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distant parts of the islands, facilities for sleeping were arranged in the school buildings of Malate, Paco, and Samaloc. Each building was placed in charge of an American teacher, who was made responsible for the property that was used in furnishing it and given general supervision over the teachers from the provinces.

It was a noteworthy fact that of the teachers coming from the provinces about 10 per cent were able to speak English with some degree of fluency. These persons were representatives of the best intelligence and cultivation throughout the archipelago. Altogether 000 were enrolled and admitted to classes, and of this number 570 studied faithfully to the end of the term and were given certificates testifying to the fact of their attendance. Fortunately the Escuela Municipal contains a large hall, and in this the whole number were gathered at the end of the term for their closing exercises. The general superintendent of public instruction has expressed, in a public report, his appreciation and commendation of the work done by Dr. Barrows in the organization and successful conduct of this school.

In view of the large number of applicants for positions in the schools of Manila at the close of the preliminary term of the normal school, it was decided to make arrangements for determining definitely the qualifications of these applicants. Classes were organized under municipal authority for the purpose of examining applicants and for training those who were found not to be adequately qualified for the positions sought. These classes were in charge of four teachers and held sessions five days in the week. When Filipino teachers were needed in the city schools they were selected from the best of the highest class, and other applicants came in to fill the vacancies thus made. These classes were organized and maintained to carry on the work of normal instruction from the close of the preliminary term to such time as the regular work of the normal schools might be undertaken.

On the 6th of September Mr. E. B. Bryan, formerly of the University of Indiana, arrived and was at once put in charge of the normal school. Before any formal announcement of the opening of the school was made 250 students were enrolled. For the want of an adequate building this school was conducted in the Escuela Municipal, where the preliminary term was held. The same building is at present occupied in the forenoon by a graded school, to which pupils only are admitted who have essentially such a knowledge of English as may be expected of children who have this language as their mother tongue. Of such pupils 130 are at present enrolled. This makes it necessary to confine the sessions of the nornal school to the afternoon, but steps will be taken to provide for it a suitable building in the immediate future.

While this central normal school will furnish instruction to a large number of pupils, it is clearly seen that this number will represent only a fraction of those persons in the provinces who are at present

teaching or who propose to become teachers. To extend this instruction so as to embrace the largest possible number of persons in need of it, arrangements are being made for holding normal terms in the sev eral divisions. By assembling the teachers of the various divisions for a number of weeks each year and placing the Filipino teachers under the discipline and instruction of trained American teachers much will be done toward giving them knowledge needed in their profession and inspiring them with the enthusiasm and ambition requisite to render them efficient in their work.

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE.

By section 19 of act No. 74 it was provided that there should be established and maintained a school of agriculture in the island of Negros, and by section 24 of the same act the sum of $15,000 was appropriated out of any funds in the insular treasury not otherwise appropriated for the organization and maintenance of the school for the year 1901. It was, moreover, provided that the superior advisory board, created by section 4 of act No. 74, should recommend to the commission for final determination a proper site for this school. In view of the fact that the insular government owns a plantation of about 2,000 acres on the eastern side of Oriental Negros, about 35 miles from Bacolod, known as La Carlota, it was thought that this might be a suitable place for an agricultural school and experimental farm, but its inaccessibility has suggested that it might not be difficult to find a more advantageous site for the school, and one that might be readily reached from all parts of the islands. Whatever buildings the Spaniards constructed at La Carlota, and whatever appliances for instruction and cultivation were collected there, have been almost entirely destroyed or scattered.

The superior advisory board, on whom rests the duty of recommending a proper site, was only recently appointed, and has consequently made no recommendation. This board was appointed by the civil governor, and is at present composed of the general superintendent of public instruction, Sr. Tomas G. del Rosario, Sr. Pedro Serrano Loktaw, Sr. Demetrio Larena, and Sr. Mena Crisologo.

STATISTICS OF PUPILS.

It is impossible, on account of the short time that has elapsed since the majority of the American teachers were sent to their stations, to make a definite and correct statement of the number of pupils enrolled in all the public schools of the archipelago or to determine the ratio of those in regular attendance to the whole number enrolled. An estimate, based on reports already received and on the number of teachers employed, indicates that there are over 150,000 Filipino pupils enrolled in the free primary schools established by the Government,

P C 1901-PT 1—10

and that there are over 75,000 pupils in actual daily attendance. The discrepancy between the number of primary pupils enrolled and the number in actual attendance is in part due to the fact that in many towns schoolhouses are still used or occupied by the military authorities, and it is impossible to assemble all the pupils who wish to attend school. This estimate indicates, moreover, that there are between 3,000 and 4,000 elementary Filipino teachers engaged in the schools, about 2,000 of whom are daily receiving at least one hour of English instruction. There are also at least 10,000 adults receiving English instruction in the evening schools conducted by American teachers. Demands for the establishment of schools for the instruction of adults in English are coming from all parts of the archipelago, and the American teachers have been given authority to establish evening schools for giving instruction in English wherever they are needed. Judging from the applications and the numbers already under instruction, and considering the eagerness of the Filipinos to learn English, it is safe to say that within a few weeks between 20,000 and 30,000 adults will be attending these evening schools.

DEMAND FOR MORE TEACHERS.

Notwithstanding the large number of teachers already brought to these islands, the demand is by no means fully met. The teachers who have already come are cordially welcomed in the places to which they are assigned, and much disappointment has been expressed by the towns to which it has been impossible to send American teachers, and applications for them are continually being made by mail and telegraph. The distribution of the 769 American teachers already engaged is shown by Appendix B B, giving the towns to which teachers have been sent, and the number assigned to each town. In view of the unsettled condition in some parts of the islands, and the destruction of buildings during the war in other parts, and the difficulty of finding conditions of living suitable for women, it is deemed expedient in the immediate future to confine appointments to young men, of whom 200 or 300 more, well trained and of good character and willing to endure some discomfort and hardship, can be employed to advantage. Undoubtedly in the course of time, after the people have come to understand thoroughly that the occupations of peace are more profitable than those of war, the demand for the education of girls will be strengthened, and it will be necessary then to employ more women for their instruction. It will be seen by Appendix CC that the teachers already employed have been taken from all parts of the Union. Of the institutions that were authorized to make appointments a large number have left their quotas unfilled. A list of such institutions and officials is here given as Appendix DD. At present there are some 60 or 70 teachers already appointed, who will arrive in the islands during the

next few months, about 40 of whom will leave San Francisco in October. There remain, therefore, about 200 to be appointed to fill the authorized quota of 1,000, and for these positions there are on file about 3,000 applications, which will be carefully considered in making up the desired number.

The organization of the office force and the range of salaries paid to the superintendents, the clerks, and the teachers are shown in Appendix EE. This exhibit shows also the number of teachers or employees receiving each of the stated salaries. A small addition has been made to the salaries of many teachers in consideration of the extra work they are doing in the night schools. For details concerning the conditions of the country and the work of the bureau of public instruction reference is made to the report of Dr. Fred W. Atkinson, general superintendent of public instruction, attached hereto as Appendix FF. The report is somewhat fragmentary, since it was deemed inexpedient to embrace in it matter dealing with the early part of the school year, which has already been published in a report by Maj. Gen. Arthur MacArthur, lately military governor of the Philippine Islands.

NAUTICAL SCHOOL.

Since the date of the commission's last preceding report the Nautical School has continued its not very distinguished career. The number of students has increased, but they have not been subject to that rigidity of discipline demanded by the purposes of their instruction. This has been due, in large part, to irregularity of attendance and to the failure on the part of the parents of the boys to appreciate the importance of consecutive work. Until July of the present year the school held a somewhat independent position directly under the military governor. On July 3 it was determined, by a resolution of the commission, "that in the opinion of the commission the Nautical School should be made subject to the supervision of the general superintendent of public instruction, that the requisitions for appropriations for the same should be submitted to such superintendent, and that the head of the Nautical School should report to him." It is, however, doubted that the ends sought through the instruction here given can be attained except by a complete reorganization of the institution, which will soon be undertaken.

SENDING STUDENTS TO AMERICA.

It is recognized by the more intelligent persons in the different parts of the archipelago that the quickest and surest way for Filipino youth to acquire the English language and to arrive at an understanding of Western civilization as it exists in America is to live among Americans in the United States and be taught in American schools. Acting

on this knowledge, many parents have already enrolled their sons in American schools, and in certain provinces the several towns are making provision each to send and maintain a boy in some school in the United States.

Many propositions have already been made, both by persons in America and by persons in the Philippines, looking to the use of the funds of the insular government for this purpose. Hitherto, however, it has been considered expedient to allow individual and local zeal to carry on the work; yet the commission is aware of the immense advantage which will accrue to these islands by the extension of this practice. In no other way can young Filipinos, whose ancestors have been physically and intellectually removed from contact with modern life, acquire a thorough knowledge of Western civilization. When, therefore, the public schools are thoroughly organized, it may be well to hold out the privilege of some years of residence in an American institution of learning as a reward for extraordinary achievements on the part of some of the most proficient pupils in the public schools of the islands.

SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS.

The commission recommends

1. That Congress make appropriations to construct posts or garrisons for the army outside of the towns, so that they shall not be quartered in the towns.

2. That Congress be requested to confirm the legislation of the commission already enacted, and vest by Congressional enactment in the civil governor and commission and their successors to be appointed by the President the authority heretofore exercised by them under the instructions of the President, with the limitations therein contained, until January 1, 1904; and that provision be made in such legislation for a government to begin on January 1, 1904, and to be composed of a governor and the heads of four executive departments, to be appointed by the President; of an executive council, to consist of the governor and the four heads of departments, and four others to be appointed by the President (the executive council to consist both of Americans and Filipinos), and of a popular assembly of not exceeding 30 representatives, to be elected from districts to be determined after a census of the Filipino population in the islands; that in such government the members of the popular assembly shall serve for a term of two years, and the popular assembly shall be limited to an annual session of three months, from the 1st of January to the 1st of April, except as this may be extended by call of the governor for a definite period in extra session; that the power of the popular assembly shall be that of a coordinate branch of the legislature, except that in the case of appropriation bills, if the popular assembly shall fail to vote the appropriations required by law during its regular session of three months the right to vote such necessary appropriations shall

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