Über dieses Buch
Meine Mediathek
Bücher bei Google Play
XX
CONTENTS.
ОНАРTER IX.
1781.
Proceedings of Virginia General Assembly-Amount to Nothing-Clinton detaches
Phillips to Virginia-Governor Jefferson's Letters to President of Congress-Phillips
invades Virginia-Devastates the Country-Arnold destroys the State Marine-Commo-
dore O'Brien's Statement of the Affair-British advance on Richmond-Exploits of the
"Tobacco War" unsung-Lafayette at Richmond-Phillips's Threats-Tart Corres-
pondence-Phillips retires-Met with Dispatches from Cornwallis-Returns to Peters-
burg-Cornwallis after Battle of Guilford Court House-Greene marches to South
Carolina-General Consequences of this Measure-Terrible Consequences to Virginia-
Greene's Justification-Cornwallis advances unresisted on Virginia-Phillips's Death
-Lafayette's refusal to correspond with Arnold-American Prisoners threatened-
Governor Jefferson's Proclamation concerning Paroles-Legislature meet and adjourn
-The Governor's Personal Movements-His noticeable Letter to Washington, May 28th
-Washington's Reply and Personal Acknowledgments-Cornwallis reaches Peters-
burg-His complete Superiority of Force-Flushed with his Prospects-Pursues
Lafayette-Mercer's timely Arrival-"The Boy" Escapes-Simcoe dispatched to the
Point of Fork-Steuben's Retreat-Tarleton's attempts to seize Governor and Legis-
lature-A Detachment proceeds to Monticello-Preparations of the Governor, and his
Retreat Conduct of two Slaves-Handsome conduct of British at Monticello-Tarle-
ton's Orders on the Subject-Cornwallis's at another of Mr. Jefferson's Estates-Devas-
tation and Butchery-List of Jefferson's Losses from Farm Book-The dying Slaves-
Jefferson's Provocations to such Treatment-Cornwallis's customary Atrocities and
Robberies-Why these Things should be remembered Jefferson resolves to decline a
Reëlection-Continental Officers' Opinions of his Military Administration-Differences
between Civil and Military Officers in the Revolution-Legislature meets at Staunton-
"Another Panic"-Another Dictator Project-Necessity of putting Jefferson hors de
combat-Resistance justly anticipated from him-Charged with Official Misconduct
Proposed Inquiry supported by his Friends-Dictator Project again relinquished from
fear-Jefferson then openly declines a Reelection-Votes of his Friends still required
to prevent his Reëlection-His Movements after retreating before Tarleton-Inquiry
into his Conduct not an "Impeachment"-Inquiry deeply regretted by Friends of
the Mover-The "Objections" and "Answers"-Character of the Objections-The
"Flights" considered-Error in Congress Edition of Mr. Jefferson's Works-Jefferson
enters the Legislature to meet the Inquiry-Inquiry dropped-Unanimous Vindication
of Governor Jefferson-George Nicholas's Reparation,
CHAPTER X.
1781-1784.
321
Mr. Jefferson again appointed a Plenipotentiary-Reasons for declining-His Wife's
shattered Health-His Retirement-An Accident-Writes Notes on Virginia-How he
collected Materials-Character of the Work-Buffon's and Raynal's Theories-An
Arithmetical Argument considered - Jefferson's Ethnological Remarks-Slavery-
Religion-Geology-Letter to Lafayette-To Edmund Randolph-To General Wash-
ington-De Chastellux's Visit to Monticello-Comments on his Narrative-Jefferson's
Mechanical Tastes-Declines to attend Legislature-Madison's Comments Monroe's
Letter to him-Jefferson's morbid Sensibility-Occasion of it-His Wife's Decline-
Closing Scenes-Jefferson refuses to appeal to Sympathy-His Wife's Death-His
Daughter's Description of what followed-His Family Register-Mementos of the
Dead-Small pox-Mr. Jefferson appointed Plenipotentiary third time-Reasons for
Acceptance-Proposed as Secretary for Foreign Affairs-Repairs to Philadelphia-
Letter to Washington and Reply-Awaits an Opportunity to sail to Europe-Reasons
for not proceeding-Letters to Eppes-Elected to Congress-Home Occupations-
A Series of Family Letters commenced-Three Letters to Martha Jefferson-Congress
meet-Washington's Resignation-Jefferson's Report Chairman of Committee on
Treaty of Peace-Reports a Committee of States-The Plan fails-Reports a Moneyx
Unit and a Coinage-Reports in favor of Commissioners of Treasury-Reports on
Public Indebtedness, etc. -Cession of Northwest Territory-Reports Plan of Govern-
ment for Western Territory-Proceedings of Congress thereon-Reports Plan for
locating and disposing of Public Lands-Reports Instructions for Foreign Ministers-
Leaves Congress-His undisputed leadership in it-Was he a Practical Man-Did he
ride or guide the Current-Criticisms of Opponents-Proofs furnished by his History-
His Manners a source of Error-His peculiar Habits of Conversation-An Anecdote-
A Description by his Grandson-Clarendon's Description of Hampden-Jefferson's Cor-
respondence with Washington-On Virginia Internal Improvements Washington asks
Jefferson's Advice concerning Cincinnati-Jefferson's Answer-Their Personal Inter-
views Two Letters to Martha Jefferson-Du Simitiere and Rittenhouse,
CHAPTER XI.
1784-1786.
361
Jefferson appointed Minister Plenipotentiary-Preparations for Departure-His Voyage
-Personal Arrangements in Paris-Action of American Ministers Jefferson prints his
Notes on Virginia-Driven to permit Publication-Commercial Negotiations of 1784-
Dr. Franklin's return Home Jefferson Minister to France-Sources of his Popularity
there The existing Political Condition of France-The Patriotic Party-Jefferson's
Standing with it-His Standing with the People and Government-His position between
Adams and Franklin-Mr. and Mrs. Adams's Personal Feelings towards him-Progress
of Negotiations in 1785-Difficulties with the Barbary States-Adams for Tribute, Jef-
ferson for War-Jefferson's Views on a Navy-On proper Objects of National Indus-
try-On Questions before Congress-On Virginia Matters-Subjects of his Correspond
ence-His Impressions of France-On Advantage of European Education to Ameri-
cans-His Letter to Peter Carr-Changes his Residence in Paris-His Rooms at Car-
thusian Monastery-Official Correspondence of 1786-Negotiations with French Gov-
ernment The Farmers-General-Correspondence with Washington-Furnishes matter
for Encyclopédie Méthodique-His proposed Remedy for American Overtrading-Views
on Annexation"-A Rumble of the Earthquake-John Ledyard-Jefferson sent for
by Mr. Adams Letter to Martha-Journey to London-Negotiations with Portugal
and Barbary States Offer of Commercial Treaty to England-Jefferson's Presentation
at Court His and Mr. Adams's Statements compared-Jefferson's Impressions of
England-Visits various Classic Scenes-His Journal-His lack of Sentiment-With
Mr. Adams at Stratford-upon-Avon-At Battle-field of Worcester-Jefferson as a Prac-
ticalist and Idealist-Occupation on return to France-Another Contest with the Far-
mers-General-Arranges a League against Barbary States-Why it fell through-View
of Europe after another Year's Stay-Corrections to Mr. Soulés Work on America-
Lafayette's Bust placed in Hôtel de Ville-Jefferson's and Lafayette's Relations-An
Unlucky Phrase-Lord Bolingbroke borrowed from-The Order of Bernis-Accident
to Jefferson-His Letter to Washington on Cincinnati-His first View of the Govern-
ment to be formed by Convention of 1787-Other Correspondence-Misunderstanding
with Robert Morris A Day Dream-Made Doctor of Laws-Remarks on Shay's Insurrec-
tion-Was Jefferson's Democracy "French Democracy?"
CHAPTER XII.
1787.
411
Causes which led to Convening the Assembly of Notables, in France-Death of the
Count de Vergennes Jefferson to Carrington on Shay's Insurrection-Sketches the
Character of Adams, Lafayette, etc., to Madison-Motives of his Journey to South of
France-Barbary Affairs-Advises Lafayette to make the English Constitution the
Model for France-Sets out on his Journey-Letter to De Tesse advising Moderation in
the Assembly of Notables-A Brazilian Envoy-A Letter to his Daughter filled with his
Philosophy of Life-The Waters of Aix of no Benefit-Reasons for proceeding to Italy-
Writes Martha from Toulon-Letter to Lafayette containing some noble Sentences
Crosses the Alps-Reaches Turin-Obtains the principal Object of his Journey-Pro-
ceeds to Milan, Pavia, Genoa, and back to Nice-Sums up what he saw, in a Letter to
Mr. Wythe-A Memorable Opinion on making the Grape an American Staple of Indus-
try-Commercial Arrangements with Italian Merchants-Writes Martha from Marseilles
and the Canal of Languedoc-To Mr. Eppes from Bordeaux-To Martha from Nantes
His Yearnings for his Younger Daughter-A Letter to Martha worth the Perusal of all
Young Ladies- Some Characteristics of Martha Jefferson-Changes in the French Min-
istry-Jefferson asks a Modification of Duties on American Imports-His Views on
current American Questions-Letter to Hartley, giving the length and breadth of his
Democracy-Letters of Advice to future Sons-in-law-Arrival of his Daughter "Polly"
(Mary) in England-Mrs. Adams's Description of her-Martha and Mary Jefferson-
The Relations which Mr. Jefferson bore to his Daughters-Their Feelings towards and
Declarations concerning him-Threatening Indications rife in Europe-Paris in Com-
motion-A Lull in Affairs-All of Jefferson's Objects attained-His Reflections on the
State of Europe-His King-phobia increased-His Views on American Policy-His first
View of the new United States Constitution-Parts liked and parts disliked by him-
Ultimately favors its Adoption-All his Objections but one met by the Amendment of
1789-90-Private Correspondence in 1787-Daniel Webster's Anecdote of him-A
Federal Ideal of Jefferson-The Blunder of a Conversationalist- How far did Jefferson
borrow his Politics, Morals, and Religion from France? - What understood by the
Imputation of "French Religion"-Character of French Infidelity-When have we
a Right to inquire into Private Religious Beliefs ?- We unquestionably have that Right in
Jefferson's case-At what Stage of the Narrative this will be done-A related but
essentially different Question-The Religious Issue between the living Jefferson and his
Opponents must be earlier discussed,
CHAPTER XIII.
1788-1789.
462
First Official Acts in 1788-Paul Jones-Pecuniary Difficulties of United States-Jefferson
repairs to Holland-With Adams effects Loans Tour up the Rhine-Mathematical
Formula for shaping a Plow-State of Paris at his Return-Letter to General Washing-
ton-Proposes transferring French Debts to Holland-Gives Brissot Letters of Intro-
duction-Outfit-New Consular Convention-Annoyed by French Creditors of United
States Repulses Impertinence of General Armand-Asks Leave of Absence-Nobody
to grant it-Miscellaneous Correspondence of the Year Questions a Theory of New-
ton-Disregard of mere Authority in Science-Newton, Buffon, and Lavoisier-Blunders
of the Learned-Curtain drops on Poor Ledyard-His Warm Affection for Jefferson-
Jefferson declines joining Society for Abolition of Slave Trade-English Judicial Deci-
sions in America-Letter to General Washington-Inside Views Opinion on Female
Influence in French Politics-Further History of French Affairs-Famine in the Winter
of 1788-9- Relief from America - Recall of French Minister in America asked-Gover-
neur Morris's Secret-Extracts from Letters and Diary of Morris Speculations-
France on Morris's Shoulders Jefferson's Views of Proper Objects of the Patriots-
Sack of Reveillon's House-Opening of States-General-Disputes between Orders-
Lafayette's Instructions and Jefferso Advice-Progress of Events - Jefferson's Let-
ter to St. Etienne-Proposes a Charter of Rights-Patriots demand too much and
lose all-Character of Necker-Jefferson and Mirabeau-Further Events "Let the
People eat Grass" - The Issue of Blood made up Jefferson between the Military and
the People-Different Accounts of the Fray-Attack on the Bastile-Another Chance
for Compromise thrown away-Jefferson's Opinion of the King and Queen-He is
invited to Assist in forming a Constitution-His Reasons for declining-Constitution
Settled at his House-The Parties in the National Assembly-Explanations between
Jefferson and Montmorin-Personal Affairs - Jefferson neither Federalist nor Anti-
Federalist-Made LL.D. by Harvard University-His Answer-Family Incidents-
Martha wishes to enter a Convent-Letter to General Washington-Views on Titles of
Honor in United States-Views on Neutrality between France and England-Past and
Present Course of these Nations towards the United States-English Sympathisers in
United States This Party existed before the French Revolution Jefferson averse to
entering President's Cabinet "Can one Generation of Men bind another?"-He
receives Leave of Absence-Particulars of Journey until final Sailing-His Valedic-
tory to France-Some Review of his Diplomatic Labors-Discharge of Minor Duties-
Attentions to Americans Abroad-His Course towards Young Travellers-His Strong
Partiality for Young Men-Other Unofficial Duties-Ability of his Dispatches-Political
Prophesying-His Diplomatic Career commands Universal Applause-Mr. Jay's Testi-
mony on the Subject Judge Marshall's-Daniel Webster's-English Expressions—
Martha Jefferson's Narrative of Journey Home-Danger at Norfolk-Reception at
Home-Old Wormley's Version of the Reception-An African Ovation,
CHAPTER XIV.
1789-1790.
497
Jefferson appointed Secretary of State-Washington's Letters-Jefferson's Reply-His
Feelings towards Washington-Appointments further pressed and accepted-Marriage
of Martha Jefferson-Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr.-Mr. Jefferson's Journey to New
York-Interview with Franklin-Personal Arrangements Jefferson's Account of the
Political Tone of Society in New York-Were his Impressions well founded?-Revolu-
tionary Politics in that City-Loyalism and Whiggery in that State-Form of Govern-
ment not necessarily in Question-Causes which led to Formation of Constitution-
Influence of Shay's Insurrection on Public Mind-Rise of a Reactionary or Monarchical
Party-Jefferson's persistent Assertion of such a Party-Charged such Views on Indi-
viduals Reasons for investigating these Charges-His Statements compared with
Judge Marshall's-With General Knox's-With Colonel Humphreys'-With John Jay's
-With Mr. Madison's-With General Washington's-Hamilton's Plan in Convention
of 1787-His Speech in favor of Monarchy-Objections to Madison's Report of Speech
examined-Governeur Morris's Speech in the Convention-Project of making Bishop
of Osnaburg King-Hamilton's Share in forming the Constitution-Hostile Testimony
discarded-Morris's Statements-How far Hamilton really approved of the Constitu-
tion-His public Declarations-His confidential Disclosures-Declares the Constitution
"a frail and worthless Fabric "-His Estimate of the American People-Morris's Tes
timony to Hamilton's Views and his own-Hostility of the Hamiltonians to the Con-
stitution-Fisher Ames's Declarations-Theodore Sedgwick's-Oliver Wolcott's, Sen.
-John Adams's-Other Tests besides Declarations-Does the Charge of a Monarchical
Party rest on Jefferson's Assertions? - The general Belief of the Republicans in the
Existence of a Monarchical Party-The seven first Presidents concur in that Belief-
General Washington's Testimony-John Adams's-Madison's-Monroe's John Q.
Adams's General Jackson's, .
:
CHAPTER XV.
1790-1791.
554
Construction of the President's Cabinet-Colonel Hamilton-General Knox-Edmund
Randolph-Cabinet politically "balanced"- How far otherwise balanced-Its Mode
of doing Business-Washington's Motives in balancing between Parties-Plan worked
smoothly for a Time-The Funding Bill-Madison's Course-Consequences of the Fund-
ing Bill-The Assumption-How forced through-The Public Loss by it-Jefferson's
Letters to France-Views on the French Constitution-Reports and Cabinet Opinions-
Illness Bill to protect Virginia and North Carolina Soldiers-Swindling-Free Com-
merce a Natural Right-Threatened Rupture between England and Spain-Jefferson's
Instructions to our Spanish Minister-To our French Minister-Conduct of Spain
towards the United States-Instructions to our English Diplomatic Agent-Jefferson's
Report to Congress-Uniformity of the Coinage, Weights and Measures-Accompanies
President to Rhode Island-Cabinet Questions in regard to Lord Dorchester-Jefferson's
Answer-Hamilton's President concurred with Jefferson Jefferson visits Home-Nine
Letters to his Daughters-Energetic Advice to President on English Affairs-His Advice
adopted-Import and Excise Bill-Symptoms of Public Dissatisfaction-Madison's
Course and Motives-United States Bank Bill passed Cabinet Opinions on it-Presi-
dent's Motives for signing it-Came near vetoing it-Jefferson's Letter to Mason-His Ac-
count of the Division of Parties-His Opinions of Hamilton and Adams Sources of Diffe-
rence between Jefferson and Hamilton-Manners-Interference in Congressional Affairs
-Hamilton's present Success-His different Classes of Adherents The Bank Mania-
Adulation-Ames to Hamilton-Hamilton the Dispenser-His Freedom from Venality-
Jefferson declares him a Monarchist- That he favored a Government "bottomed on
Corruption "What was meant by the Last Charge-" Corruptions of British Constitu-
tion"-Character of Hamilton's Mind-His Lack of Originality-Copied his entire Sys-
tem from England-Not a Wise Man in Practice-All his Structures have perished-
Defeated his own Ends by Overaction-Could have preserved a Moderately Consolidat-
ed Government-Was a Theorist and a Projector-Was an able Executive Man-The
Qualities which conspired to produce this-He was earnest and honest in his Principles
-Comparative Frequency of such men as Jefferson and Hamilton,
594