencheable fire and wholly consumed 7 or 8 dwelling houses, whose ruines at my beeing there did lamentably witnesse the truth of it.

The other accident was not soe pitifull, but rather pleasing to see justice executed upon soe malicious a malefactor. It was this: :Some of Sir Jacob Asheley's29 regiment were quartered about South Sheilds neare New Castle, and there were courteously used by a bayliffe of Sir Nicholas Tempest's (whose demeasnes30 adjoined to their quarter) but they ill requited his pitty of them, with stealing his cattle and other outrages, which moved him to complaine to their colonell, who having severely punished the offendours, it begot such

28 Pestered = crowded, clogged, incumbered. The calendar is filled not to say pestered with them, jostling one another for room, many holding the same day in copartnership of festivity.' Fuller, Worthies of England, c. 3.

29 Ashley Astley. Sir Jacob Astley was knighted 17th July, 1624. 30 Flatworth. Cf. new History of Northumberland, vol. viii. p. 341, note 3.

a rancour in one of their hearts, that hee onely to please himselfe with an unchristian and unprofitable revenge upon the steward, fyred with his match a great stake of his master's hay (valued by report at 407.). This villaine, when hee was found out, was on Monday, the 20th of May, whiles all the army marched by, executed upon a new gibbett newly erected for him at the south end of Stannington towne, framed of some of the burnt timber of the fired houses, and this inscription fixed on the poast: 'for willfull and malicious burning of a stack of hay.' This was the first exemplary justice done in the army, and noe question but this and the strict martial lawes published in printe, was a bridle to base mindes onely awed with feare of punishment.

[May] 23. The 23, beeing Ascension day, his majestie stayed at New Castle to receive the communion, and in the afternoone hee came to ANWICK,31 where the earle of Northumberland hath an auncient castle and a great royalltie, but the castle was two ruinous to receive the king32: hee therefore lodged at the abbey, Sir Francis Brandlin's, and Mr. Henry Percy, who supplyed the earle's stead, lodged in the castle, and had a peculiar command given him (if I mistake not), of 300 horse raised by his brother.

I came to Anwick this afternoone, which was 15 mile, and heere, because the king was now neere Scotland, it was thought fitt there should bee a watch about the court, and, which souldiours affirme not to be usuall, there was a horse guard and sentinells placed just at the court gate. But this was rather to please the privy chamber men, who, because of their nearer attendance and extraordinary expence this journey, sought the first honour of watching the king's person, before the pensioners, who challendged it, and then stood in competition with them, and because the pensioners were designed to watch the king's pavillion when hee came to Gosswick, where the army was then set downe, the privy chamber men earnestly pressed for it, and were admitted to their owne trouble to keepe an unnecesary watch heere, and the Lord Chamberlaine's squadron began halfe of them that night, and began likewise to breake discipline, there happening a quarrell betweene Mr. Edw. Terringham

31 On May 23rd the King himself set forward to his first halt at Alnwick. Terry, Life and Campaigns of Alexander Leslie, p. 63.

32 The above description may be compared with what was written by one who accompanied the Duke of Cumberland's army in 1745:- After I had fully surveyed these ruins [of Alnwick Castle] by walking round the walls, I found it was formerly the most strong building (both as to a castle as well as a palace) that I ever saw. All around the battlements is full of effigies which the weather and great length of time has now quite defaced. The grand port, or gateway, as you enter, is as strong as any I have seen in Flanders, with everything belonging to modern fortification. In the garden there remains a most curious and plentiful fountain with many spouts (which still yield water) and several other old and ingenious contrivances amidst a great many vaulted walls now in ruins, as is the chapel.'-Journey through Part of England and Scotland along with the Army under the Command of H.R.H. the Duke of Cumberland. By a Volunteer, p. 47, second edition, London, 1747.

and Mr. Thinne, who, because Mr. Terringham had drawne his sword upon Thinn's man for loosing his horse (in the court of guard) and giving him unmannerly language, Thinne came in to the defence of his man, and the difference grew hot betwixt them, and when the watch was broke up, Terringham, by the king's command, was committed all day to the court of guard, not because hee was most in fault (as was supposed), but that hee beeing the king's auncient servant, and having gotten well in his service, would increase an affront from soe meane a fellow to a quarrell, or rather to wine popular applause with the extraordinary privy chamber men, who received noe benifitt by the court and yet were put to such expence, for that if they should receive but just checks, it would bee enough to breed discontent in them, over whom the king was allready not causelessly jealous, that they had noe great zeale to serve him in this quarrell for the pride and unlimited power of bishops. And the ill order in billiting the extraordinarie servants, the chardge and trouble they were put too for their carriadges, and the generall disregard they found, together with a consciousness of their ignorance in martiall discipline, and the little care taken to instruct them, the insufficiency of those officers that should doe it: the great bruite33 of the ennemye's strength and theire able commanders, did beget a distrust in most, and a murmure in others, which noe doubt tooke a deepe impression in the clergie, who were vigilant spies over all men's words and actions in this journey, and noe question rendred an account to their metropolitan how the pulse of the king's power did beate, and accordingly the councell given was either more sharpe or more remisse, and at last finding theire dignity (as they thought) betrayed, they feared a greater mischiefe if they had refused to bee soe deceived, as in the end they were.

[May.] The 24th beeing Friday, the Lord Carnarvon's troope was commanded away to Belford,34 12 mile, and were noe sooner come thither but were sent for back againe by Sir Henry Hungett, our quarter master, which bred confused thoughts in many to conjecture the cause. Some thought the Scotts had made an inroade into the countrey and were not farre of, and therefore the king would not adventure us soe farre onwards, and weaken his personall guard; others mentioned a great defeate given to the king's partie, they knew not well where; yet theise were mutterd with some confidence, as though

31745. From Alnwick 'our next day's march was to Belford twelve miles, a poor, small thoroughfare post-town having only one house for the reception of travellers. . . . Hereabouts we frequently saw countrymen plowing with four couple of oxen and one of horses, the ground being so hard and stony does here commonly require ten and twelve cattle, as also in many parts of Scotland we saw the same. This place was so small that we were obliged to be cantoned all over the adjacent villages. -Journey through Part of England and Scotland along with the Army under the Command of H.R.H. the Duke of Cumberland. By a Volunteer, p. 48, second edition, London, 1747.