at Cape Prince of Wales, Point Hope and Point Barrow. The position of Superintendent of Schools for the Nome district was created in 1900. In 1892 an industrial school for instructing Eskimo young men in the management and care of domestic reindeer was located at Teller and supplied with reindeer imported by Dr. Sheldon Jackson from Siberia. These deer have multiplied until in 1900 there were nine herds, aggregating 3,462 head of reindeer. Of these 1,495 are the personal property of twenty Eskimos, who have learned the business by five years' apprenticeship in this school. In 1900 Alaska had twenty-five public schools, thirty-four teachers and an enrollment of 1,723 pupils, being an increased enrollment of 354 pupils over 1899. Public schools for the education of both the white and Indian children are located at the following places: Sitka, Juneau, Douglas, Skagway, Wrangell, Jackson, Haines, Hoonah, Meltakahtla, Saxman, Killisnoo, Klawock, Gravina, Dyea and Kake in Southeastern Alaska; Kadiak, Afognak, Wood Island, Unga, Unalaska and Karluk, in Western Alaska; and at Port Clarence, St. Lawrence Island, Cape Prince of Wales, Point Barrow, Circle City and Eaton Station, in Arctic Alaska. The schools at Nome have been supported so far by private subscriptions. The per capita cost of the public schools for 1900 was $17.45. The first Congressional appropriation for school purposes in Alaska was made, as heretofore stated, in 1885, the amount of the appropriation for that year being $25,000. Since that time Congress has appropriated in the aggregate a little over half a million of dollars, the exact figures being $510,000. This sum has been expended under the direction of the Interior Department for the purpose named. Since 1895 Congress has appropriated annually for the support of the public schools in Alaska the sum of $35,000. While the amount thus appropriated has been largely insufficient, it has under the skillful supervision of the United States General Agent of Education for the Territory been the means of keeping the schools open for nine months each year. But the large accession to the white population of Alaska during the past two years necessitates more school buildings, more teachers, and more money is necessarily needed to supply them. Not only has the white population greatly increased within the time mentioned, but it is still increasing at a rapid rate, and if the boys and girls of the Territory are to be provided with free schools the annual appropriation must be largely increased. Dr. Jackson estimates the amount needed for 1902 at $104,000. That the legislation heretofore enacted for the promotion of educational facilities in the Territory of Alaska is defective, goes without saying. Its faulty character is apparent to every resident in the Territory. The provision in the civil code limiting the revenue for school purposes to incorporated towns does not secure to the children of Alaska equality of benefits, which alone is sufficient to condemn it. A more equitable policy would be to set aside for school purposes a portion of the revenue received from licenses outside, as well as inside, of incorporated towns. This would extend to the children in villages and in unincorporated towns the same educational advantages as those in incorporated towns, and would permit the honorable Secretary of the Interior to "make needful and proper provision and regulation for the education of the children of school age in the district of Alaska, without reference to race," as the law directs. 1. Presbyterian Mission, Sitka. 2. Greeco-Russian Church, Unalaska. 3. Holy Cross Mission, Yukon River. 4. Episcopal Mission Church, Anvik. 5. Roman Catholic Mission, Yukon River. 6 Baptist Orphanage, Wood Island. 7. Russo-Greek Church, Attue. CHAPTER XVIII. CHURCHES EARLY RUSSIAN MISSIONARIES-UKASE OF EMPRESS LUTHERANS DROP OUT-AFTER THE TRANSFER In 1793 Catherine II., Empress of Russia, through a ukase, ordered missionaries to be sent to her North American colony. In accordance with this order, in 1794, eleven monks sailed from Ochotsk for Kadiak Island in charge of Archimandrite Josafaph. This was the commencement of the work of the RussoGreek Church in Alaska. They now report sixty-six churches and missions, fourteen priests and twentysix lay missionaries. In 1845 a Lutheran minister was sent to Sitka and the Lutheran service in Swedish and German maintained until the time of the transfer, when the church. dropped out of sight with the return of the minister and his people to Russia. The first denomination to commence mission work in Alaska after the transfer to the United States was the Presbyterian. In the fall of 1877 the Rev. Shel don Jackson, D.D., superintendent of missions in the West, organized mission work at Fort Wrangell, and in March, 1878, secured the sending to Sitka of the Rev. John G. Brady, the present Governor of Alaska, and a few months later, to Fort Wrangell, the Rev. S. Hall Young, D.D. There are now nineteen Presbyterian churches and missions in Alaska, of which eight are for the whites and eleven for the natives. There are seventeen ministers and thirty-seven lay missionaries. One of these churches is at Nome. The next denomination to enter Alaska was the Roman Catholic, in 1878. They now report nine priests, seven lay brothers and fourteen sisters of St. Ann. In 1884 the Moravians commenced missions in the valleys of the Kuskokwim and Nushagak rivers. In 1901 they have four ministers, eleven lay missionaries, twenty-three native evangelists and thirty mission stations. In 1886 the Baptists established a mission at Wood Island and Kadiak; at present they have one minister and three lay missionaries. The mission work of the Protestant Episcopal Church also dates from 1886. In 1895 their work was greatly strengthened by the appointment of the Rev. Peter Trimble Rowe, D.D., as Bishop of Alaska. now occupy ten mission stations, with six ministers, twenty lay missionaries and eight native helpers. They have a church at Nome. They In 1887 the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant and the Friends entered Alaska. In 1900 the Swedes had six ministers and nine lay missionaries at three stations, one of them being at Nome. The Friends have also three stations and nine missionaries. The Methodist Episcopal Church commenced Alaska work at Unya in 1886 and Unalaska in 1889. They |