formation, to the intent to make the rebels mightier in nomber and power, was diligently and cunningly supplyed, by sending into the realmë of a great multitude of the Seminaries* and lesuites, whose special charge was to informe the people thereof, as by their actions hath manifestly appeared.

And though D. Sanders hath thus written, yet it may be said by such as fauoured the two notable Iesuites, one named Robert Persons, (who yet hideth himself in corners to continue his traiterous practise) the other named Edmond Campion (that was found out, being disguised like a roister, and suffered for his treasons) that D. Sanders's treason is his proper treason in allowing of the sayde bull, and not to be imputed to Persons and Campion. Therefore, to make it plaine that these two, by speciall authoritie, had charge to execute the sentence of this bull, these actes in writing following shall make manifest, which are not fayned or imagined, but are verie writings taken about one of their complyces, immediatly after Campions death, although Campion, before his death †, would not be knowen of any such matter; whereby it may appeare what trust is to be giuen to the wordes of such Pseudo-martyrs,

Facultates concessa pp. Roberto Personio & Edmundo Campiano, pro Anglia, die 14 Aprilis, 1580.

PETATUR, a summo Domino nostro, explicatio bullæ declaratoriæ per Pium Quintum, contra Elizabetham, & ei adhærentes, quam Catholici cupiunt intelligi hoc modo, vt obliget semper illam et hæreticos, Catholicos vero nullo modo obliget rebus sic stantibus, sed tum demum quando publica ejusdem bullæ executio fieri poterit.

Then followed manie other petitions of faculties for their further authorities, which are not needefull for this purpose to be recited: But, in the end, followeth this sentence, as an answere of the Popes, Has prædictas gratias concessit summus Pontifex patri Roberto Personio, & Edmundo Campiano, in Angliam profecturis, die 14. Aprilis, 1580. Præsente patre Oliuero Manarco assistente.

The English of which Latten sentences is, as followeth,

Faculties graunted to the two Fathers Robert Persons and Edmund Campion, for England, the 14. Day of April, 1580.

'LET it be asked, or required, of our most holy Lorde, the explication or meaning, of the bull declaratory made by Pius the Fifth, - against Elizabeth, and such as do adheare or obey her, which bull the Catholiques desire to be vnderstood in this manner, that the same bull shall alwayes binde her and the heretikes, but the Catholiques it shall

• When put with Jesuits, properly signifies Secular Priests, in opposition to Jesuits. He was tried upon the Treason-Act, 25 Edward the Third, and convicted of endeavouring to stir up rebellion, and of obstinately maintaining, that the Queen was lawfully deposed; and, at the same time, for the same crime, Ralph Sherwin, Luke Kirby, and Alexander Brian, were executed: Before which time, (1581) no more than five Papists had been put to death in this reign. Camden.

by noe meanes bind, as matters or thinges doe now stande or be, but hereafter, when the publique execution of that bull may be had or 'made.'

Then in the end, the conclusion was thus added:

'The highest Pontiffe, or Bishoppe, graunted these foresaid graces to Father Robert Persons and Edmonde Campion, who are nowe to take their journeyes into England, the fourteenth day of Aprill, in the yere of our Lorde 1580. Being present, the Father Oliuerius Manarke assistant.'

Hereby it is manifest, what authoritie Campion had to impart the contents of the bull against the Queenes Maiestie, howsoeuer he himselfe denyed the same, for this was his errand.

And though it be manifest that these two Iesuites, Persons and Campion, not onely required to haue the Popes minde declared for the bull, but also, in their own petitions, shewed howe they and other Catholiques did desire to haue the sayd bull to be vnderstood against the Queene of Englande: Yet, to make the matter more plaine, howe all other Iesuites and Seminaries, yea, howe al other Papists, naming themselues Catholiques, doe, or are warranted to interpret the saide bull against her Maiestie, and her good subiectes, howsoever they will disguise it, you shall see what one of their fellowes, named Hart, who was condemned with Campion, and yet lyveth, did, amongst many other thinges, declare his knowledge thereof, the last of December, in the same yere, 1580, in these wordes following.

'The bull of Pius Quintus, for so much as it is against the Queene, is holden among the English Catholiques for a lawful sentence, and a sufficient discharge of her subiectes fidelity, and so remayneth in force; but, in some poynts touching the subiectes, it is altered by the present Pope. For, where in that bull all her subiectes are commanded not to obey her, and shee being excommunicate and deposed, all that doe obey her are likewise innodate and accursed, which poynt is perillous to the Catholiques: For, if they obey her, they be in the Popes curse; and if they disobey her, they are in the Queenes danger: therefore, the present Pope, to relieue them, hath altered that part of the bull, and dispenced with them to obey and serue her, without perill of excommunication; which dispensation is to endure, but till it please the Pope otherwise to determine.'

Wherefore, to make some conclusion of the matters before mencioned, al persons, both within the realme, and abroade, may playnely perceiue, that all the infamous libels lately published abroade in sundrie languages, and the slanderous reportes made in other princes courtes of a multitude of persons, to haue bene of late put to torments and death, onely for professing of the Catholique religion, and not for matters of state against the Queenes Maiestie, are false and shameles, and published to the maintenaunce of traitours and rebelles. And to make the

matter seeme more horrible or lamentable, they recite the particular names of all the persons, which, by their own catalogue, exceed not for these twenty fiue yeeres space, aboue the number of threescore, forgetting, or rather, with their stonie and sensles heartes, not regarding, in what cruel sort, in the tyme of Queene Marie, which little exceeded the space of fiue yeeres, the Queenes Maiesties raigne being five times as many, there were by imprisonment, torments, famyne and fire, of men, women, maidens and children, almost the number of foure hundred, beside such as were secretly murdered in prisons; and of that number, above twenty that had bene archbishoppes, bishoppes, and principal prelates or officers in the church, lamentably destroyed; and of women aboue threescore, and of children aboue fourtie, and amongst the women some great with child, and one out of whose bodye the child by fire was expelled aliue, and yet also cruelly burned: Examples beyond al heathen cruelty t. And most of the youth that then suffered cruel death, both men, women, and children (which is to be noted) were such, as had neuer by the sacrament of baptisme, or by confirmation, professed, nor was euer taught or instructed, or euer had hearde of any other kinde of religion, but onely of that which by their blood and death, in the fire, they did as true martyrs testifie. A matter of another sort to be lamented, in Christian charity, with simplicity of words, and not with puffed eloquence, then the execution in this time of a very fewe traytors, who also, in their time, if they exceeded thirtie yeres of age, had in their baptisme professed, and in their youth had learned the same religion which they now so bitterly oppugned. And, beside that, in their opinions they differ much from the martyrs of Queene Maries time: For though they which suffered in Queene Maries time continued in the profession of the religion wherein they were christened, and as they were perpetually taught, yet they never at their death denied their lawful Queene, nor maintained any of her open and forreine enemies, nor procured any rebellion, or ciuill warre, nor did sowe any sedition in secret corners, nor withdrewe any subiectes from their obedience, as these sworne seruants of the Pope have continually done.

And therefore, all these thinges well considered, there is no doubt, but all good subiectes within the realme doe manifestly see, and all wauering persons (not being led cleane out of the way by the seditious) will hereafter perceiuc, how they haue bene abused to go astray. And all strangers, but specially al Christian potentates, as emperours, kinges, princes, and such like, hauing their souereign estates, either in succession hereditarie, or by consent of their people, being acquainted with the very trueth of these her Maiesties late iust and necessarie actions,

In the two first years only of her persecution, which began in 1555. eight-hundred were put to death, Rapin, Vol. II. p. 48. Fol. And it is generally acknowledged, that she burnt at the sake five bishops, twenty-one divines, eight gentlemen, eighty-four artificers, one hundred husbandmen, servants and labourers, twenty-six wives, twenty-widows, nine virgins, two boys, and two infants, besides sixty-four more, who being persecuted for their religion, seven of them were whipt, sixteen perished in prison, and twelve more buried in dunghills. Burnet, Strype, Heylin. Speed, p. 826.

Especially if we recollect, that, by proclamation, she declared them rebels, and ordered them to be executed, without delay, by martial law, whoever were found reading an beretical book, and would not burn it. And she expresly forbid to pray for those who were executed, or even to say, God help them; which shewed, that it was not the conversion, but the destruction, of these she called hereticks she desired.

only for defence of herselfe, her crowne, and people, against open inua dors, and for eschewing of ciuill warres, stirred up by rebellion, will allow in their owne like cases, for a trueth and rule (as is not to be doubted but they will) that it belongeth not to a Bishoppe of Rome, as successour to Saint Peter, and therein a pastor spiritual; or if hee were the Bishoppe of all Christendome, as by the name of Pope he claymeth, first by his bulles or excommunications, in this sort at his will, in favour of traytours and rebels, to depose any soueraigne princes, being lawfully inuested in their crownes by succession in blood, or by lawfull election, and then to arme subiectes against their naturall lordes, to make warres, and to dispense with them for their othes in so doing, or to excommunicate faithfull subiectes, for obeying of their natural princes, and lastly himselfe to make open warre, with his owne soldiours, against Princes mouing no force against him.

For, if these high tragicall powers shoulde be permitted to him to exercise, then shoulde no empire, no kingdome, no countrey, no citie, or towne, be possessed by any lawfull title, longer then one such onely an earthly man, sitting, as he saith, in St. Peters chaire at Rome, should for his will and appetite, without any warrant from God or man, thinke meete and determine: An authoritie neuer challenged by the Lorde of Lordes, the Sonne of God, Iesus Christ, our onely Lord and Sauiour, and the onely head of his church, whilest he was in his humanitie upon the earth; nor yet deliuered by any writing, or certaine tradition from Saint Peter, from whome the Pope pretendeth to derive all his authoritie; nor yet from St. Paul, the Apostle of the Gentiles; but, contrariwise, by all preachings, preceptes, and writings, conteined' in the gospel, and other scriptures of the apostles, obedience is expresly commaunded to all earthly princes, yea, euen to kings by speciall name, and that so generally, as no person is excepted from such ductie of obedience, as by the sentence of Saint Paul, even to the Romanes, appeareth, Omnis anima sublimioribus potestatibus sit subdita; that is, 'Let every soul be subiect to the higher powers: Within the compasse of which law, or precept, Saint Chrisostome, being Bishoppe of Constantinople, writeth, that even apostles, prophets, euangelists, and monkes are comprehended. And for proofe of Saint Peters minde herein, from whome these Popes claime their authoritie, it cannot be plainlyer expressed, then when he writeth + thus: Proinde subiecti estote cuiuis humana ordinationi, propter Dominum, siue regi, vt qui superemineat, siue præsidibus ab eo missis: That is, Therefore be ye subiect to euery humane ordinance or creature, for the Lorde, whether it be to the King, as to him that is supereminent, or aboue the rest, or to his presidents sent by him.' By which two principal apostles of Christ, these Popes the pretended successours, but chiefely by that which Christ, the Sonne of God, the onely master of trueth, sayde to Peter and his fellow apostles, Reges gentium dominantur, vos autem non sic: That is, The Kings of the Gentiles haue rule ouer them, but you not so may learn to forsake their arrogant and tyrannous authorities in earthly and temporal causes ouer kings and princes, and exercise their pastorall office, as Saint

Rom. xiii. 1.

1 Peter ii. 13, 14.

6

Peter was charged thrise at one time by his Lorde and Master, pasce oues meas, Feed my sheepe,' and peremptorily forbidden to use a sworde, in saying to him, Conuerte gladium tuum in locum suum, or, mitte gladium tuum in vaginam: that is, turne thy sword into his place; or, put thy sworde into the scabbard.' All which preceptes of Christ and his apostles were duely followed and obserued many hundred yeres after their death, by the faithfull and godly bishoppes of Rome, that duely followed the doctrine and humilitie of the apostles, and the doctrine of Christ, and were holy martyrs, and thereby dilated the limittes of Christs church, and the fayth, more in the compasse of an hundred yeres, then the latter Popes haue done with their swordes and curses these 500 yeres, and so continued until the time of one Pope Hildebrand, otherwise called Gregory the Scuenth, about the yere of onr Lorde 1074; who first beganne to vsurpe that kinde of tyrannie, which of late the Pope, called Pius Quintus, and since that time, Gregory, now the Thirteenth, hath followed, for some example, as it seemeth That is, where Gregory the Seuenth, in the yere of our Lord 1074, or thereabout, presumed to depose Henry the Fourth, a noble emperour, then being, Gregory the Thirteenth, nowe at this time, would attempt the like against King Henry the Eightes daughter and heire, Queene Elizabeth, a soueraigne and a maiden queene, holding her crowne immediatly of God. And to the ende it may appeare to princes, or to their good counsellours, in one example, what was the fortunate successe that God gaue to this good Christian Emperour Henry against the proud Pope Hildebrand, it is to be noted, that, when the Pope Gregory attempted to depose this noble Emperour Henry, there was one Rodulphe, a nobleman, by some named the Count of Reenfield, that, by the Popes procurement, vsurped the name of the Emperour, who was ouercome by the sayde Henry the lawfull Emperour, and in fight having lost his right-hand, he, the said Rodulphe, lamented his case to certayne bishoppes, who, in the Popes name, had erected him vp, and to them he said, that the selfe same right-hande, which he had lost, was the same hande wherewith he had before sworne obedience to his lorde and master the Emperour Henry, and that, in following their ungodly counselles, he had brought upon him Gods heavy and iust iudgementes. And so Henry the Emperour, preuailing by Gods power, caused Gregory the Pope, by a synode in Italy, to be deposed, as in like times before him his predecessour Otho, the Emperour, had deposed one Pope Iohn, for many heynous crimes: and so were also, within a short time, three other Popes, namely, Siluester, Bennet, and Gregory the Sixt, vsed by the Emperour Henry the Third, about the yere of our Lord 1047, for their like presumptuous attemptes in temporall actions against the said emperours. Many other examples might be shewed to the Emperours Maiestie, and the princes of the Holy Empire nowe being, after the time of Henry the Fourth; as of Henry the Fifth, and after him of Fredericke the First, and Fredericke the Second, and then of Lewis of Bauar, all emperours, cruelly and tyrannously persecuted by the Popes, and by their bulles, curses, and by open warres, and likewise to many other the great kinges and monarches of Christendome, of their noble progenitors,