something will have been gained to the cause of hu manity and of national honor.

The author takes this opportunity of acknowledging his obligations to James Hall, Esq., for the valuable assistance received from him, in the preparation of this volume. In collecting the materials for that magnificent work, on which he is now engaged, "The History of the Indians of North America," this gentleman has become possessed of much interesting matter, in regard to the Sacs and Foxes, and especially the chief Keokuk; to all of which he has kindly permitted the author to have access.

Cincinnati, May, 1838.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Origin of the Sac and Fox Indians Removal to Green Bay-Then

subjugation of the Illini confederacy-Their attack upon St. Louis

in 1779-Col. George Rogers Clark relieves the town-Governor

Harrison's letter-Maj. Forsyth's account of the conquest of the

Illini Death of the Sac chief Pontiac-Sac and Fox village on

Rock river-Description of the surrounding country-Civil polity

of the Sacs and Foxes-Legend about their chiefs-Division o

the tribes into families-Mode of burying their dead-Idea of a fu-

ture state-Their account of the creation of the world-Marriages-

Social relations-Music and musical instruments-Pike's visit to

them in 1805-Population-Character for courage
13

CHAPTER II.

Treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians in 1789-treaty and cession of

land to the United States at St. Louis in 1804-Black Hawk's ac-

count of this treaty-Erection of Fort Madison-The British ex-

cite the Sac and Fox Indians to make war upon the United States-A

party under Black Hawk join the British standard in 1812—Treaty at

Portage des Sioux in 1815-Treaty of peace with Black Hawk and his

band at same place in 1816-Treaty for part of their lands in Missouri

in 1824-Treaty of Prairie des Chiens in 1825-Treaty for the min-

eral region in 1829-Treaty of peace in 1832, after the "Black

Hawk war"-Present residence of tne Sacs and Foxes

CHAPTER III.

49

Birth of Black Hawk-Early adventures-Battles with the Osages and

Cherokees-Death of his father-Interview with Lieutenant Pike-

Attack upon Fort Madison-Joins the British in the late war—

Marches to lake Erie-Returns home after the attack upon Fort

Stephenson-Murder of his adopted son-Battle of the Sink-hole near

Cap au Gris-Treaty of peace at Portage des Sioux in 1816. 72

CHAPTER IV.

Building of Fort Armstrong-The good Spirit of Rock Island-Deatn

of Black Hawk's children-Young Sac offers to die in place of his

brother-Black Hawk's visit to Malden-Whipped by some whites-

Whites settle at his village-Black Hawk's talk with Governor Coles

and Judge Hall--Sale of the lands on Rock river-Indians ordered to

remove-Agreement to remove for six thousand dollars-Memorial of

the white settlers to Governor Reynolds-The Governor's letters to

General Clark and General Gaines-The latter leaves Jefferson Bar-

racks with six companies of the United States troops for Rock Island-

His interview with Black Hawk-Calls upon the Governor of Illinois

for militia-The Indians abandon their village-treaty of peace made

with them-Official letters to the war department-Summary of the

causes which brought on this disturbance--Black Hawk's attempt to

form an alliance with other tribes

87

CHAPTER V.

Keokuk's birth-Kills a Sioux when fifteen years old-Prevents the

abandonment of the Sac village-Bold manœuvre with the Sioux-

Perils his life for the safety of his people-Speech to the Meno-

minies at Prairie des Chiens-Called upon to lead his braves to join

in the Black Hawk war-Allays the excitement of his people on this

subject-Deposed from his post as head chief and a young man elect-

ed in his place-Re-established in power-Delivers up his nephew to

the whites to be tried for murder-Letter to the Governor of Illinois

-Council at Washington in 1837-Retorts upon the Sioux-His

visit to Boston-His return home--His personal appearance-And

his character as a war and peace chief

114

CHAPTER VI.

Murder of twenty-eight Menominies by the Foxes of Black Hawk's

band-Naopope's visit to Malden-Black Hawk recrosses the Missis-

sippi-General Atkinson orders him to return-Stillman's attack—

Defeated by Black Hawk-His white flag fired upon-He sends out

war parties upon the frontier-Attack upon Fort Buffalo-General

Dodge's battle on the Wisconsin-Black Hawk and his band leave the

Four Lakes and fly to the Mississippi-Pursued by General Atkinson

--Black Hawk's flag of truce fired upon by the Captain of the War-

ior-Twenty-three Indians killed

137

CHAPTER VII.

General Atkinson overtakes Black Hawk-Battle of the Bad Axe-

Atkinson's official report-Incidents of the Battle-Capture of

Black Hawk and the prophet-Naopope's statement to General Scott

-General Scott and Governor Reynolds conclude a treaty with the

Sacs, Foxes and Winnebagoes-Causes which led to the war-Mo-

tives for getting up Indian wars-First attack made by the Illinois

militia-Report of the Secretary at War in regard to this campaign

-General Macomb's letter to General Atkinson-Secretary Cass'

statement of the causes which led to this war-Comments upon this

statement, and its omissions pointed out

156

CHAPTER VIII.

Black Hawk, Naopope, the Prophet and others confined at Jefferson

Barracks-In April 1833 sent to Washington-Interview with the

President-sent to Fortress Monroe-Their release-Visit the east-

ern cities-Return to the Mississippi-Conference at Rock island be-

tween Maj. Garland, Keokuk, Black Hawk and other chiefs-speech-

es of Keokuk, Pashshepaho and Black Hawk-Final discharge of the

hostages-Their return to their families-Black Hawk's visit to Wash-

ington in 1837—His return-His personal appearance-Military tal-

ents-Intellectual and moral character

189