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A NEW

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

OF

REMARKABLE EVENTS,

DISCOVERIES, AND INVENTIONS:

ALSO,

THE ÆRA, THE COUNTRY, AND WRITINGS OF LEARNED MEN:

The whole comprehenping, in one View, the Analysis or Outlines of General History, from the Creation to the present Time.

Bef, Christ.

4004 THE creation of the world, and Adam and Eve.

4003 The birth of Cain, the first who was born of a woman.

S017 Enoch, for his piety, is translated to Heaven.

2548 The whole world is destroyed by a deluge, which continued 377 days. 2247 The tower of Babel is built about this time by Noah's posterity, upon which God miraculously confounds their language, and thus disperses them into different nations.

About the same time, Noah is, with great probability, supposed to have parted from his rebellious offspring, and to have led a colony of some of the more tractable into the East, and there either he, or one of his successors, to have founded the ancient Chinese monarchy.

2234 The celestial observations are begun at Babylon, the city which first gave birth to learning and the sciences.

2188 Misraim, the son of Ham, founds the kingdom of Egypt, which lasted 1663 years, down to its conquest by Cambyses, in 525 years before Christ. 2059 Ninus, the son of Belus, founds the kingdom of Assyria, which lasted above 1000 years, and out of its ruins were formed the Assyrians, of Babylon, those of Nineveh, and the kingdom of the Medes.

1921 The covenant of God made with Abram, when he leaves Haran to go into Canaan, which begins the 430 years of sojourning.

1897 The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed for their wickedness, by fire from Heaven.

1856 The kingdom of Argos, in Greece, begins under Inachus.

1822 Memnon, the Egyptian, invents letters.

1715 Prometheus first struck fire from Alints.

1635 Joseph dies in Egypt, which concludes the book of Genesis, containing a pe

riod of 2369 years.

1574 Aaron born in Egypt; 1490, appointed by God first high-priest of the Israelites. 1571 Moses, brother to Aaron, born in Egypt, and adopted by Pharaoh's daughter, who educates him in all the learning of the Egyptians.

1556 Cecrops brings a colony of Saites from Egypt into Attica, and founds the kingdom of Athens, in Greece.

1546 Scamander comes from Crete into Phrygia, and founds the kingdom of Troy. 1499 Cadmus carried the Phenician letters into Greece, and built the citadel of Thebes.

14.1 Moses performs a number of miracles in Egypt, and departs from that king. dom, together with 600,000 Israelites, besides children; which completed the 480 years of sojourning. They miraculously pass through the Red Sea, and come to the Desert of Sinai, where Moses receives from God, and delivers to the people, the Ten Commandments, and the other laws, and sets up the Tabernacle, and in it the ark of the covenant.

1485 The first ship that appeared in Greece was brought from Egypt by Danaus, who arrived at Rhodes, and brought with him his fifty daughters.

1453 The first Olympic games celebrated at Olympia, in Greece. 3452 The Pentateuh, or five books of Moses, are written in the land of Moab, where he died in the year following, aged 120.

1451 The Israelites, after sojoнrning in the Wilderness forty years, are led under Joshua into the land of Canaan, where they fix themselves, after having subdued the natives! and the period of the sabbatical year commences. 1406 Iron is found in Greece, from the accidental burning of the woods. 1198 The rape of Helen by Paris, which, in 1195, gave rise to the Trojan war and siege of Troy by the Greeks, which continued ten years, when that city was taken and burnt.

1048 David is sole king of Israel:

1004 The temple is solemnly dedicated by Solomon.

896 Elijah, the prophet, is translated to leaven.

894 Money first made of gold and silver at Argos.

869 The city of Carthage, in Africa, founded by queen Dido.

814 The kingdom of Macedon begins

776 The first Olympiad begins.

753 Era of the building of Rome, in Italy, by Romulus, first king of the Romans. 720 Samaria taken, after three years' siege, and the kingdom of Israel finished, by Salmanasar, king of Assyria, who carried the ten tribes into captivity. The first eclipse of the moon on record.

658 Byzantium (now Constantinople) built by a colony of Athenians.

604 By order of Necho, king of Egypt, some Phoenicians sailed from the Red Sea round Africa, and returned by the Mediterranean.

600 Thal s, of Miletus, travels into Egypt, consults the priests of Memphis, acquire the knowledge of geometry, astronomy, and philosophy, returns to Greece, calculates eclipses, gives general notions of the universe, and maintains that one supreme intelligence regulates all its motions.

Maps, globes, and the signs of the Zodiac, invented by Anaximander, the scholar of Thales.

597 Jehoiakin, king of Judah, is carried away captive by Nebuchadnezzar,to Babylon. 587 The city of Jerusalem taken, after a siege of 18 months.

562 The first comedy at Athens acted upon a moveable scaffold.

559 Cyrus, the first king of Persia.

538 The kingdom of Babylon finished, that city being taken by Cyrus, who, in 556, issues an edict for the return of the Jews.

534 The first tragedy was acted at Athens, on a waggon, by Thespis.

526 Learning is greatly encouraged at Athens, and a public library first founded. 515 The second temple at Jerusalem is finished under Darius,

509 Tarquin, the seventh and last king of the Romans, is expelled, and Rome is governed by two consuls, and other republican magistrates, till the battle of Pharsalia, being a space of 461 years.

504 Sardis taken and burnt by the Athenians, which gave occasion to the Persian invasion of Greece.

486 Eschylus, the Greek poet, first gains the prize of tragedy.

481 Xerxes the Great, king of Persia, begins his expedition against Greece. 458 Ezra is sent from Babylon to Jerusalem, with the captive Jews, and the vessels of gold and silver, &c. being seventy weeks of years, or 490 years be fore the crucifixion of our Saviour.

454 The Romans send to Athens for Solon's laws.

451 The Decemvirs created at Rome, and the laws of the twelve tables compiled and ratified.

430 The history of the Old Tertament finishes about this time.

Malachi, the last of the prophets.

401 Retreat of 10,000 Greeks under Xenophon.

400 Socrates, the founder of moral philosophy among the Greeks, believes the immortality of the soul, and a state of rewards and punishments, for which, and other sublime doctrines, he is put to death by the Athenians, who soon after repent, and erect to his memory a statue of brass.

331 Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, conquers Darius, king of Persia, and other nations of Asia.

323 Dies at Babylon, and his empire is divided by his generals into four kingdoms. 285 Dionysius of Alexandria began his astronomical æra on Monday June 26, being the first who found the exact solar year to consist of 395 days,

284 Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, employs seventy-two interpreters to tran late the Old Testament into the Greek language, which is called the Septuagint.

269 The first coining of silver at Rome.

264 The first Punic war begins, and continues 23 years. The chronology of the Arundelian marble, called the Parian Chronicle, composed.

260 The Romants first concern themselves in naval affairs, and defeat the Carthagin

ans at sea.

257 Hamilcar, the Carthaginian, causes his son Hannibal, at nine years old, to swear eternal enmity to the Romans.

218 The second Punic war begins, and continues 17 years. Hannibal passes the Alps, and defeats the Romans in several battles, but does not improve his victories by the storming of Rome.

190 The first Roman army enters Asia, and, from the spoils of Antiochus, brings the Asiatic luxury first to Rome.

168 Perseus defeated by the Romans, which ends the Macedonian kingdom. 167 The first library erected at Rome, of books brought from Macedonia 163 The government of Judea under the Macabees begins, and continues 126 years. 146 Carthage, the rival of Rome, razed to the ground by the Romans.

135 The history of the Apocrypha ends.

52 Julius Cæsar makes his first expedition into Britain.

47 The battle of Pharsalia between Cæsar and Pompey, in which the latter is defeated.

The Alexandrian library, consisting of 400,000 valuable books, burnt by accident. 45 The war of Africa, in which Cato kills himself.

The solar year introduced by Cæsar.

44 Cæsar, the greatest of the Roman conquerors, after having fought fifty pitched battles, and slain 1,192,000 men, and overturned the liberties of his country, is killed in the senate-house.

51 The battle of Actium fought, in which Mark Antony and Cleopatra are totally defeated by Octavius, nephew to Julius Cæsar.

30 Alexandria, in Egypt, is taken by Octavius, upon which Antony and Cleopatra put themselves to death, and Egypt is reduced to a Roman province. 27 Octavius, by a decree of the senate, obtains the title of Augustus Cesar, and an absolute exemption from the laws, and is properly the first Roman emperor. 8 Rome at this time is fifty miles in circumference, and contains 465,000 men fit

to bear arms.

1 The temple of Janus is shut by Augustus, as an emblem of universal peace ; and JESUS CHRIST is supposed to have been born in September, or on Monday, December 25.

A. C.

12 CHRIST hears the doctors in the temple, and asks them questions. 27 ------- is baptized in the wilderness by John.

33 ---------.. is crucified on Friday, April 3, at 3 o'clock P. M.

His resurrection on Sunday, April 5, his ascension, Thursday, May 14.

36 St. Paul converted.

39 St. Matthew writes his Gospel.

Pontius Pilate kills himself.

40 The name of Christians first given at Antioch to the followers of Christ. 43 Claudius Cæsar's expedition into Britain.

44 St. Mark writes his Gospel.

49 London is founded by the Romans, S68, surrounded by ditto with a wall, some

parts of which are still observable.

51 Caractacus, the British king, is carried in chains to Rome.

52 The council of the Apostles at Jerusalem.

55 St. Luke writes his Gospel.

59 The emperor Nero puts his mother and brothers to death.

persecutes the Druids in Britain.

61 Boadicea, the British queen, defeats the Romans, but is conquered soon after by Suetonius, governor of Britain,

62 St. Paul sent in bonds to Rome---writes his epistles between 51 and 66. 63 The Acts of the Apostles written.

Christianity is supposed to be introduced into Britain by St. Paul, or some of his disciples, about this time.

64 Rome set on fire, and burned for six days! upon which began (under Nero) the first persecution against the Christians.

67 St. Peter and St. Paul put to death.

70 Whilst the factious Jews are destroying one another with mutual fury, Titus, the

Roman general, takes Jerufalem, which is razed to the ground, and the

plough made to pass over it.

Herculaneum overwhelmed by an eruption of Mount Vefuvius.

The philofophers expelled Rome by Domitian.

Julius Agricola, governor of South Britain, to protect the civilifed Britons from the incurfions of the Caledonians, builds a line of forts between the rivers Forth and Clyde ; defeats the Caledonians, under Galgacus, on the Grampian hills; and firft fails round Britain, which he difcovers to be an island.

5 St. John the Evangelift wrote his revelation-his gospel in 97.

The Caledonians reconquer from the Romans all the fouthern parts of Scotland; upon which the emperor Adrian builds a wall between Newcastle and Carlifle: but this also proving ineffectual, Pollius Urbicus, the Roman general, about the year 144, repairs Agricola's forts, which he joins by a wall four yards thick, fince called Antoninus's wall.

35 The fecond Jewish war ends, when they were all banished Judea.

19 Juftin writes his firft Apology for the Chriftians.

A number of herefies appear about this time.

52 The emperor Antoninus Pius ftops the perfecution against the Chriftians.

17 The Septuagint faid to be found in a cafk

22 About this time the Roman empire begins to fink under its own weight. The Barbarians begin their irruptions, and the Goths have annual tribute not to moleft the empire.

160 Valerius is taken prifoner by Sapor, king of Perfia, and flayed alive.

174 Silk firft brought from India; the manufactory of it introduced into Europe by some monks, 551; firft worn by the clergy in England, 1534.

291 Two emperors, and two Cæfars, march to defend the four quarters of the empire. 306 Conftantine the Great begins his reign.

308 Cardinals firft created.

313 The tenth perfecution ends by an edict of Conftantine, who favours the Christians, and gives full liberty to their religion.

314 Three bishops, or fathers, are fent from Britain, to affift at the council of Arles.. 325 The first general council at Nice, when 318 fathers attended, againft Arius, where was compofed the famous Nicene creed, which we attribute to them. 328 Conftantine removes the feat of empire from Rome to Byzantium, which is thenceforward called Conftantinople.

331

orders all the heathen temples to be deftroyed.

363 The Roman emperor Julian, furnamed the Apoftate, endeavours in vain to rebuild the temple of Jerufalem.

364 The Roman empire is divided into the eaftern (Conftantinople the capital) and western (of which Rome continued to be the capital), each being now under the government of different emperors.

400 Bells introduced by bishop Paulinus, of Campania.

404 The kingdom of Caledonia or Scotland revives under Fergus.

406 The Vandals, Alans, and Suevi, fpread into France and Spain, by a conceffion of

Honorius, emperor of the Weft.

410 Rome taken and plundered by Alaric, king of the Vifi-Goths.

412 The Vandals begin their kingdom in Spain.

420 The kingdom of France begins upon the lower Rhine, under Pharamond.

426 The Romans, reduced to extremities at home, withdraw their troops from Britain, and never return; advifing the Britons to arm in their own defence, and truft to their own valour.

446 The Britons, now left to themselves, are greatly haraffed by the Scots and Picts; upon which they once more make their complaint to the Romans, but receive no affiftance from that quarter.

447 Attila (furnamed the Scourge of God) with his Huns ravages the Roman empire. 449 Vortigern, king of the Britons, invites the Saxons into Britain, against the Scots and Picts.

455 The Saxons, having repulfed the Scots and Picts, invite over more of their countrymen, and begin to establish themselves in Kent, under Hengift. 476 The western empire is finished, 523 years after the battle of Pharfalia; upon the ruins of which feveral new ftates arife in Italy and other parts, confifting of Goths, Vandals, Huns, and other barbarians, under whom literature is extinguished, and the works of the learned deftroyed.

496 Clovis, king of France, baptized, and Chriftianity begins in that kingdom.

508 Prince Arthur begins his reign over the Britons.

513 Conftantinople befieged by Vitellianus, whofe fleet is burned by a fpeculum of bra? 516 The computing of time by the Chriftian æra is introduced by Dionyfius the me $29 The code of Juftinian, the caftern emperor, is published,

55 A terrible plague all over Europe, Afia, and Africa, which continues near go years. 581 Latin ceafed to be spoken about this time in Italy.

596 Auguftine the monk comes into England, with forty monks.

6c6 Here begins the power of the popes, by the conceffion of Phocas, emperor of the Eaft. 622 Mahomet, a false prophet, flies from Mecca to Medina, in Arabia, in the 54th year of his age and the tenth of his miniftry; when he laid the foundation of the Saracen empire, and from whom the Mahometan princes to this day claim their defcent. His followers compute their time from this æra, which in Arabic is called Hegira, i e. the flight.

637 Jerufalem is taken by the Saracens, or followers of Mahomet.

640 Alexandria in Egypt is taken by ditto, and the grand library there burnt by order of Omar, their caliph or prince.

653 The Saracens now extend their conquefts on every fide, and retaliate the Barbarities of the Goths and Vandals upon their pofterity.

661 Glafs introduced in England by Benalt, a monk.

685 The Britons, after a brave ftruggle of near 150 years, are totally expelled by the Saxons, and driven into Wales and Cornwall.

713 The Saracens conquer Spain.

725 The controverfy about images begins, and occafions many infurrections in the eaftern empire.

748 The computing of years from the birth of Chrift began to be used in history. 749 The race of Abbas become caliphs of the Saracens, and encourage learning. 762 The city of Bagdad upon the Tigris is made the capital for the caliphs of the houfe of Abbas.

800 Charlemagne, king of France, begins the empire of Germany, afterwards called the western empire; gives the prefent names to the days and months; endeavours to restore learning in Europe; but mankind are not yet difpofed for it, being folely engroffed in military enterprises.

826 Harold, king of Denmark, dethroned by his fubjects for being a Chriftian. 828 Ebert, king of Wellex, unites the Heptarchy, by the name of England. 835 The Flemings trade to Scotland for fish.

$38 The Scots and Picts have a decifive battle, in which the former prevail, and both kingdoms are united by Kenneth; which begins the fecond period of the Scottish hiftory.

867 The Danes begin their ravages in England.

896 Alfred the Great, after fubduing the Danish invaders (against whom he fought 56 battles by fea and land), compotes his body of laws; divides England into counties, hundreds, tythings; erects county-courts, and founds the univerfity of Oxford about this time.

915 The univerfity of Cambridge founded.

936 The Saracen empire is divided by ufurpation into seven kingdoms.

975 Pope Boniface VII, is depofed and banished for his crimes.

979 Coronation oaths 'aid to be firft ufed in England.

99: The figures in arithmetic are brought into Europe by the Saracens from Arabia. Letters of the alphabet were hitherto used.

996 Otho III. makes the empire of Germany elective.

999 Boleflaus, the first king of Poland.

1000 Paper made of cotton rars was in ufe that of linen rags in 1170; the manu

factory introduced into England at Dartford, 1588.

1005 All the old churches are rebuilt about this time in a new manner of architecture. 1015 Children forbidden by law to be fold by their parents in England.

1017 Canute, king of Denmark, gets poffeffion of England.

1c40 The Danes, after feveral engagements with various fuccefs, are about this time driven out of Scotla ad, and never again return in a hostile manner.

104 The Saxon line reftored under Edward the Confeffor.

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1043 The Turks (a natio of adventurers from Tartary, ferving hitherto in the armies of contenden prices) become formidable, and take poffeffion of Pertia. 1054 Leo IX. the first pone that maintained an army.

1057 Malcolm III. king of Scotland, kills the tyrant Macbeth at Dunfinanc, and marries the princels Mirgaret, fifter to Edgar Atheling.

106. The Turks take Jerufalem from the Saracens.

1066 The battle of Hings fought between Harold and William (furnamed the Baftard, duke of Normandy, in which Harold is conquered and flain; after which William becomes king of England.

1070 William introduces the feudal law.

Mufical notes invented.

1075 Henry IV. emperor of Germany, and the pope quarrel about the nomination of

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