Pickering 5-4-29 19214 PREFACE. THIS second volume1 acquaints the reader with no small revolution in the belief and worship, in the revenues and jurisdiction of the Church. This matter, not carried at first without opposition, and descending in the consequences upon after ages, must of course be differently received. I am sensible, a subject of so nice and weighty an importance, cannot be undertaken without standing some hazard. When men's opinions are contested, when they are not entertained in their humour, nor caressed in their imagined interest, they are apt grow disconcerted, and run out into censure. But a Church historian especially, ought to be proof against attacks of this kind. His business is neither to take too much freedom with the dead, nor to be overawed by the living. Caution in excess, affectation of popularity, and mercenary regards, are dangerous qualities: he that seeks to please men, upon these motives, cannot be the servant of Christ. to On the other hand, where truth and public service will give leave, gentle usage, and smooth report, are clearly to be preferred. A prosecuting manner, when unseasonably indulged, is an argument of prejudice, and ill nature; it tends only to give disgust, and provoke to reprisals. A writer, who without necessity, bears hard on the credit of others, takes the likeliest 1 Viz. the second volume or second part of the original folio edition. Gal. i. 10. iii. iv. London, methods to raise a party against his own. I hope there will be no just occasion for a charge in this article. But professions of candour are, it may be, to little purpose. The critics are sometimes disposed to overlook the evidence, to press into the dark, to conjecture beyond appearance, and pronounce unkindly upon the mind and intention. I must confess an author's fate lies too much at mercy this way, were it not for the relief of an appeal to a higher court. To qualify myself for the following undertaking, I have looked out for the best materials: and had the good fortune to succeed in this preparatory search. I received the favour of free access to the public repositories of records: some worthy gentlemen of my acquaintance have likewise obliged me with very valuable remains in manuscript. The places, and persons, are inserted in the margin, which I mention here by way of acknowledgment. Some prints which I have made use of, are, upon the score of their scarceness, no less curiosities than those unpublished. And of this, the first Common Prayer drawn up in the reign of king Edward VI., might have passed for an instance. But about half a year after I had gone through a short defence of this service, and transcribed the Communion Office, a book entitled, "The Dignity of the Episcopal Order," &c., appeared in print. In this treatise, as I am informed, (for as yet I have not given myself the satisfaction of perusing it,) some part of that Common Prayer is published. As to this, I must say, I knew nothing of the learned author's design: neither was I acquainted with his having vindicated the eucharistic sacrifice, until I had finished my remarks upon that subject. As the main points in difference between the Churches of Rome and England came up, I have endeavoured, in both parts of this history, to justify the reformation of the latter. And here it may be observed, the council of Trent convened in the reign of king Henry VIII., has disserved the union of Christendom. For instance: this synod has decreed disputable doctrines into articles of faith. And whereas, before, either side of the censure; now, that Paul's question might have been held without liberty is gone; and every one is obliged to come up to the terms of the council. Amongst these Father misfortunes may be reckoned, their setting Scripture and Hist. of the tradition upon an equal footing of authority, and extending the Council of canon to the Apocrypha. Pope Pius IV.'s creed will furnish Du Pin's somewhat farther. Thus instead of relaxing, they have drawn Hist. the knot closer, thrown in new difficulties, and made the con- vol. 2. ditions of communion more shocking and impracticable. Trent. New Eccles. cent. 16. In the course of this work I had occasion to take notice that one question, of no small importance, does not properly lie within the cognisance of the long robe. But in this remark I meant no abatement of regard to that profession. The law is a very useful and creditable employment. It requires industry and close thinking; and without natural fund, time, and application, there is little progress to be expected. I heartily wish the clergy would imitate their predecessors, and make it more of their study. In my humble opinion, Coke's Institutes would be better furniture than Calvin's Institutions; and the reading the Statute-book much more serviceable than some systems of Dutch divinity. The Jewish priests understood property, and Deut. xvii. pleas of the crown. The pontifical college of the old Romans Gutherius, were famous for attainments of this kind; and so were the English Churchmen in former ages. Were this custom revived in those of that function, they might meet with an encouraging return. A moderate improvement in this knowledge would guard their interest, oblige their parish, and strengthen their character. Neither would this be any encroachment on a foreign employment, any interloping upon the Inns of Court: for the constitution is no inclosure: it is designed for common benefit and, as king James I. justly observes, every subject ought to understand the laws under which he lives. Deut. xxi. de Veter. Pontific. worth's When the first part of this history was finished, only five Wenttomes of the Tower Records were published by Mr. Rymer, Office of which I then made use of; but now that number is increased Præf. to fourteen. And since most of these collections fall short of Executors, V. An. 45 E. 3. Fœdera, Conventiones, Acta Publica, &c. tom. 6. p. 651. vi. the reign of king Henry VII., a brief account, I conceive, of what is most remarkable may not be amiss. In the first place, I shall transcribe king Edward III.'s license to the bishop of London for imprisoning an heretic, and keeping him in safe custody, till he should recant his mispersuasion, and return to the belief of the Church: - "Rex venerabili in Christo Patri S. eadem gratia episcopo Londoniæ salutem. "Quia accepimus per inquisitionem vestram quod Nicholaus de Drayton vestræ diœcesis super erroribus contra articulos fidei Catholicæ, populo nostro, in diversis locis in diœcesi vestrâ, per ipsum publicatis, coram vobis congrue convictus, et pro hæretico adjudicatus existit; quodque in suo errore nefando, animo indurato, nequiter perseverans, ad fidei Catholicæ unitatem redire non curavit, nec curat in præsenti, licet sæpius ad hoc excitatus, et inductus, sententiam majoris excommunicationis in hac parte incurrendo, in animæ suæ grave periculum, et plurimorum perniciosum exemplum. "Cum igitur sancta mater Ecclesia ita tales hæreticos prosequitur ne suo veneno alios inficiant, ut in carceribus custodiri præcipiat. "Super quo nobis supplicastis, ut vobis dictum Nicholaum carcerali custodia vestræ mancipare, et ipsum in carcere vestro custodire, quousque errorem suum hujusmodi nefandum revocaverit, et ad fidei Catholicæ unitatem redire voluerit, licentiam in hac parte specialem concedere dignemur; nos supplicationi vestræ prædictæ gratanter concedentes, ad ipsum Nicholaum hæreticum carcerali custodia vestræ mancipare, et ipsum in carcere vestro custodiri faciendum quousque dictum errorem suum revocaverit, et ad fidei Catholicæ unitatem redire voluerit, quantum in nobis est, licentiam concedimus specialem. In cujus, &c. "Teste rege apud Westmonasterium vicesimo die Martii.” From this licence, it is plain it was not the custom of the |