us move on in our own old way. We are an old-fashioned people; incorrigi bly given to say, "the old is better." Have patience with us; have magnanimity and toleration.

Prove to us, from the Bible, that slavery such as I have defined it to be, is a sin in itself. Then prove, that it is a sin, which must be arraigned by the church though legalized by the state; for you know, that not every sin and folly, even not so legalized, can be tabled as a matter of process. Then prove, that the discipline must be summary; allowing of no chronic appliances; which characterize the exercise of discipline, in the great majority of other cases. And then, to crown all, prove, that you are infallibly right, and we are infallibly wrong; that, on this subject alone, there may be no diversity of judgment; that, while in every other question, or ecclesiastical form and procedure, latitude is allowed, in construing offences and administering the proper censure, you must be judge alone, and we are to become as heathen men and publicans, if we do not follow you.

Oh Sir, whither is the glory of New England Independency in danger of departing? Where is the spirit of freedom, in the intolerant fierceness for freedom? Turn not your noble heritage, of free and spontaneous judgments, into an engine of spiritual despotism; which has all the will, without the power, to excommunicate all that refuse to think with you, on just one point; when your prejudices and passions happen to be excited. But I am persuaded better things of you, as a body; and can say, from the heart, go on and prosper; God bless you, and make his countenance to shine upon you; and his beauty to rest upon you; and your branch, as well as ours, to become "an eternal excellency, the joy of many generations."

Bousehold Choughts.

DR. DODDRIDGE ON KEEPING BAD COMPANY.

AN ADDRESS TO THE YOUNG.

To fortify you against the danger of bad companions, and to engage you cautiously to avoid them, give me leave to bespeak the most serious attention of all that hear me, and especially of the younger part of my audience, while I urge on your consciences such considerations as these. Seriously reflect on the many unhappy consequences which will attend your going in the way of sinners. Think on those entertainments and pleasures that you give up for the sake of their society. And consider how little advantage you can expect from thence, to counterbalance the pleasures you resign, and the evils you incur by it.*

I. Let me entreat you seriously to reflect on the many unhappy consequences which will attend your entering into the path of the wicked, and going in the way of evil men.

You probably will, by this means, quickly wear out all serious impressions; you will be exposed to numberless temptations to sin and The first part. only, of the discourse is now reprinted.-ED.

folly, and thrown out of the way of amendment and reformation, and thus will be led into a great many temporal inconveniences, till at last you perish with your sinful companions, and have your eternal portion amongst them, in Hell.

1. By this means you will be in the ready way to lose all sense of religion, and outgrow the impressions of a serious education, if Providence have favoured you with it.

If your hearts are not harder than the nether millstone, some such impressions were surely made in your younger years; and I believe, few that have been trained up in religious families have entirely escaped them. If these are duly improved, they will end in conversion and glory; but, if they are resisted, they lead to greater obstinacy in sin, and throw the soul still farther from the kingdom of God. Now what can be more evident than the tendency of vain, and carnal conversation, to quench the blessed Spirit of God, and hinder the mind from falling in with his preparatory work upon it

I am persuaded, that if they, who are under some prevailing sense of Divine things, consider how difficult they often find it, to preserve those impressions on their spirits, in the company of some, who appear on the whole, to be serious people, even they will be afraid, frequently, to venture into the company of the sensual and profane. As Mr. Bolton finely expresses it, (m) "Throw a blazing firebrand into snow or rain, and its brightness and heat will quickly be extinguished; so let the liveliest Christian plunge himself into carnal company, and he will soon find the warmth of his zeal abated, and the tenderness of his conscience prejudiced." Now, if it be so detrimental to those that have deliberately devoted themselves to the service of God, and have had some experience of the goodness of his ways, judge how much more dangerous it must be to him, who has only some feeble desires, and, as yet, undetermined purposes in favour of it. Young people are extremely rash and credulous; and when you see your favourite companions neglecting serious godliness, and, perhaps, deriding it, it is a thousand to one, that you will not have the courage to oppose them; you will probably, at first, be silent; and then you will grow ashamed of your former tenderness; till, at last, seduced "by the craftiness of them that lie in wait to deceive,"(n) you may secretly censure religion, as an unnecessary and burdensome thing, if you are not transported so far as openly to revile it, and join in the senseless and impious cry against those that appear to be influenced by it.

Again, when you have been used to the pleasures of such company, and, perhaps, of that unbridled luxury which they may be ready to lead you into, you will, no doubt, lose your relish for all the entertainments of devotion. The hours you spend in the exercises of it in public, or in the family, will grow tedious, and almost insupportable to you; and you will rejoice when the dull work (m) Directions for Walking with God, page 10. (n) Eph. 4: 14.

is over, that you may return to your beloved companions again. Thus will all regard to religion be gradually worn out of your mind. And this seems to be the argument suggested by St. Paul, to dissuade the Corinthians from being "unequally yoked with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? or, what communion hath light with darkness?"(o) This alone would be a very considerable evil; but it is far from being all you have to fear for, I add,

2. By frequenting ill company, you lay yourselves open to many temptations, and probably will be drawn into a great deal of guilt.

You know, there is a strange force in example. "We are all," says Mr. Locke, "a kind of chameleons, that take a tincture from that which is near us."(oo) So that, if you converse with wicked people, you will probably become like them yourselves. It is an argument which Solomon urges against forming any peculiar intimacy with those that are passionate; and it is equally applicable to many other cases: "make no friendship with an angry man, and with a furious man thou shalt not go, lest thou learn his ways, and get a snare to thy soul."(p)

Alas, sinners, you are too apt to be led into guilt by your own corrupt hearts, even when you have the fairest advantages against it, amidst the wisest instructions, and the holiest examples; how forcibly then will the temptation assault you, when you see others, and those your most intimate friends, yield to it without any appearance of remorse? and when, it may be, you hear them pleading in favour of the compliance, and endeavouring to persuade you to join in the practice, as what they have themselves found delightful and advantageous?

It is no small evil for an immortal creature, who was sent into the world to serve God, and to secure a happy immortality, to live in vain, and trifle away hour after hour, in mere idleness and impertinence: yet this is the least sin that bad company leads a man into. Unhappy as this is, would to God that it always rested here! the world would, at least, be more peaceful, and your damnation, sinners, would be less intolerable. But daily observation undeniably proves, that by evil examples, and wicked companions, people generally learn gluttony and drunkenness, swearing and uncleanness. It engages them in foolish quarrels, in which they blaspheme the name of God, and injure their neighbour; and it habituates them to such extravagant ways of living, as they are forced to support by secret dishonesty, and very often by open robbery. Thus they gradually fall into those scandalous enormities, which at first they could not have thought of without horror. This fatal effect is plainly hinted at in Proverbs, where the wretch, that abandoned himself to the society of sinners, is represented as acknowledging that he "was almost in all evil, in the midst of the congregation and assembly;"(q) i. e. he was so hardened in his various crimes, as not (0) 2 Cor. 6 (00) Locke's Works, vol. iii, page 23. (p) Prov. 22: 24, 25. (9) Prov. 5 141.

: 14.

to be ashamed to commit, or at least to avow them, in the most

public manner.

3. By frequenting sinful company, you will throw yourselves out of the way of repentance and reformation.

I before observed, that you will, by this means, contract a disrelish for the exercises of devotion; and this will probably be attended with the neglect of those ordinances, which God hath appointed as the great means of our conversion and edification. And when these are neglected, how can you expect that God should pursue you with uncommon interpositions of his grace? That when his word is despised, and his house forsaken, he should seize you, as it were, by violence, amongst your dissolute companions, and convert you in your midnight revels? Your pious friends may indeed have some opportunities in private of expostulating with you, but it will require a great deal of resolution to attempt it; and when they do, they must take it as a peculiar favour if you give them a patient hearing, and don't affront and revile them for their charitable endeavour of delivering your souls "from the pit of destruction, and plucking you as brands out of everlasting burnings."(r)

But if we should allow, that their importunity, or any other consideration, should sometimes bring you within the hearing of an awakening, practical sermon, and some serious impression should be made upon your minds by it, it is very probable all those convictions will wear off, as soon as you return to your wicked companions again. One gay, licentious hour amongst them may undo the labour of many days and weeks, and presently teach you to laugh at yourselves for the former alarm, as if every fear had been vain, and every purpose of reformation needless. And thus your hearts will be like tempered steel, which gathers strength from every blow of the hammer, to make a more vigorous resistance to the next; and you will harden by all the most mollifying methods of Providence and of Grace, till at length you provoke the blessed Spirit, so often resisted, entirely to withdraw, and so you be sealed up under final impenitency. Thus the poor foolish creature I mentioned before, who was so fond of the society of sinners, is represented as reflecting too late, that all the wisest and kindest endeavours of his friends, for his reformation, had been utterly ineffectual. "How," says he, "have I hated instruction, and my heart despised reproof! I have not obeyed the voice of my teachers, nor inclined my ear to them that instructed me."(s) Thus incorrigibly disobedient will you be, if you enter into the path of sinners, and go in the way of evil men. In consequence of this,

4. You will undoubtedly find yourselves exposed to a great deal of present inconvenience and calamity, with regard to your temporal affairs.

Now, methinks, this consideration should at least have its weight with you, whose guilt it is, and whose ruin it too probably may be, to look only at "those things which are seen, and are temporal.”(t) (r) Amos 4 11. (s) Prov. 5: 12, 13. (t) 2 Cor. 14: 8.

I before observed, that by frequenting ill company, you will be under strong temptations to idleness. And thus you will, in all probability, waste your substance and shorten your days; and in the mean time lay a foundation for many diseases, which may give you an utter disrelish for all the comforts and entertainments of life, when you stand in the greatest need of relief from them. I add, that it is not at all unlikely, that the foolish quarrels into which it may lead you, may be attended with cost, or pain, and perhaps with both. And as for your reputation, which to a generous spirit is one of the dearest of all temporal enjoyments, I must plainly tell you, that if you determine to take no care in the choice of your company, you must necessarily give it up; for if, almost by a miracle, you should be kept from running, with your sinful associates, into the same excess of riot and folly; yet the very circumstance of taking pleasure in such sort of companions will be enough to overthrow it, in the judgment of wise and considerate people.

Such arguments as these does Solomon use, when cautioning his young readers against so dangerous an entanglement. He pleads the many temporal inconveniences and evils which attend it, and many of which I have just been mentioning. He observes that it tends to impoverish them: "He that follows after vain persons, shall have poverty enough:"(u) That, however, it may seem the cement of friendship, it often proves the occasion of enmity and contention:(w) for "Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babblings? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes? They that tarry long at the wine" with the partners of their midnight debaucheries. How much the health is impaired by it, is evidently suggested, when he represents the poor as mourning at last, when his "flesh and his body are consumed;"(x) and to add no more, he expressly tells us, that sinners by this kind of confederacies, "lay snares for their own blood, and lurk privily for their own lives;"(y) which he useth as an argument against complying with their proposals, when they seem most advantageous and accordingly we see that most of those unhappy creatures, who are the victims of public justice, and fall by the hand of the executioner, declare with their dying breath, that wicked company was the occasion of their ruin.

5. If you choose the society of sinners, you will probably perish with them, and have their company in Hell, as you have had it upon earth.

The probability of this dreadful consequence is but too apparent from what I have said under the former heads of this discourse. If you lose those religious impressions which were early made, if you are drawn into a great deal of sin, and thrown out of the way of repentance and reformation, what can the end of these things be? Or what can you reasonably expect, but that God should execute upon you all the fierceness of his wrath? And to cut off your vain, presumptuous hopes, and awaken you to that sense of danger, which (u) Prov. 28 19. (w) Prov. 23: 29, 30. (x) Prov. 5: 2. (y) Prov. 1 18.