Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications

absorption alkali angle anion atoms axes axis band beam body centre Bragg's Law calculated cation cement centred cubic charge chemistry close packed composition compounds conductivity contains coordination number corners covalent bonding crystal structure crystalline cube d-spacings defects dislocations distance edge effect electronegativity equation equivalent positions example face centred film formula free energy give given glass halides hexagonal high temperatures increasing intensity interstitial ionic lattice energy layers liquid magnetic materials melting method mirror plane molecules Na+ ions NaCl occupied occur octahedral octahedral sites orbitals oxygen parallel partial peaks phase diagram phase transitions point groups polymorph possible powder pattern radiation radii radius reaction reciprocal lattice rock salt rotation rutile sample schematically screw axis semiconductors shown in Fig silicate silicon single crystal SiO2 solid electrolytes solid solutions space group spectra spinel surface symmetry elements Table techniques tetragonal tetrahedral thermal unit cell usually vacancies valence values wavelength