SEAT OF GROWTH.

ABSTRACT of the average Strength of Wines of France shown
at the International Exhibition of 1862, and afterwards ana-
lyzed by Dr. J. B. Keene.

ABSTRACT of the Strength of French and Hungarian Wines
shown at the International Exhibition of 1862, and analyzed by

SEAT OF GROWTH.

ABSTRACT of the average Strength of Wines of various
Countries shown at the International Exhibition of 1862, and
subsequently analyzed by Dr. Keene.

Comparative Value of French and English Degrees of
Alcoholic Strength.

The different modes of expressing the strength of liquors adopted
in England and France, is the source of much inconvenience and
confusion. In both countries the operation of testing or trying
the strength is by distillation of a determinate quantity, and then
taking the temperature and density of the distillate by thermo-
meters and hydrometer, but here the similarity ends. The in-
struments, as used in the two countries, differ essentially, and
therefore the results are shown in different terms. In England
Fahrenheit's thermometer and Sykes' hydrometer are used; in
France, the Centigrade thermometer and Gay-Lussac's hydrometer.
These thermometers differ in the fact, that the range between the
temperature of frozen and boiling water is divided in the latter
(Centigrade) into 100 parts or degrees, and in the former into 180.
Gay-Lussac's hydrometer is graduated to show 100 divisions or
degrees between absolute alcohol of 796 specific gravity, at 15·5
Centigrade or 60° Fahrenheit, and pure water; while the scale of
Sykes' hydrometer starts from a definite mixture of water and pure
alcohol, nearly in equal volumes, having a specific gravity of 920
at 60° Fahrenheit, and called proof spirit, and the instrument
shows whether the spirit under test is of greater or less strength
than such proof. In various scientific works tables are given of
the equivalent degrees of these two scales, but none of them
exactly correspond. The following figures are very nearly exact :—

Under the excise laws of France, wine generally is not allowed
to be fortified for home consumption; but, under certain limitations,
spirit to the extent of 5 per cent. may be added to the produce of
the eastern Pyrenees, the Aude, the Tarn, the Hérault, the Gard,
and the Rhône. All wines for exportation may be fortified with-
out restriction, and most vintages are so strengthened before being
shipped,-Roussillon wines for Brazil to the extent of 10 per. cent.;
and for England from 5 to 8 per cent.

Bordeaux, 65, 73, 80, 132, Clarry, 72

[142 Clos Vougeot, 5, 143, 161
Colares Port, 62, 117