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REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.

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the two. These will probably have to be united with the Pacific coast part of Tayabas and made a Pacific province, though the commission has not found time yet to devote to the investigation and solution of this problem.

The policy of the commission in its provincial appointments has been, where possible, to appoint Filipinos as governors and Americans as treasurers and supervisors. The provincial secretary and the provincial fiscal appointed have uniformly been Filipinos. It will be observed that this makes a majority of the provincial board American. The commission has, in several instances, appointed to provincial offices former insurgent generals who have been of especial aid in bringing about peace, and in so doing it has generally acted on the earnest recommendation of the commanding officer of the district or province. We believe the appointments made have had a good effect and the appointees have been axious to do their duty.

THE ARMY AND THE PEOPLE.

In order to put the provincial governments on a strictly civil basis, General Chaffee, commanding general of the division, issued the following general order:

GENERAL ORDERS
No. 179.
I. The following-named provinces, Benguet, Pangasinan, Bataan,
Tayabas, Romblon, Oriental Negros, Antique, Leyte, Ambos Cama-
rines, Marinduque, Cavite, Surigao, Pampanga, Tarlac, Bulacan,
Masbate, Occidental Negros, Iloilo, Capiz, Albay, Sorsogon, Rizal,
Nueva Ecija, Misamis, having been designated by the United States
Philippine Commission as fully organized by legislative acts and as
being in such a satisfactory state of pacification and sufficiently well
advanced in all details of civil administration as to warrant passing
under the civil executive jurisdiction of the civil governor, it is ordered:
That wherever municipal police are organized and, except as pre-
scribed in paragraph 2 of this order, all United States troops at the
several camps located within the territorial limits of the provinces
named abstain from any and all attempts at coercion, control, influence,
or interference with the administration of civil affairs.

HEADQUARTERS DIVISION OF THE PHILIPPINES,
Manila, P. I., July 20, 1901.

The troops will at once be put under an efficient state of discipline and instruction to the end that no disorder may be charged to their account or annoyance caused the civil administration by reason of their presence. The conduct of the troops should facilitate rather than retard the maintenance of order, and all military persons will by their example show proper respect for civil administration and for all civil officers.

At all camps where the municipal police has not been organized the troops will continue to preserve order as heretofore, until such time as the organization of a municipal police is effected, upon the accomplishment of which the foregoing general instructions to troops will obtain. II. As a rule, interference by the military in civil affairs will correspond to the well known procedure in the United States.

When, under an emergency, the civil governor of the Philippine Islands shall make a request upon the commanding general of the

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REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.

Division of the Philippines for the assistance of troops, the latter will be governed by such instructions as they may receive from these headquarters.

When disturbances beyond the control of the local municipal police arise in remote provinces, not within telegraphic communication, namely, in the provinces of Surigao, Masbate, Marinduque, and Romblon, the senior military officer on duty in the province is authorized to render needful assistance to the civil authority upon written or telegraphic request of the provincial civil governor.

In this connection the attention of all officers is invited to the general regulations governing such duty as outlined in Article LII, paragraphs 486-491, inclusive, Army Regulations.

In cases where the assistance of the military arm has been asked for full report of the fact with attending circumstances, action taken, and result thereof, will be promptly submitted through regular military

channels.

III. In the provinces of Batangas, Cebu, and Bohol all civil courts now in operation will be permitted to discharge their functions in all cases of citizen versus citizen or civil official versus citizen or vice versa; the military taking over jurisdiction in all cases where it is charged by a military officer that a party is giving information or rendering assistance to person or persons engaged directly or indirectly in insurrection; for assassination or attempt at assassination of person or persons engaged or employed in the military service; for murder or attempt at murder of citizens because of service rendered or supposed to have been rendered to troops in any manner whatsoever, either voluntarily or under compulsion. Military jurisdiction will also attach directly in cases of all disorders in places not actually the residence of a civil judge and trial by provost courts will obtain in such places. At place of residence of the civil court, disorderly persons, if arrested by the military, will be placed under control of the civil court.

The writ of habeas corpus having been suspended by an act of the Philippine Commission within the provinces and sections above mentioned in this paragraph, prisoners in custody by military authority are lawfully detained and the reasons therefor may not be demanded by any civil judge.

IV. Officers responsible for revolvers, shotguns, ammunition and equipments therefor, the property of the United States, now in use by municipal police, shall obtain from the presidente of each municipality receipts therefor in quadruplicate, one to be retained by the officer and three forwarded to these headquarters for disposition as follows: (1) To the civil governor, (2) to the chief ordnance officer in the division. Upon obtaining these receipts from the various presidentes the officer responsible for the property will invoice it to the chief ordnance officer of the division, who is directed to receipt therefor. The chief ordnance officer will then present to the civil governor of the islands, through these headquarters, a bill for the cost price of the foregoing arms and equipments which, when paid for, will become the property of the insular government as a means of arming their municipal police.

V. In Jolo, Tawi Tawi, Zamboanga, Cotabato, Davao, Dapitan, Paragua, and Mindoro, where provincial civil government has not been established but where civil courts have been instituted, commanding officers, upon written request of the court, may detail an intelligent noncommissioned officer or private to serve and execute written processes issuing therefrom.

REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.

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VI. In unorganized territory, also in organized provinces, or parts thereof under military jurisdiction, collectors of customs, inspectors of customs, and collectors of internal revenue will discharge their duties as insular officers, reporting direct and making direct return to the civil government, and it should be understood by all commanding officers that the foregoing civil officials perform their functions under the direction of the civil executive jurisdiction of the civil governor. VII. Commanding officers of all military stations will report at once, through proper military channels, when the municipal organization of the towns in which they are located (within their commands) is complete, giving the number of police, their rank, etc., and how they are armed.

VIII. Under the orders of the President as contained in the Executive order of June 21, 1901, all territory in the Philippine Islands not fully organized for civil government and formally transferred to the civil government will remain under military control, and its civil affairs will be administered as heretofore through the executive authority vested in the military governor.

IX. The restoration of organized provinces to civil control and the extension of civil government to territory still remaing under military control will, for the information of all concerned, be announced from time to time in general orders from these headquarters.

X. In connection with the foregoing, the following act of the United States Philippine Commission is published:

[Act No. 173.]

AN ACT restoring the provinces of Batangas, Cebu, and Bohol to the executive control of the military governor.

By authority of the President of the United States, be it enacted by the United States Philippine Commission, That:

Whereas in the provinces of Batangas, Cebu, and Bohol, which have been organized as provinces under the provincial government act, armed insurrection continues, and in the opinion of the commission it will facilitate the pacification of these provinces to remove them from the executive control of the civil governor and to put them under the executive control of the military governor.

SECTION 1. The provincial and municipal officers of the provinces of Batangas, Cebu, and Bohol shall report to the military governor, and the military governor shall have the power to remove them and appoint others in their places, anything in the provincial act, the special acts organizing said provinces, or the municipal code to the contrary notwithstanding.

SEC. 2. In case of military necessity, the military governor shall have the power to suspend the operation of any part of the laws of the commission applicable to the government of the provinces above named, and to substitute therefor, temporarily, general orders having the effect of law.

SEC. 3. The writ of habeas corpus in the civil courts of the three provinces named shall not issue therefrom for the release of prisoners detained by order of the military governor or his duly authorized military subordinates.

SEC. 4. The courts established by the commission in the three provinces above named shall continue to discharge their ordinary functions, civil and criminal, provided that the military governor is empowered to provide for the trial of ordinary crimes and misdemeanors by military commissions and provost courts, and to designate what of the ordinary crimes and misdemeanors shall be tried before such commissions or provost courts, and what crimes, if any, shall be tried in the civil courts. SEC. 5. The public good requiring the speedy enactment of this bill, the passage of the same is hereby expedited in accordance with section 2 of "An act prescribing the order of procedure by the commission in the enactment of laws," passed September 26, 1900.

SEC. 6. This act shall take effect on its passage.
Enacted, July 17, 1901.

By command of Major-General Chaffee:

W. P. HALL, Assistant Adjutant-General.

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REPORT OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.

One of the great desires of the people of the provinces is protection against the robbers and ladrones of their own race. They have wished for the presence of American troops to afford them this protection. Troops spend money in the towns where they are stationed and this also makes their presence desirable. But these benefits are becoming more and more offset by disadvantages that cause a good deal of irritation, and the people would now much prefer immediate protection by means of civil police. The army occupies the priest's house or convento, municipal and provincial buildings, the schoolhouses, and often many of the best private houses for officers' quarters, while their owners are required to live in nipa shacks. Rents are arbitrarily fixed and in many instances are either paid at long intervals or not at all. It does not promote the best feeling to throw soldiers and natives so closely together as this quartering of soldiers involves, especially if discipline is lax, as it sometimes is, and the longer these conditions continue the more irritating they will become. Nothing would delight the people of the provinces more than to see the American soldiers withdrawn to posts outside the towns. It would be vastly better for the people and the soldiers. The change is urgently recommended.

THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT.

The central government of the islands established in September, 1900, under the instructions of the President, with a military governor as chief executive and the commission as the legislative body with certain executive functions in addition, continued until the 4th of July, 1901. At that time Maj. Gen. Adna R. Chaffee relieved Major-General MacArthur as commanding general of this division and military governor. By the order of June 21, previous, in all organized provinces the civil executive authority theretofore reposed in the military governor and in the commission was transferred on July 4 to a civil governor. The president of the commission was designated as civil governor. He was inaugurated with appropriate ceremonies on July 4. His inaugural address is appended to the report as Appendix D.

By an order taking effect September 1, the purport of which was announced the 4th day of July, there were added to the commission, as a legislative body, three Filipinos, Dr. T. H. Pardo de Tavera, Señor Benito Legarda, and Señor José Luzuriaga. These gentlemen, the first two of them residents of Manila and the last a resident of the island of Negros, had been most earnest and efficient in bringing about peace in the islands. Dr. Tavera was the first president of the Federal party, had accompanied the commission in its trips to the southern provinces, and was most useful in the effective speeches which he delivered in favor of peace and good order at every provincial meeting. Señor Legarda had been valuable in the extreme to

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