and the best interests of his client when he renders service or gives advice tending to impress upon the client and his undertaking exact compliance with the strictest principles of moral law. He must also observe and advise his client to observe the statute law, though until a statute shall have been construed and interpreted by competent adjudication, he is free and is entitled to advise as to its validity and as to what he conscientiously believes to be its just meaning and extent. But above all a lawyer will find his highest honor in a deserved reputation for fidelity to private trust and to public duty, as an honest man and as a patriotic and loyal citizen.

III

OATH OF ADMISSION

The general principles which should ever control the lawyer in the practice of his profession are clearly set forth in the following Oath of Admission to the Bar, formulated upon that in use in the State of Washington, and which conforms in its main outlines to the "duties" of lawyers as defined by statutory enactments in that and many other States of the Union*— duties which they are sworn on admission to obey and for the wilful violation of which disbarment is provided:

I DO SOLEMNLY SWEAR:

I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of .............

I will maintain the respect due to Courts of Justice and judicial officers;

I will not counsel or maintain any suit or proceeding which shall appear to me to be unjust, nor any defense except such as I believe to be honestly debatable under the law of the land;

I will employ for the purpose of maintaining the causes confided to me such means only as are consistent with truth and

* Alabama, California, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin. The oaths administered on admission to the Bar in all the other States require the observance of the highest moral principle in the practice of the profession, but the duties of the lawyer are not as specifically defined by law as in the States named.

PREAMBLE, pp. 3-4.

THE CANONS OF ETHICS, pp. 4-13.

1. THE DUTY OF THE LAWYER TO THE COURTS. (1, 2, 4; iii, iv, vi.)*
2. THE SELECTION OF JUDGES. (69.)*

3. ATTEMPTS TO EXERT PERSONAL INFLUENCE ON THE COURT. (3,

16.)*

4. WHEN COUNSEL FOR AN INDIGENT PRISONER. (64; xviii, xxi,

xxiii.)*

5. THE DEFENSE OR PROSECUTION OF THOSE ACCUSED OF CRIME.
(14; xv.)*

6. ADVERSE INFLUENCES AND CONFLICTING INTERESTS. (37, 28, 24,
25; viii.)*

7. PROFESSIONAL COLLEAGUES AND CONFLICTS OF OPINION. (42,
49, 50, 48; vii, xiv, xvii.)*

8. ADVISING UPON THE MERITS OF A CLIENT'S CAUSE. (38, 35; xi,
xix, xx, xxxi, xxxii. See also xxx.)*

9. NEGOTIATIONS WITH OPPOSITE PARTY. (46, 47, 51; xliii, xliv.)*
ACQUIRING INTEREST IN LITIGATION. (xxiv.)*

IO.

II.

DEALING WITH TRUST PROPERTY. (40; xxv, xxvi.)*

12. FIXING THE AMOUNT OF THE FEE. (54, 55, 56, 58; xviii, xxviii,

xxxviii, xlix.) *

13. CONTINGENT FEES. (57; xxiv.)*

14. SUING A CLIENT FOR A FEE. (53; xxvii. See also xxix.)*
15. HOW FAR A LAWYER MAY GO IN SUPPORTING A CLient's Cause
(II; i, x, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xl.)*

16.

RESTRAINING CLIENTS FROM IMPROPRIETIES. (44.)*

17. ILL FEELING AND PERSONALITIES BETWEEN ADVOCATES.

v.)*

(31, 32;

18. TREATMENT OF WITNESSES AND LITIGANTS. (59, 30; ii, xiv,

xlii.)*

19. APPEARANCE OF LAWYER AS WITNESS FOR HIS CLIENT. (21, 22;

XXXV, xvi.)*

20. NEWSPAPER DISCUSSION OF PENDING LITIGATION. (19, 20.)*
PUNCTUALITY AND EXPEDITION. (6, 36; See xxxvi.)*
CANDOR AND FAIRNESS. (5; xli.)*

21.

22.

23. ATTITUDE TOWARD JURY. (60, 61, 17, 63; xlvii.)*

24. RIGHT OF LAWYER TO CONTROL THE INCIDENTS OF THE TRIAL.
(33; x.)*

25.

26.

27.

TAKING TECHNICAL ADVANTAGE OF OPPOSITE COUNSEL; Agree-
MENTS WITH HIM. (45, 43; v, ix.)*

PROFESSIONAL ADVOCACY OTHER THAN BEFORE COURTS. (27.)*
ADVERTISING, DIRECT OR INDIRECT. (18.)*

28. STIRRING UP LITIGATION, DIRECTLY OR THROUGH AGENTS. (23.)*
29. UPHOLDING THE HONOR OF THE PROFESSION. (9, 65, 12; xxxiii,

xxxiv, xxxvii, xxxviii.)*

30. JUSTIFIABLE AND UNJUSTIFIABLE LITIGATIONS. (15; x, xi, xiv.)*
31.
RESPONSIBILITY FOR LITIGATION. (15; x, xi, xiv.)*

32. THE LAWYER'S DUTY IN ITS LAST ANALYSIS. (66; xxi, etc.)*
OATH OF ADMISSION, pp. 13-14.

*The Arabic numerals in the brackets immediately following the
synoptic titles of the canons are cross-references to the compilation of
canons as set forth in Appendix B of the 1907 report of the Association's
Committee on Canons of Ethics (A, B, A. Reports XXXI, 681-684);
the Roman numerals are cross-references to Hoffman's Resolutions,
reprinted as Appendix H of the committee's 1907 report (id. 717-735).

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