CONSULS-continued.

citizens as foreign, i. 377

privileges of, in the United States, i. 379

convention between France and the United States with respect

to, i. 380, 385

duties of, how regulated, i. 380

duties of British, i. 381

marriages and divorces by, i. 382
powers of, in prize cases, i. 385

passports of, i. 383

nature of protection given by, 1. 384
engaged in trade, i. 384, 423

treaties affecting, i. 385

powers of, in Turkey, i. 387, 389

in China, i. 387, 389

in Oriental countries, i. 387, 389, 393
in Egypt, ii. 395

in Japan, i. 390

circular despatch to British, in 1862, i. 416
national character of, i. 422

carriage of despatches of enemy, ii. 291
power of, to protect property of enemies, ii. 347
to condemn a prize, ii. 395

to interpose a claim in case of prize, ii. 420

CONTINUOUS VOYAGES, ii. 220, 307

CONTRABAND,

remarks on the words 'contraband of war,' i. 63

military telegraphic cable, ii. 167

supplies to a besieged port, ii. 193

definition of, ii. 214, 294

consequences to articles deemed, ii. 215

carriage of, how far excused by allegation of compulsion, ii. 239
offence of carrying, when completed, ii. 217

how long it continues, ii. 220

how constituted, ii. 221

what articles are, ii. 222

treaties relating to, ii. 226

provisions of 42 and 43 Vict., c. 21, as to, ii. 229

articles ancipitis usûs to be considered as, ii. 229

decision of prize courts as to, ii. 230

doctrine of the English Admiralty as to what is, ii. 231, 234

course adopted by England in 1870 as to, ii. 228

by Belgium in 1870 as to, ii. 229

character of, how determined, ii. 223, 298

American views as to trade in, ii. 224

articles declared, by treaty (1674) between England and Holland,

ii. 226

insurances of, ii. 237

declaration of Great Britain in 1854 as to, ii. 286

declaration at the Conference of Paris, 1856, as to, ii. 287

persons, when, ii. 290, 297

license to trade, whether a protection for carrying, ii. 361
United States navy regulations as to, ii. 367

case of the Springbok,' ii. 218

CONTRACTS,

rule of international comity with respect to, i. 189, 193

for the sale, &c., of slaves, i. 190, 247

of marriage, i. 190, 195

how discharged, i. 205

inter vivos and dispositions causâ mortis, i. 213
effect of declaration of war on, i. 528

of necessity, i. 529

CONTRIBUTIONS (REQUISITIONS),
how affected by treaty of peace, i. 321
for expenses of war, ii. 69

instructions of General Halleck as to, ii. 56

course pursued in 1870, 1806, and 1812 as to, ii. 69, 71, 73, 109
provisions of Brussels Conference, 1874, as to levying, ii. 340
how to be collected, ii. 72

CONVENTION BETWEEN BELLIGERENTS,

power to make a military convention, i. 276

'sponsions,' i. 277

definition of, ii. 311

distinctions between, and treaties of peace, ii. 311

convention between the French and Prussians in 1870 as to the

occupation of Versailles, ii. 319

suspension of arms, ii. 311

truce, ii. 311

armistice, ii. 311

capitulations, ii. 319

paroling, ii. 321

safe-conducts, ii. 323

safeguards, ii. 325
cartel, ii. 326
ransoms, ii. 22, 328
flags of truce, ii. 333
of Closter-Seven, i. 277

of El Arish, i. 278

of Geneva, 1864, ii. 36

additional articles of Geneva, 1868, ii. 37

CONVOY,

effect of a neutral, on the right of visitation and search, ii. 262
neutral vessels under enemy's, ii. 266

case of the Freya' in 1800, ii. 263

navy regulations (1876) of the United States as to, ii. 264

COUNTERFEIT COIN, i. 149

COUP D'ASSURANCE. See AFFIRMING GUN

COUP DE SEMONCE. See AFFIRMING GUN

COURTS,

prize, i. 58

COURTS-MARTIAL (British),

how regulated, i. 544

CREDENCE,

letters of, i. 359

CRIME,

rules of law as to the punishment of, i. 206

extradition crimes, i. 235, 257

United States army regulations for the punishment of, ii. 47

public, how affected by change of government, i. 90
distinction between, already incurred and obligations, i. 245
effect of treaty of peace on, i. 314

right of a nation to enforce payment of, i. 482

right of State to confiscate, of enemy, i. 537

effect of declaration of war on, i. 533

provisions of 34 Geo. III., c. 79, as to enemy's, i. 535

course adopted by the Confederate States in 1868 as to enemy's,
&c., i. 535

practice of Great Britain as to enemy's, i. 538

course adopted by Great Britain in 1793 as to enemy's, i. 538
by Denmark in 1807 as to enemy's, i. 538

the Silesian loan, i. 539

course adopted by Great Britain towards Portugal in 1840,

i. 107

Great Britain and the Russian-Dutch loan, i. 536

sequestration of British, by Denmark in 1807, i. 538
right of capture of documents evidence of, ii. 62

effect of military occupation on, ii. 460

effect of complete conquest on, ii. 495
of Hesse-Cassel in 1814, ii. 497

DECEITFUL INTELLIGENCE, i. 570
DECLARATION

DENMARK,

claim of, over the Sound, i. 167

ordinance of, in 1807, sequestrating debts due to British sub-
jects, i. 538

DESERTERS,

seamen, from merchant ships, i. 268
how to be treated, ii. 33

harbouring, during armistice, ii. 314

United States army regulations as to, ii. 45

DESPATCHES

of ambassadors, i. 330, ii. 291

nature of offence of carrying enemy's, ii. 291

cases on carriage of enemy's, ii. 291

case of the Trent,' ii. 293

license to trade, whether a protection for carrying enemy's, ii.
361

DIGEST, i. 4

DIPLOMACY,

remarks on, i. 273

DIPLOMATIC AGENT (AMBASSADOR, &c.)

inviolability of ambassadors among the ancients, i. 3

rights of public ministers discussed between 1713 and 1763, i. 18
Papal nuncios, i. 271, 327

representatives of States in matters of ceremony, how ranked,
i. 121

salutes to diplomatic officers, i. 130, 133, 140, 368

immunity of foreign ministers, i. 332

who are diplomatic agents for the purposes of the Extradition
Act (British), 1870, i. 267

right of a State to send and receive diplomatic agents, i. 269
to refuse particular individuals as diplomatic

agents, i. 271, 361, 368
diplomatic relations between Great Britain and the Pope, i. 271
native subjects as ministers from a foreign power, i. 272, 377
by what department of government diplomatic agents to be
sent and received, i. 272

modern classification of public ministers, i. 326

nature of the office of ambassador, i. 327

right of sending ambassadors, to whom confined, i. 327
envoys and ministers plenipotentiary, i. 327

ministers resident, i. 328

chargés d'affaires, i. 329, 372

secretaries of embassy, i. 329

attachés and families of ministers, i. 329, 364
messengers and couriers of ministers, i. 330
domestic servants of ministers, i. 331, 337, 350
extraterritoriality of ministers, i. 334, 342, 372
nationality of children of ministers, i. 333
offences by and against ministers, i. 333, 352

diplomatic privilege, i. 334, 347, 372

ministers when not exempt from local jurisdiction, i. 338, 343,

347

service of English process on minister abroad, i. 335

case of the ambassador of Peter the Great, i. 336

statute 7 Anne, c. 12, as to privileges of ambassadors, i. 337

DIPLOMATIC AGENT (AMBASSADOR, &c.)—continued.
ministers carrying on trade, i. 343

instances where ministers have been sued, i. 335, 356, 365
case of Combaut in 1603, i. 350

citizens in the service of a foreign minister, how regarded, i. 350
evidence of ministers, how taken, i. 352

inviolability of house of ministers, i. 353

property of a minister not exempt from local jurisdiction, i. 355
exemption of ministers from taxation, i. 356
privileges of ministers as to religious worship, i. 358
case of Michilchenkorff in 1867, i. 351
diplomatic agents, how accredited, i. 359
letter of credence and letters patent, i. 359

a minister's arrival at his post, how notified, i. 360
reception of foreign ministers, i. 360

safe-conducts, &c., for ministers, when requisite, i. 361
passage of ministers through friendly States, i. 148, 362
instances where ambassadors have been arrested, i. 348
mission of a minister, how determined, i. 363
termination of mission by death of minister, i. 364

recall, i. 365

effluxion of time, i. 365

by death, &c., of sovereign, i. 365
dismissal, i. 366

duties of diplomatic agents towards local government, i. 368
United States naval regulations in case of death of minister,
&c., i. 364

national character of, i. 422

responsibility of State for acts of, i. 442

duty of State to, i. 451

right of, to address petitions to the House of Commons of
Great Britain, i. 359

plenipotentiaries to conferences and congresses, i. 468

United States army regulations as to, ii. 41, 49

carriage of despatches of ambassador of enemy, i. 330, ii. 292

limits of operations of war as to ambassadors, ii. 293

when to be deemed contraband, ii. 297

case of the Trent' in reference to, ii. 293

an ambassador on the high seas, when inviolable, ii. 300

DISCOVERY, VESSELS OF,

exemption of, from hostilities, ii. 105