PRINTERS' MARKS. The following are the most important of the remaining marks used in printed discourse. Some of them are used wholly by printers, and the others are mostly so used: 1. Accents are used to mark the stress of voice on vowels. The Acute [] denotes a rising tone of voice, or sometimes a simple stress; the Grave [] a falling tone, or that the final vowel over which it is placed, as in French words and words ending in èd, is sounded; the Circumflex [^] that the vowel over which it is placed is sounded with both a rising and a falling tone, as âh in sarcasm. 2. Braces.—These are used to show that two or more terms are connected with another term; as, Philology, Aids to History (Anthropology 3. Brackets.—When a parenthetical expression is too little connected with the text for inclusion in marks of parenthesis, Brackets [] are used. Such cases are: (1) to inclose some word or words necessary to correct an error or afford an explanation; (2) in dictionaries, to inclose the pronunciation or etymology of a word; (3) in dramas, etc., to inclose directions to the players. 4. The Cedilla.—This mark is placed under the letter c [s] to show that it has the sound of s; as, façade. 5. The Diæresis [.] is sometimes placed over the second of two vowels to show that they are pronounced separately; as, zoology, coöperation. 6. Marks of Ellipsis [**** -] denote the omission of letters, words, sentences, and paragraphs. Rhet.-35. 7. Marks of Emphasis call attention to some statement. They are, (1) the Index [Bo], and (2) the Asterism [***]. 8. Reference-marks are generally used to refer to marginal notes. They are, (1) the Asterisk [*], (2) the Obelisk, or Dagger [+], (3) the Double Dagger (1), (4) the Section [S], (5) Parallel lines [ll], and (6) the Paragraph [7]. When a greater number is required, these marks are either doubled, or letters and numbers are employed. 9. The Section [S] indicates a subdivision of a chapter. 10. The Tilde [N] is a character written above the letter n in Spanish words, to show that the letter should be sounded as if spelled with a y; as, cañon (canyon). II. Quantity-marks serve to indicate the quantity of a vowel. The Macron (-), placed over a vowel, shows that it has the long sound, as a in äge. The breve [-], placed over a vowel, shows that it has the short sound, as a in răn. 12. The Ditto Mark [6] is used to indicate that the words above are to be repeated; as, 10 lbs. Butter @ 50c. .$5.00 бос. . 5.40 This mark should not be used in repeating the names of persons. Every name should be written in full. 13. Leaders are dots used to carry the eye from words at the beginning of the line to something at the end of it, usually the number of the page; as, Invention......... •page 40. 14. Italics are letters inclined to the right. They (1) mark an emphatic word; and (2) in the English Bible show that the words so printed are not in the original. In writing, Italics are indicated by drawing one line under the word to be italicized. 9 . INDEX. A PAGE 135 207 409 147 .275-7 321 143 409 409 268 “ But,” misuse of. 141 25 142 181 ..230-232 с 277 144 148 376 375 405 340 344 ..17, 30 409 339 320 Circumlocution, defined.. .120, 197 154 ...21, 32 adverbial... ...24, 32 bad effect of supplementary........ 193 .238, 239 32 contraction of ...... . 54, 55-63 position of..... 31 382 191 restrictive, and non-restrictive..... 30 186 26 182 words introducing.......21, 22, 23, 25, 27 Clearness of construction.. 180-189, 213, 324 321 186 85 Climax....... 206 Colon, rules for..... 396 374 -382–396 30 148 defined example of. IO 22 21 143 PAGE PAGE ..29-34 -54-63 9 338 255 Contrasted members, construction of. 202 ....35, 38 148 350 37 39 D ...35, 37 339 402 143 148 120, 122 75 409 133-178 371 84 Direct form of discourse, explained. 112, 113 144 309-311 350 142 374 E 354 370 52 union of dissimilar. 85 338 409 148 ..220, 238 marks of...... 410 198 195 182 372 144 373 35 Epigram. .240, 241 144 152 318 36 Euphemism .... ....120, 123 :36, 187 Exclamation, energy promoted by.... 205 25 in varying expression.. 400 76 143 III II2 I10 212 122 ΙΙο 220 PAGE PAGE 311 ..64, 66 149 106 107 ..188, 213 by direct discourse.. 212 by exclamation... 107 109 by substitution. 107 by transposition. 115 108 178 F 241 231 123 374 Fiction..... 322 ...64, 65 ..218-244 Classification of.. Allegory... 230 238 217 235 244 Epigram.. 240 Hyperbole 243 Irony. 241 Litotes... 244 Metaphor.. 224 Metonymy.. 232 228 233 Simile.... 220 Synecdoche.. 234 Vision... 237 “ Folks,” criticised.. 145 Foot, poetical, defined. 337 Foreign words... 136 “From thence," etc., criticised.... 143 229 .222-224 “Got,” misuse of. 141 H 235 .169, 170 142 ...214-217 ...272-275 Historical, composition, varieties of .. 320 373 109 244 .176, 177 210 |
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