vented by the Vigilance and political Addrefs of the Government of Bombay. -British Army affembled on the Coast of Coromandel.-Letter from Tippoo Sultaun to Lord Mornington.—Junction between the Nizam's Army and that of Madras.-This united Army marches against Seringapatam on one Hand.-While the Malabar Army advances towards it on the other.Engagement between the Malabar Army and that of Tippoo Sultaun.Junction between the Bombay or Malabar and the main Army-Tippoo abandons the open Country, and takes Refuge in the Fortress of Seringapatam.-Sering apatam taken by Storm.-Tippoo flain.-Distinguishing Features of the House of Hyder.- Acquifions obtained by the Arts of Peace, contrafted with the Conquefts obtained by War.-Profperity of the British Settlement on Prince of Wales's Inland.The Magnitude, and the Profpects prefented by its natural Advantages.

CHAP. V.

[48

Determination of the Porte to repel the Invasion of Egypt.-Letter from the Grand Seignior to Tippoo Sultaun, on that Subject.-Tippoo's Anfwer.— A new Sect of Islaumitish Socinians.—Account, by Tippoo Sultaun, of the Chriftian Domination in India.-Complaints against the English.-Confederacy for exterminating the Chriftian Infidels from India.-Reflections. -Hypocritical Conduct of the French towards the Turks.-Refentment and fpirited Conduct of the Porte.—Alliance between the Porte and Ruffia. -Change in the Turkish Miniftry.—Memorial of the Porte to all foreign Minifters.-Turkish Manifefto, addressed to the British Minifler at Confantinople.-Character of the Turks.-Military Preparations of the Porte. Councils and Views of the Ruffians.—Character and political Conduct of the Ruffian Emperor, Paul.-Treaty between Great Britain and Ruffia.— Ruffian Declaration of War against Spain.-The Emperor of Ruffia elected, by the difperfed Knights, Grand Mafter of Malta.-His Munificence to that Order.-New Establishment for its Maintenance, at St. Petersburgh. A combined Russian and Turkish Fleet fails through the Dardanels into the Mediterranean.-And reduces the Venetian Islands on the Western Coast of Turkey in Europe.-Humane and liberal Conduct of the Conquerors of thefe to their Prifoners of War.

CH A P. VI.

[66

Titudes of Colonization, Commerce, and Arts-Re-action of the Expetion to Egypt, on the Affairs of Europe.-Internal Policy of France. -Violation of the Freedom of Elections.-Civil Diffentions.-Finances. Suppreffion of Newspapers.-Execution of the Lares against Ecclefiaftics Emigrants.-Escape and Return of banished Deputies, from Guiana Europe. Law for confifcating the Property of Exiles, in cafe of their ding or quitting the Place of their Banifhment. Debates in both ncils on this Subje&t.-Military Commiffions, Trials, and Execisions. aw for inquiring into all the Attacks that had been made on Perfons Property, from Motives of Enmity to the Public and its Friends.

Dreadful

Dreadful Effects of this Law.-Plunder, Profufion, Venality, and C ruption.

CHAP. VII.

Covetoufnels and Rapacity of the Directors of France, difplayed in their f reign Tranjactions.Treaty between the Directory and Portugal-t ratified by the Court of Lijbon.-Geneva becomes a Department of France. -Conduct of the French towards different Nations.Their contard Menaces against England.-Calumnies. And malicious AccufctionsThefe refuted, and retorted by the Publication of General Hoche's Infrar tions to Colonel Tate, for carrying on a War, in England, of Plunder en Defraction-Reflections thereon.-Parties in France.-Policy of the Directory.Boatings, and vain-glorious Predictions.—Ohjertations a Colonies, and the most proper Places for their Fftablishment.-Mefers from the Directory, to the Council of Five Hundred, relating to the Tran Expedition.Apologies for invading Egypt without a previous Declaration of War.-Joy and Exultation at the Landing of the French in EgyptAnd confident Predictions of great Glory, to be from thence derived, to the French Nation.And Benefits to all the World.Intelligence received in France of the Naval Victory of Aboukir.—Effects of this on the French Nation. This Victory vilified by the French.—New Requifitions of Men and Money.The Light in which the Directory appeared, throughout France, before the News from Aboukir.-Covetousness and Rapacity of the Directory.-Manner in which they made their Fortune.-The De fruction of the French Fleet, at Aboukir, a new Support, and a new Soure of Power, to the Directory.-The Manner in which the Government of France received the Declaration of War by the Turks.—A French Amb fador fent to Conftantinople.-French Anfeer to the Manifefio of the Porte-Refutation of this, by intercepted Letters of Buonaparte's.miffiveness of the French Legislative Councils to the Directory, and If ference about the Conftitution.-The fame Requifitions of Men and Mesa, that were made in France, enforced in the conquered States.-Infurrelen in Belgium.-Its Rapidity and Extent.—Subdued.

CHAP. VIII.

Congress of Rafadt,-Defcription of Germany.-Germanic ConfitutionThe Germans, in all Ages, characterized by a Love of Liberty-States of the Empire.-Three Colleges.-Vici fitudes in the Conflitution.—Elect.TM of the Emperor.-Geographical Divifion of the Empire into CirclesDivifion of the Empire, founded on Differences of Religion-Diet of to Empire-Advices of the Diet.-Decrees of Ratification.-ConclufumInfluence of the Emperor on the Proceedings of the Diet.-And of the King of Prugia.Deputations of the Empire.-Ordinary and ExtraordinaryMembers of the Extraordinary Deputation of the Empire affembled at Rafadi.-Their Powers and Functions.-Negociation between the Pariet

4

concerned

concerned, at Raftadt, carried on without the Intervention of foreign
Powers-Secret Articles in the Treaties of Bafle and Campo-Formio.-
Violation of the latter, on the Part of the French, complained of by the Im-
perial Minifter.-Bafis propofed for u Pacification, by the French Plenipo
tentiaries.-Counter Propofitions, by the Deputation of the Empire.-Conti-
muation of Hoftilities by the French.-Difputes concerning the Origin and
Commencement of the War.-The Bafis propofed by the French Plenipoten-
tiaries agreed on by the fecret Articles of the Treaty of Campo-Formio.-
Secularizations propofed.-The Deputation agree to the Ceffion of half the
Territory demanded by the French.-Who perfift in their firft Propofitions.
-Debates in the Diet of the Empire.-The Ceffion of the left Bank of the
Rhine agreed to, by the Deputation, on certain Conditions.-Private Views
of the individual States of the Empire.-The Syftem of Secularization agreed
20.-Farther Pretenfions of the French,-Objections to thefe.-Jealoufies
and fecret Views of both the negociating Parties.-Rapacity and Venality
of the French Directory.-Interefling and infidious Intervention of the
French Plenipotentiaries, in Favour of certain Imperial Cities.-Relaxed and
enfeebled State of the Germanic Confiitution.-The German States arranged
refpectively around Pruffia and Aufiria.-Fresh Pretenfions of the French re-
fified by both thefe Powers.-Conceffions of the French.-And of the De-
putation of the Empire.-A Majority of the Deputation agrees to the
French Propofitions.-Proteft in the Diet against their Vote.-Effect pro-
duced on the Negociations at Rafladt, by the Approach of the Ruffians to
Germany. Conclufum of the Diet, on the Subject of the French Propofi-
tions, ratified by the Imperial Commissary.Requifitions of the Deputation
of the Empire, for the Relief of the right Bank of the Rhine.-Declaration
of the French Plenipotentiaries against the Admiffion of Ruffian Troops
into the Territory of the Empire.-Referred to the general Diet of the
Empire of Ratisbon.-Entrance and Progreffion of the Ruffians into Ger-
many-Surrender of the Fortress of Ehrenbreitfiein.-The French Army
croffes the Rhine. And penetrates into Suabia.-French Proclamation.-
And Address of General Jourdan to his Army, on their Entrance into
Germany. Taken into Confideration by the Deputation of the Empire.-
Which recommends to the general Diet the Adoption of Means for a speedy
Peace. The Zeal of the Deputies for Peace, checked by the Imperial Com-
miffary.-Preludes of War.

CHA P. IX.

Attack on the French, by the King of Naples.-Secret Motives affigned for
this.-Pofition of the Neapolitan Troops, after their Repulje from the
Roman Territories.-And of the French.-The different Divifions of the
French Army draw near to Naples.-Amidf general and conftant Infur-
rections of the Natives of the Country.-Armiflice propofed by the Neapo-
tan to the French General for an Armiflice.-Rejected.-Maffacres of the
French.-Perilous Situation of the French Troops.-Defperate Refolution
Championet.-Unexpectedly relieved from his Embarament by an
Offer, for the third Time, of an Armistice.-The Neapolitan Troops eta-
LI

TOL. XLI.

cuate

cuate Capua. Where they are fucceeded by the French Garrison.—Difatis faction of the Directory with Championet.—The Royal Family of Naples at Palermo.-Regency appointed, at Naples, in his Abfence.-Champion's Vindication of his Conduct to the Directory.-Communication between Championet and the Malcontents of Naples.-Violent Fermentation in Noples. Cortef between the Royalifts and Revolutionifts.—Retreat of the Viceroy.-Ejcape of General Mack to Championet.-Tota ¡Disorganization of the Neapolitan Army.Affaffination and Rapire.-Naples efaulted by the French Army.-Obftinately defended by the Lazzaroni.-Momentery Ceflation from mutual Slaughter. — Improved by Championet.-Whe Profeffions of Humanity and Refpect for St. Jannerius draw over the Lazzaroni to the Side of the French.—Miracles.—Advertisement, by the Archbishop, to the Citizens of Naples.-Proclamation of Champions! — Edict of the Provisionary Government of the Neapolitan Republic.-Under impofing Forms and Names in the Hunds of the French General.—Contri butions. Trophies of Victory and Ambassadors fent from Naples to Para. -The whole public and much of the private Property of Naples claimed, to the Directory, for the French Nation.—Civil Commissaries fent for the Purpose of taking Poffeffion of this.-Ordered, by Championet, to mat Naples. The Decree of the Directory, on the Subject of Neapolitan Preperly, annulled by a Counter-Decree iffued by the General.-Indignches of the Directory. Decree for arrefting Championet with other Gere rals, and trying them for Disobedience.Another for bringing Perins, accufed, by public Fame, of Robbery or Dilapidation, to Trial by a Car Martial. Thefe Trials prevented by new Struggles and Changes at Pony, -French Invafion of the fmall Republic of Lucca.-Factions there.-Revolution. And Contributions.

CHAP. X.

146

Meeting of the British Parliament.-Speech from the Throne.-Delete) thereon in both Houses.-Army, Navy, and other Efiimates.—Supplies.— Ways and Means.—Taxes.—New Measure of Finance.—Ruffian Suhhes, -Debates.—Eulogy on the Ruffian Emperor.-India Budget.-Amentia Bills for the Redemption of the Land-Tax.-Motion by Mr. Tierney, fr the Prevention of any Negociation that might prevent a Peace.-Sufperes of the Habeas Corpus-Act.-Conversation relating to the Treatment if Perfons confined in the New State Prifon.

CHAP. XI.

It.

Measures for the external Defence and internal Tranquillity of the Brif State-Motion against any Negociations that might prevent or impede a Negociation for Peace.-Negatived.-Bills for continuing the Sufpenf of the Habeas Corpus.-Digreffion to the State Prijon in Cold-Eath-Files.

19.

CHAP

CHAP. XII.

nion with Ireland.-Meffage from his Majefly, relative to that Subject. Refolutions preparatory to an Union. Debates thereon, in both Houses of Parliament.-Conferrences between the Lords and Commons.--Joint iddrefs, from both Houses, to his Majefty.-New Arrangements respecting the Militia Volunteer, and Provifional Cavalry,-Slave-Trade.

CHA P. XIII.

202

Treaty of Campo Formio fuddenly formed.-Difregarded and mifrufted by General Jourdan receives Orders both Parties.-Military Preparations. to begin the Campaign.-Immenfe Scale on which War is now carried on.-Force and Pofition of the French and the Imperial Forces.-Plans of the French.-Situation and Views of the Auftrians. The French Army - And adoccupies Manheim.-Lays the Palatinate under Contribution. -Contributions there also.-Jourdan appointed Comvances into Snabia. mander-in-chief of the Armies in Germany and Switzerland. Pofitions of the Auftrians in the Country of the Grifons and in the Voralberg.-Maffena jummons General Auffenberg, and attacks him at the fame Time.And takes him, with the greater Part of his Troops.-The French Mafters of Chur, and almost all the Valley of the Rhine.-Plan of the French to complete the Conquest of the Country of the Grifons.-Maffena repulfed in the Voralberg with much Lofs.-The French General, Lecourbe, feizes on the The French General, Defolles, attacks and Upper and Lower Engadine. -The Army of the Archduke Charles paffes the gains the Poft at Bormio. Lech, and advances in Suabia.—Movements and Pofitions taken by the Auftrian and French Armies.- Battle between the Aufirians and French.. The French defeated, and forced to repafs the Rhine.—The Auftrians in Pofion of almost all Sumbia.

CHAP. XIV.

235

The French pass the Rhine.-Pofitions of the Aufirians in the Country of the Grifons, and in the Vorallerg.-Complete Conquest of the Country of the Grifons, by the French.-The Auftrians, under the Archduke Charles, pass the Lech, and advance into Suabia.Nearly the whole of which falls ints their Poffeffion.--The French fall back to Stock-Ach and Engen. Are forced to repays the Rhine.--Make themfelve Mafiers of the Vallies of the Inn. -The Inhabitants of the Tyrol take up Arms against the French, who, being defeated, are obliged to evacuate that Country. -Proclamation of the Archduke Charles to the People of Switzerland Massena appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the Rhine, the Danube, and of Obfervation.-Breaking up of the Congress at Rafladt.-Injult offered to Bernadotte, French Ambafador, at Vienna.-Conferences at Seltz.Alfaffination of the French Deputies to the Congrefs at Rafiadt.-General The French are entirely driven out of the Country Situation of the Allies. of the Grifons, and the Auftrians take Poft on the left Bank of the Rhine.

-

LI 2

-Mafena