83 Perfonam,numerum,commutat Enallage, tempus 82 PROSODI Æ. 87 88 M necat Ecthlipsis ; fed vocalem Synalæpha. 89, 90 EXEMPL A. 91, 92 98 94 82. Ni faciat, pro feciffet, &c. 83. Sole recens (pro recenter) orto. 84. Italiam contra, pro contra Italiam. 85. * Evocatio. Populis fuperamur ab illo; ego præceptor doceo. 86. Turba ruunt, pars maxima cæfi. 87. † Appofitio, vel Parathefis. Mons Taurus, Urbs Athenee. 88, Urbem (pro urbs) quam ftatuo, veftra eft. 89. Si vit' infpicias, pro si vitam infpicias. 90. Si vis anim' effe beatus, pro fi vis animo effe beatus: viv' hodie, pro vive hodie. 91. Steterunt, pro Steterunt. 92. Naufragia, pro naufragia. 93. Alveo diffyllabum, pro Alveo trifsyllabo. 94, Evoluiflet, pro evolviffet. DERIVATIONES. 82. ab ivæλλál, permuto. 83. ab 'avri, pro, & pépoo, pars. 84. ab avaspipa, retrò verto. 85. ab evoco. 86. à ouvrinu, compono. 87. ab appono, vel parathefis, à wagarionu, appono. 88. ab avri, pro, & ales, cafus. 89. ab ixea, elido. 90. ab cuvansida, conglutino. 91. à σusíaaw, contraho. 92. à dissaλw, produco. 93. à ruviípw, connecto. 94 à diapéw, divido. The Art of Rhetoric made easy; Q. OR THE ELEMENTS of ORATORY. WHAT is RHETORIC ? A. Rhetoric is the art of speaking or writing well and elegantly. Q. What is its principal end? A. Its principal end is, to inftruct, perfuade, and please. Q. What is its chief office? A. It chief office is to feek what may be most conducive to perfuafion. Q. How many parts hath Rhetoric? A. The parts it confifts of are four; Invention, Difposition, Elocution, and Pronunciation. Q. What is Invention? A. Invention is the finding out proper arguments to inftruct, perfuade, or move. Q. On what are all arguments grounded, and whence are they to be fought? A. All arguments are grounded on (and therefore are to be fought from) Reafon, Morality, or the Affections. Q. What is the bufinefs of arguments from Reafon? A. To inform the judgment, or to instruct. Q. How are arguments from Reason to be divided? A. Into Artificial and Inartificial. Q. What are artificial arguments from Reason? A. Such as are found out by the learning and fkill of the orator. Q. How do the differ? A. According to the Topic in hand. Q. How many kinds of Topics are there? A. Three: demonftrative, deliberative, and ju ridical. Q. What is a demonftrative Topic? A. That we use, when we speak in praise, or dispraise of any perfon, deed, or thing. Q. How do you use it in fpeaking of a Perfon? A. When from his education, eloquence, learning, wisdom, virtue, riches, dignity, authority, &c. we praise a good man, fuch as Cicero; or from the contrary, difpraise a bad man, fuch as Cataline. Q. How do you use it in fpeaking of a Deed?' A. When from its juftice, honor, courage, time, place, manner, &c. we extol any fact, fuck as the return of Regulus to his enemies; or from the contrary, condemn another, fuch as the felfmurder of Cato at Utica. Q. How do you use it in speaking of a Thing? A. When, from its importance, reasonableness, usefulness, &c. we praife any thing, as Virtue; or, from the contrary, difpraise another, as Vice. Q. What may be chiefly remarked in this topic? A. That its principal arguments are taken from what we call bonorable or difhonorable. Q. What is a deliberative Topic? A. That we use, when from the advantage or difadvantage of a thing, we either perfuade or diffuade. Q. How do you inftance it? A. As when, from the fafety, profit, and pleafure of it, we perfuade to peace; or, from the contrary, diffuade from war. Q. What is a Juridical Topic? A. 'That we ufe, when we either accuse or defend. Thus Milo, having killed Clodius, is accufed by Clodius's friends, but defended by Cicero. Q. How do its arguments differ? A. According to the stating of it. A. The iffue it is brought to, from the accufer's Complaint and the accufed's Defence. Q. How do you inftance it? A. Thus Milo was accused, for killing Clodius; Milo confessed he killed him, but faid he did it juftly. Now the ftating the cafe here is,— Whether Milo killed Clodius juftly or unjustly? Q. How many ways may a cafe be stated? A. Four ways; viz. Conjectural, finitive, in quality, in quantity. Q. When is a Cafe Conjectural? A. When it is enquired, whether the thing was done or no; as, whether Milo killed Clodius. Q. When is a cafe finitive? A. When we enquire into the name, nature, and definition of the crime; as, I own I took it, but I did not commit theft: Where theft must be defined, &c. Q. What is a cafe in quality? A. When we enquire, in what manner a fact was done; as, Milo killed Clodius, but he did it justly. Here we muft enquire into the Circumftances, and prove from Law, what in this Cafe may be deemed Juft or Unjuft. Q. What is a cafe in Quantity? A. That we ufe, when we enquire into the greatness or Smallness of a crime: as, tho' it be plain it is a crime, yet it is denied to be a great one. Q. How do we here Amplify or Diminish? A. By confidering how the fact was circumstanced in time, place, words and actions, enquiring who, what, where, when, why, how, by whofe affiftance, &c. and comparing things with things we determine, what may be deemed great or little. Q. What are inartificial arguments from reason? A. Such as arise from without, and not from the thing itself; fuch as teftimonies, evidence, &c.* Q. What is the bufinefs of arguments from. Morality? A. To procure favour, or to persuade. Q. What is meant by arguments from morality? A. That the Orator or Speaker fhould well confider-Of what, before whom, and for whom he fpeaks. 1. In regard to his own morals; that he himself may appear honeft, prudent, impartial, benevolent, &c. 2. In refpect to the morals of the * In all our arguments, great care must be taken, that we bring in nothing, nor let any thing drop from us, which may prejudice the topic we are upon; for, as Cicero well obferves, "Turpius eft oratori, nocuiffe videri caufæ, quàm non profuifle," Cic. de Orat. 2. 73. |