ELIZABETH, are explicit on the subject; and surely it is fitting that this most solemn SERVICE should be performed on the knees, as the attitude of deepest humiliation.

10. COMMON DIVISION of the LITANY.The LITANY is usually divided into four parts, namely, THE INVOCATIONS, THE DEPRECATIONS, THE INTERCESSIONS, and THE SUPPLICATIONS.

11. THE INVOCATIONS, to whom addressed -The doctrine which they inculcate.The INVOCATIONS are earnest appeals for mercy and forgiveness to each PERSON in the GODHEAD, first separately, and then collectively; whereby each PERSON is made the object of worship, and thereby acknowledged to be VERY GOD.

12. POSITION of the words of the opening clauses in the original LATIN - The place of emphasis necessary to give effect to their denunciation of an existing HERESY. In the original LATIN the first clause is "Pater de Coelis, Deus, miserere nobis," and so again, ·Fili, Redemptor mundi, DEUS; " and, thirdly, Spiritus Sancte, DEUS." The

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Confession of Faith in the DIVINITY of each

of the THREE PERSONS in the TRINITY is thus emphatically marked by the position of the word DEUSs in the end of the clause, and conveys the judgment of THE CHURCH against the SOCINIAN HERESY; which, like some of the more ancient Heresies, taught that JESUS was a mere man, who had no existence before he was conceived by the Virgin; that the HOLY GHOST was not a distinct Person; and that the FATHER only is truly God. It also maintained that CHRIST lived and died only to give mankind a pattern of heroic virtue, and to seal his doctrine by his death. ORIGINAL SIN, GRACE, and PREDESTINATION the Socinians treated as mere chimeras. The propagation of this heresy by FAUSTUS and LELIUS SOCINUS is generally assigned to A.D. 1560.

13. INTERPRETATION of the words De Coelis - Illustration of their meaning-Regulation of the pause in reading the INVOCATION. As applied to the FATHER, "de cœlis," which is equivalent to "cœlestis,"

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Heavenly, or dwelling in Heaven," is a distinctive epithet, implying that the SoN had once his abode on earth, and that the HOLY

GHOST still abides in the hearts of the Faithful in this World. Otherwise all are equally in Heaven with the FATHER. Thus, in English," of Heaven" is the same in effect with the words "which art in Heaven" in the LORD'S PRAYER; and it is wrong to read "the Father of Heaven" continuously, or without a pause, as is sometimes done.

14. THE DEPRECATIONS, to whom more immediately addressed, and why; their general and particular import. — The DEPRECATIONS are fervent prayers for deliverance from sin and its fatal consequences; and they are addressed more immediately to the SECOND PERSON in the TRINITY, as having made a full and sufficient atonement and satisfaction for Sin and Sinners on the CROSS. After a petition against Sin in general, with all evil and mischief, spiritual and carnal, there is an enumeration of particular offences, dangers, and judgments, among which deadly Sins, sudden death, Heresy, and Schism may be selected as instances more especially requiring explanation.

15. THE LAST DEPRECATION Considerations by which all are equally urged

times at which the DIVINE MERCY is more especially solicited. The last and perhaps most important petition is against impenitence and hardness of heart; which petition, with all those preceding, is sought by means of, and through faith in, all the particulars of our BLESSED SAVIOUR'S INCARNATION, HUMILIATION, and EXALTATION; and his aid is implored, not only "in all times of our tribulation," but " in all times of our prosperity (in the ENGLISH VERSION wealth,' which formerly had the same meaning), in the hour of death, and in the DAY of JUDGMENT."

16. MEANING of the expression "DEADLY SINS," according to the views of our CHURCH and those of the CHURCH of ROME respectively. - By DEADLY SINS are not to be understood mortal as opposed to venial sins, as if any sin, according to the ROMISH DOCTRINE could be venial; but those sins which, from their presumptuous and daring nature, are more deeply offensive in the sight of GOD, and against which the INSPIRED PSALMIST prays with peculiar earnestness, Psalm xix. 13 in our Version "Also from presumptuous sins withhold thy servant; let them not have

dominion over me: then shall I be blameless, and I shall be clear from any extreme transgression." The word in the original HEBREW which we have here literally translated (Mizadîm) from the adjective

(Zed or Zād), has a peculiarly expressive force, as meaning defiantly arrogant. The same word is used in Jeremiah xlix. 16, to express the "daring pride of thy heart."

17. THE PROBABLE more immediate IMPORT of the petition against Sudden death, and the appropriateness of it even in the ordinary acceptation of the term. — Although the CHURCH, in praying against sudden death, may have had especial regard to those, who are wholly unprepared to die, as is implied in the double epithet "subitanea et improvisa" (sudden and unprepared for) in the original LATIN LITANY; yet the supplication is properly general, inasmuch as even the best of men may well desire space for more efficient and calm preparation, and be ready to live for others, if not for themselves.

18. HERESY and SCHISM, how distinguished; the respective effects of each. — HERESY