cost they were now made very strong and usefull, and received to fitting purpose good store of cannon (and might well have beene furnished with more if neede had required). Upon the line comming from the

Lord Dunbarr's house was one iron peece.

The Mary Gate northward had two iron peeces over it, a great chamber in the mouth of it, and a little distance from the gate was a new redoubt, four square, made with pallisadoes round it, and a continull watch of musquetiers lay in it.

On the same line tending towards the east was annother bulwarke with three iron peeces planted on it.

Further eastward annother little bulwarke with three iron peeces. On the same line eastward a watch tower.

By it a little bulwarke new raised, with three iron peeces on it. Next that a great bulwarke with seven iron peeces on it.

Next to that, allmost due east, seven brasse peeces whereof two were very faire gunns.

The Cow-gate, three small brasse peeces in the mouth of the port. On the bulwarke by the windmill, on the same line, seven iron

peeces.

On the corner bulwarke, south east, eight iron peeces.

The Shoare-gate southward.

The Bridge-gate southward.

On the great bulwarke, south west, neare the great gate called New-gate, seven iron peeces.

Besides the walls that encompasse the towne there runns a line within, acrosse from the watch towre north east to the New-gate southwest, which is very strong and hath good batteries on it.

The totall of all the cannon upon the walls and in the ports were, besides the murdering peece,42 fifty-six.

The government of this towne was now committed to the earle of Lyndsay, who had a strong regiment of 2,500 men and good able captaines to command, besides which the Earle of New Castle with allmost 200 horse was quarterd in the towne, and kept watch day and night upon the bound43 roade a mile or 2 out of towne.

When the king was at Yorke, the Scotts were suspected to have a plot to surprise Barwick; soe the earle of Essex, with Sir Jacob Ashley, went speedily downe, and tooke the trained men of the bishoprick, and a regiment of Yorke-shire men, under the command of Sir Charles Vavisour and Sir Wm. Pennyman, and put them into the towne, and left Erneley44 commander over both regiments, lieutenantcolonell to Sir Jacob Ashley.

The Scotts abjured any such designe, intending ever (as they alleadged) noething but their owne defence.

All theise souldiours in the towne, and the army fast by, inhaunced the price of meate exceedingly, yet there were 12d. and 18d. ordinaries at first, where was reasonable good provision, but after a little

4: A great gun.

43

Cf. p. 31, post, note 61.

"Sir Michael Ernley, knighted 27 July, 1629.

while soe much company frequented them, and they were soe sharkd45 upon, they were forced to lay them downe, and I was constrained to dyett with my landlord at the rate of 9d. per meale. His name was Burges, a dyer: hee and his wife were very pure, and in their discourse would ever justifie the Scotts. I beleive hee was of their covenant, and soe were most of the towne, though they durst not openly shew it, there beeing noe reproach soe shamefull as to call them Covenanters.

They have two preachers in their towne, Mr. Dury, 46 a Scottshman, and Mr. Jemmet,47 an Englishman. Mr. Dury, by preaching obedience to the higher powers since the beginning of the troubles, had soe irritated his freinds and countreymen, that hee durst not goe amongst them; and hee was generally hated in towne, and rebuked as one that sought after a bishoprick, which they abhorred.

[May] 29. The 29th day of May, Mr. Crew, Mr. Willbraham and my selfe went to Harcley, 48 a small villadge westward from Barwick, where the Lord Carnarvon had chosen our quarter for us, but I found the place soe incommodious that I retourned to Barwick, where I intended to abide, having got a tollerable accomodation there. I came through the campe home.

THE CAMPE. It was pitched upon an ascending ground over the river Tweede westward, three miles from Barwick, betweene the villadge West Ourd a little short, and Harcley, 49 our quarter a little beyond it, whence some called the place Harcley feilds, others West Ourd. The[y] entrenched themselves in a semi-circle, the river serving for a trench to all the north part. The trench was in most places four foote broad and eight foote deepe, accounting the height of the parrapet, and the circumvallacion was esteemed in the whole to bee about three miles, some sayed five. There were three avenues, one towards Barwick, one somewhat higher to the south line, and one towards Harcley. The quarter master generall was one Captain Charles Flood, soone to Captain Braithwaite Flood in the Low Countreys. Hee was but a young man and, some thought, much too greene for such an employment, beeing onely studious in the mathe maticks, and affecting the name and laude of an engineire. Many condemned his choice of ground and manner of encamping soe wildly, one regiment so farre distant from annother, but whether they spoke out of judgement, or the discourse of others that had knowledge, I cannot guesse, but sure I am, some as ignorant as my selfe, would take

45 Shark to fawn upon for a dinner. Ogilvie's Dictionary.

46 Gilbert Dury, vicar of Berwick, 1613, died 1662.

* John Jemmat, a native of Reading, lecturer of Berwick, 1637-1641. Afterwards vicar of St. Giles', London. Cf. Scott, Berwick, p. 356.

49 Now Horncliffe.

49 The encampment was at a place called the Birks, between West Ord and Horncliffe, locally pronounced Horcley.

upon them to finde fault. The king, it may be, intended a greater supply of men, and soe hee left rome (sic) to take them into the leaguer, by command. Though the place were very fitt to oppose the ennemy, yet it was ill furnished to protect our owne men, affoording them noe manner of shelter against weather, the countrey round about beeing champaigne ; but it was a sommer leaguer and therefore supposed the cold ground was ease enough for them; but it was, most of it, where the souldiours lay, plowed ground, and sowed with barley, which, when wet came, continued very foule a long time and made many of them, those especially that came lately from sea, to fall sick and dye.

On the north side of the banck, over the Tweede, was the king's pavillion pitchd, and round about it the noblemen's tents and the gentlemen's of the privy chamber and others.

To the west of the pavillion was a battery (upon a rising hill), where were planted two peeces of brasse cannon, one whereof was the warning peece.

To the eastward, on the other side of the pavillion, was annother battery without the trench of the campe, on a hanging bancke over the Tweede right against a foord, whereon were three peeces of brasse. Yet it was thought the hills on the other side the river might have commanded our campe.

Right before the king's pavillion, somewhat to the westward, under a hanging banck, was the lord generall's tent and his regiment. To the eastward of him was the lord lieutenant-generall.

And beyond him, neare the avenue towards Barwick, was the master of the ordinance and all the artillerie, which were 24 fine feilde peeces of brasse, all new cast for this expedicion.

The sergeant major generall was pitched [a space is left here].

50

THE OFFICERS OF THE FEILDE.

The King's Majestie present.

The earle of Arundell, generall.

The earle of Essex, lieutenant generall.

The earle of Neiuport, 50 master of the ordinance.

Sir Jacob Ashley, serjeant major generall.

Sir William Brunckard, commissary generall of the infanterie.

The earle of Lyndesey, governour of Barwick.

The Lord Willoughbie, colonell of his majestie's leife guard.
Mr. Henry Wentworth, lieutenant colonell.

Sir Nicholas Slaning,51 sergeant major.

Sir Charles Vavisour, captain lieutenant.

Mountjoy Blount, Earl of Newport.

51 Sir Nicholas Slanning knighted 24th August, 1632.

THE ENQUARTERINGS OF THE HORSE.

The earle of Holland, generall of the horse, quartered at
Fishrigg, to the east from the campe.

Colonell Goring, lieutenant generall.

Commissary Willmot, commissary generall.

The lord generall's horse quartered at Norum.

Squire Heale with a troupe of carbines at [a space is left here].
Lord Carnavon's troupe at Harcley.

Lord Chamberlaine's at Barwick townes-end.

Sir Ralph Hopton, a troupe of carbines at Ourd.

Sir Fulke Huncks, a troupe of carbines at [a space is left here].
The pensioners at Chesswick.

The first thing was done after the sitting downe of the campe, the lord generall was sent forth with [a space is left here] horse to proclaime the king's proclamacon, which the Scotts would not heretofore give way, should bee proclaimed, and this was proclaimed at Dunce on Monday the 3 of June, but most of the inhabitants of best quallity, seeing such a power comming, were retyred further into the countrey, and those that were left, for feare, received it with acclamacons of joy and their prayers for the king. This gave a great alarm into the country.

The 3rd of June, beeing Monday, I watched (together with others of our troupe) the king's pavillion, and wee kept our court of guard about a stone's cast of, one the edge of the banck over the river, from whence by turnes wee were taken, two at a time, to waite in the privy chamber, with each of us a pistoll ready spannd and cocked, for an houre. In the morning wee waited on the king whithersoever hee rode. That morning hee went through the foard in to Scotland to a little villadge called Packston,52 right against the campe, to veiwe those feilds, intending to make a trench and redoubt to lay some men in on that side. There went over with him the Lord Lieutenant-generall, the Serjeant Major-generall, Sir Foulke Huncks, and Lieutenant-colonell Sydenham.

Wee used to set our watch about 6 a clock with prayers, and then every one retyred at his pleasure till 9, that the warning peece went of. And in the morning, when diana53 beate up, wee were released againe till his majestie came abroad.

The 5th of June, beeing Wednesday, the order beeing not settled for our watching, wee were commanded to attend, and then devided the squadron, and cast lots which part should watch that night. It fell to the squadron where I was to bee dismissed, soe I was ryding home about 6 a clock, and there was presently a generall

52 Paxton.

53 Dean or diana, a trumpet-call, or drum-roll at early morn. N.E.D.

alarme through the campe.

The Scots were discried from our quarter pitched on a hill neare Dunce, soe all the souldiours stood to their armes; but about 9 a clock, the king and the army were better quieted, soe there was noe command layed upon us to attend, onely my selfe was inforced to bee there all night in Mr. Hinton's tent, because I could not get out of the army. Some thought the king knew of their intention to come thither long before, but would suffer it to come as a soddaine alaram to the campe to try their courage and affeccons, which, as the same polliticians sayed, his majestie began now to distrust, but theise were clergy. I know not how well the king was satisfyed, but hee was as inquisitive and curious as might bee and came to the bulwarke with his perspective, and there stood veiwing and counting the tents a long while, and was followed with his nobles and courtiers, as all amazed and wondring at the approach of the Scotts, the king having sent them word they should not come within 10 miles of his campe.

[June] 6. The 6 of June wee showed our selves in compleat armes. in the feilds neare the campe. The king went forward with his trench on the other side Tweede, yet altered his designe from the first intention for the fashion of the woorke, and made a strong horne woorke of it and kept watch in it every night, but never manned it, neither was it wholly finished before the pacificacion. And now

for the king's better passage they made a bridge over Tweede with boates.

It was supposed the lord generall's goeing with such a power of horse to Dunce, made the Scots come soe soddainely downe, fearing least the king should fall in with fire and sword uppon them, and therefore the(y) pitched soe neare to prevent it.

In the Whi(t)son weeke, I remember not well what day, the lord generall of the horse, with [a space is left here] horse and 1,500 foote commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Ernley and Cromewell, went into Scotland to Kellsoe, to descry the army, and what further intentions. there were I know not, but the horse over went their foote soe farre, the weather beeing exceeding hott, that they found themselves engaged to the whole Scottsh army, and had beene ruled by some hott heads amongst them, it was thought they had been cut of, ere theire foote could have come up to them, and when they had come, theire march was so long, and they soe weary, they could have given them noe assistance. Soe the lieutenant general, Goring, and Commissary Willmot, perswaded my Lord Holland to retrait, which consideracions, and the king's command by letter to that purpose, caused them to retire.

Then the Scotts began to seke the king, but, with their woonted justificacion, neither craving his pardon nor acknowledging any offence.

[June] 6. On Thursday in Whitson weeke they sent the Lord. Dumfarlin, a young man, sonne in law to the Lord Morton, with a letter to the lords and a peticion to the king.