the Annals of the Four Masters, a Parliament was given to the people of Ireland (for previous thereto these assemblies were only composed of the English or Anglo-Irish Lords and proprietors), the assembly was attended by, amongst others, Connell O'Mulloy. The Queen at the same time issued her warrant to the Lord Deputy, for taking surrenders of men's estates of inheritance in Ireland, and regranting same to be held of her Majesty. This document is preserved in the British Museum, and amongst those who availed themselves of the proffer was the above Connell O'Mulloy. Previous to this period, at some of those suggested intervals of conciliation, the O'Mulloy was appointed by the Crown, hereditary bearer of the British Standard in Ireland, in right of which honour an official coat of arms was granted, representing vert a mounted knight in armour, on a steed richly caparisoned argent, and bearing in his hand the British standard proper, and on his shield the family arms. This right was recognized in 1595, when, on the march of the Deputy, Sir William Russel, to the north, the Royal standard of England was borne on the first day, as within the Pale, by O'Mulloy, and on the next, after passing out of the Pale, by O'Hanlon(a); the privilege was subsequently, in 1634, testified, and the armorials exemplified by certificate from the Office of Arms. When the last-mentioned Deputy, after his said progress into Ulster, besieged O'Madden's Castle of Cloghan, in Lusmagh, the retainers of Teigue O'Mulloy were, in aid of his object, directed to keep ward in a particular quarter, lest any of the garrison should escape. "About midnight my Lord visited the watch, and, understanding of some women to be within the castle, sent to them again, and advised them to put forth their women, for that he intended the next morning to assault the castle with fire and sword, but they refused so to do, and would not suffer their women to come forth"(b). In 1597, the chief seat of this family was at Broghill, about which time Doctor Molloy, a member of the family, relates

(a) Cox's History, vol. i. p. 407.

(b) Sir William Russel's Journal, MS. in Brit. Mus.

in the preface to his Irish Grammar, that his ancestor there entertained in the Christmas holidays 960 men in his house, though, from the ravaged state of the country by civil war, provisions were extremely scarce. In 1599, "when the Earl of Essex, Lord Deputy, heard to what great straits O'Connor Sligo was reduced (by Red Hugh O'Donnel), he was much grieved, and sent to Sir Conyers Clifford to meet him in Fearcal, to consult upon what was best to be done; the Governor went to Fearcal, and there staid in consultation with the Lord Justice for two days"(a). "A Treatice of Ireland," by John Dymmok, written about the year 1600, and lately printed by the Irish Archæological Society, says of Fearcal: "A portion of the County of Ophaly is called Fearcal, a place so strong as nature could devise to make it by wood and bog, with which it is environed, which, for the natural strength thereof, the rebels in those parts have, ever since the beginning of these wars, made a storehouse for all their preys, peaceably enjoying there, without molestation, what they had injuriously robbed from other parties. In Fearcal from Durrow (whither the Lord Lieutenant purposed to conduct his army), leadeth a way through a thick wood, and over two fords, both of them, besides their natural difficulties, entrenched and plashed in such manner (as his Lordship was persuaded by them, to whom the country was well known), to leave the accustomed way, and to pass the River Durrow, by a bridge which his Lordship caused to be made, to which work the rebel gave no impediment, although that for the advantage of the place he might, with a very small number, and without any loss, have defeated the passage. The army arrived late that night at Ballycowen, half a mile from which is Ardnegroffe, whither Sir Conyers Clifford, Governor of Connaught, was come, with 9 companies of foot, according to direction which the Lord Lieutenant had given him by his letters, not many days before. Sir Conyers Clifford was sore fought with, all his entrance into Fearcal, having 10 men slain and 40 hurt, which loss was, by the virtue of his men, doubled upon the

(a) Life of Red Hugh O'Donnel, MS.

rebels, of whom were slain and hurt about 100." The survey of 1616, taken with the object of a total transplantation of this territory, sets down Fearcal as containing 49,235 A., most of which were to be parcelled out amongst the undertakers, while the old proprietors were prohibited even from resuming their ancient name of O'Mulloy. The chief rectories of the district had, after the dissolution, been found appropriate to the monastery of Grany, in the County Kildare, and were granted to sundry lay proprietors, while the friary of Kilcormack, the burial ground of the old chiefs, was granted to Robert Leycester, who appears to have been an ancestor of Sir Peter Leycester, of Nethertabley, in Cheshire, the celebrated historian and antiquary. From that family it passed to the ancestors of the present Count Magawley, whose great grandfather, Sir Francis Magawley, having erected a town at Kilcormack, near a ford, over the lesser Brosna, gave it the present name of Frankford. The patent rolls of the reigns of King James, and Charles the First, abound with grants as of tracts in Fearcal, forfeited by the attainders of the O'Mulloys. Hugh O'Mulloy alone of this ill-fated sept was pensioned, as thus recorded in a "List of Pensions" in the British Museum: "Hugh O'Mulloy receives £30 88. 4d., to continue during pleasure. He is an old servitor, and comes to church, and hath been wounded in the wars, and parted with a part of his lands, by the late plantations, being the first of his name that submitted thereto, and hath a great charge of children on his hands." In an election held at Philipstown, in 1613, for choosing the Parliamentary representatives for the King's County, Caillach O'Mulloy and Sir John Mac Coghlan were named by a very large majority of the freeholders, but the sheriff made a dissentient return, as fully set forth in the "Desiderata Curiosa Hibernica" (vol. i. p. 340, &c.) In 1619, Nelan O'Mulloy, possibly as the result of similar submission with that of Hugh, was presented by King James to the vicarage of Fearcal. In December, 1641, the Marquis of Clanricard wrote from Portumna to the Lord President of Connaught. "There is a general concurrence of the same distemper throughout the whole kingdom, which hath lately broke out in the ad

joining borders of Ormond and the King's County, and some small pillages already made here by some stealing over the river, the Mulloys, most of the Coghlans, the Geoghegans, the Kennedys, all the neighbours adjoining to this, preying and spoiling to the very passage and entrance to this county, so that I am enforced to place garrisons at Clonfert, Meelick, and Clonthuskert, and my own company in this town, for the guard of the place and my family therein." In the February following the Lords Justices proclaimed, amongst other individuals, Art O'Mulloy, of Rathleen, and Owen O'Mulloy, of Clonekeen, in the King's County, as "apparent, notorious, ungrateful, wicked, vile, and unnatural traitors and rebels," and "warranted and authorized all His Majesty's good and loving subjects to pursue, and plague with fire and sword, apprehend, destroy, and kill, by all the ways and means they may, all the said persons, their partakers, aiders, maintainers, comforters, confederates, complices, and associates." The above Art O'Mulloy was one of those, who aided Lord Clanmalier in besieging Lady Digby, at Geshil(a), where her gallant defence assimilates her character to that of the Countess of Derby, in England. In the subscription of those who, in 1646, repudiated the peace of Ormond, occur the names of Arthur Mulloy, with his whole family, and Morgan Mulloy, with three Captains of his sept, while, in the express words of the Act of Settlement of 1662, no less than twelve members of the Mulloy family are recognized as "having faithfully served the King's cause in parts beyond sea."

Here, resigning the narrative of the elder line of this sept, the memoir must follow, as more apposite to this work, the fortunes of one who, though then a younger brother, appears to have carried to his descendants, by survivorship, the captaincy of the O'Mulloys. Some years previous to the last-mentioned transactions, early in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Anthony O'Mulloy, a younger son of Hugh Oge O'Mulloy, recorded to have been the chief of Fearcal in 1553, migrated to the county of Roscommon,

(a) See Lodge's Peerage, vol. vi. p. 280.

where it would seem, from a notice hereafter in the history of the Barony of Boyle, ad ann. 1252, some of his sept had, at a far earlier period, resided, and given name to the district "Tirfither-O'Mulloy," which may be identified with that subsequently granted to the great O'Mulloy, as below mentioned. This Anthony intermarried with Honora Dowell, of the Mantua family, about which time, according to tradition, he filled the important office of Provost Marshal of Connaught, being himself settled at Cloneskean, in said county, as proved by a grant from King James to George Sexton, of various lands in that county, wherein Cloneskean is described as 66 one quarter, now, or late in the tenure of Green O'Mulloy" (for so was he popularly called) "with a chapel built thereon." The word "late" here used confirms the date of Captain Anthony's death, which occurred in July, 1603, as shewn also by an inquisition preserved in the office of the Chief Remembrancer, Ireland. The son and heir of this Anthony was William O'Mulloy, of Oughter-tire, i. e. "upper country," whom Lodge designates "the great O'Mulloy, Governor and Knight of the shire, for the County of Roscommon." In 1618 he had a magnificent grant from King James, comprising the following extensive possessions within the barony of Boyle: "the manor, castle, town, and lands of Croghan Lugnashammer, otherwise Ardaghluske, one quarter; Rusheens, otherwise Cartrons, one quarter; Cashelkellew, one quarter; Ardmore, one quarter; Killappoge, one quarter; Bunrewagh or Dunrewagh, otherwise Drummins, one quarter; that half-quarter of Innagh, lying next to Croghan; Carricknaborragh, half a quarter; Dowagh, one cartron; Cloondacarrowe, half a quarter; Brackluon and Annaghmona, half a quarter; Lisfarrelboy and Dromrushna, half a quarter; Clownkeen, half a quarter; the town, lands, and two quarters of Annagh-Ilangane; Knockneshenagh, one quarter; Carrowgarry, Lisseduff, Drumard and Drommorenecarrow, half a quarter; Cooledacagh, one quarter; the Glories, one quarter and a half; Clegnagh and Clowngreaghane, one quarter; thirteen cartrons, or 13 parts in 16 of the four quarters of Ballyfermoyle; Tawnadrissogue, half a cartron, saving to Bryan Mac Dermott, Esq.,