nominated Hayti. The latter class is further divided into windward islands, viz. Martinique, Guadaloupe, MarieGalante, &c. and into leeward islands, containing Margaritta, Trinidad, &c. Between America and Europe, we meet with the Azores islands, the principal of which is Tercera. There are numerous other islands, which it is not material to enumerate. Gulfs.] The principal gulfs are, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in the eastern part of North America; the Gulf of Mexico, between the two continents of North and South America; the Gulf of California, in the country of that name; and the Gulf of Panama, on the west of the isthmus of that name. Bays.] The chief bays are Baffin's Bay, Hudson's Bay, the Bays of Chesapeak, Honduras, and Campeachy. Straits.] The most remarkable straits are, Davis's Straits, at the entrance of Baffin's Bay, Hudson's Straits, at the entrance of Hudson's Bay; and those of Magellan between the southern point of America, and the island Terra del Fuego. Rivers.] America is watered by some of the noblest rivers in the world: the principal are, Í. In North America. 1. The river St. Lawrence; which with its lakes forms a continued body of water, of upwards of 900 leagues, and falls into the sea, on the eastern side of the northern peninsula. 2. The Mississippi, which (after receiving the Illinois, Ohio, Missouri, and other large rivers) flows from north to south, into the gulf of Mexico. 3. The Hudson. 4. Delaware. 5. The Susquehannah, and Potowmack, whose capacious streams fertilize the United States. II. In South America, the most remarkable rivers are, the river of the Amazons; which rises in the mountains of Peru, and after flowing nearly three thousand miles to the east, falls into the ocean between Brazil and Guiana: the Oronoko, and the Rio de la Plata. Lakes.] The principal lakes in this quarter of the globe are to be found in North America, and have a communication with each other. They are respectively named Lake Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario: in fact they may be considered as inland seas, being navigable for vessels of any burthen. Mountains.] In North America, the Allegany mountains form the principal chain; but in South America the Cordilleras or Andés are the most elevated and extensive of any, perhaps, on the earth. They form a stupendous ridge of five thousand miles in length, reaching from the isthmus of Darien to the straits of Magellan, along the coasts of the Pacific ocean: Chimboraco, the highest of this chain, is 20,280 feet above the level of the sea! The summits of the Cordilleras are covered with perpetual snow, notwithstanding a large portion of them lies under the torrid zone; and some of them (Pitchinxa and Cotopaxi) are volcanos, equally formidable in their effects with those of Ætna and Vesuvius in Europe. SECT. II.-DIVISION OF AMERICA. North America comprises the following countries: Greenland (belonging to Inhabitants. Chief Towns. Denmark) containing 10,000. New Herrnhut. Georgia 82,548 | Savanna, Augusta, Territory S. of the Ohio 35, 691 Abingdon. TerritoryN.W.oftheOhio Louisiana (purchased of the East Florida Marietta. -New Orleans. Countries belonging to Spain. St. Augustine. Santa Fé." St. Juan. Mexico. South America. Aborigines.-Amazonia and Patagonia. The total population of South America is, by some, calculated to be about thirteen millions, though others suppose the number of its inhabitants to be considerably greater, Select Voyages and Travels in America. 1. North America. Morse's American Gazetteer, 8vo. and Geography, 4to. Crantz's History of Greenland, 2 vols. 8vo. Du Pratz's History of Louisiana, 8vo. Adair's History of the American Indians, 4to. Carver's Travels, 8vo. Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, 8vo. Bartram's Travels, 8vo. Michaux's Travels, 8vo. Gray's Letters from Canada, 8vo. Weld's Travels, vols. 8vo. Mackenzie's Voyage from Montreal, 4to. Henderson's Honduras, 8vo. Pike's Exploratory Travels, 4to. To these may be added two works by the ingenious and indefatigable DR. MEASE, of Philadelphia;-his Geological Account of the United States, 12mo. and Picture of Philadelphia, 8vo.we are surprised that they have not been reprinted in England. 2. South America. Bancroft's Natural History of Guiana, 8vo. Stedman's Surinam, 2 vols. 4to. Depon's Travels, 2 vols. 8vo. Grant's Brazil, 8vo. Ulloa's Voyage to South America, 2 vols. 8vo. Walton's Spanish Colonies, 2 vols. 8vo. Humboldt's New Spain, 4 vols. 8vo. Semple's Caraccas, 12mo, 3. American Islands. Raynal's West Indies, 8 vols. 8vo. Burke's European Settlements, 2 vols. 8vo. Beckford's Jamaica, 2 vols. 8vo. Edwards' West Indies, 3. vols. 8vo. Dallas' History of the Maroons, 2 vols. 8vo. Pinckard's Notes on the West Indies, 3 vols. 8vo. Magnitude of our Globe. It is by no means an easy task to ascertain the exact size of the earth: 'It is true' (as an able writer has observed*) ‹ there is but one longitude; but there are two latitudes the north and the south. Both of these begin at the equator; the one extends northward, the other southward, as far as the arctic and antarctic Poles. But, no one has yet been able to reach either Pole. The mountains of ice in Greenland, and the Northern Sea, have always obstructed the passage to the North Pole: and immense fields, mountains, and islands of ice, have rendered the passage to the South Pole impossible. Thanks, however, to the geome tricians, we can at present know very nearly the size of our globe. According to the most exact calculations, the sur face of the earth is 199,512,595 square miles. The seas and unknown parts of the earth, by a measurement of the best maps, contain 160,522,020 square miles. The inhabited parts contain about 38,990,569 square miles, in the following proportion: Europe. 4,456,005 | Africa.. 9,654,807 ... Hence it appears, that scarcely one-third of the globe is habitable. It has been calculated, that there might be at least three thousand millions of men upon the earth at once; but in reality there are no more than about a thousand and eighty millions of which there are, In Asia 650 millions In America 150 millions In Africa 150 If then, we suppose the earth to be inhabited by one thou sand millions of men, or thereabouts; and that 38 years make a generation; it follows that in this space of time, the Works of Mr. Sturm. See his excellent Reflections on the God in Nature and Providence, for every Day in the Year,' vol. ii. p. 34. (Dr. Clarke's corrected edition.) a thousand millions of men die. Therefore the number of men who die on the earth amounts This calculation is very striking. If the mortality be so great each year, and even each day; is it not very possible that at this very moment, one of our fellow-creatures may have departed from this world: and before an hour has elapsed, more than 3000 souls shall have entered into eternity! What a motive to induce us to think often and seriously upon death! Prodigiously great as the earth may appear; it dwindles almost into nothing, when compared with the other worlds which roll over our head. The earth is scarcely, when compared with the universe, what a grain of sand is when compared with the highest mountain. And, what is the universe, when compared to the inexpressibly glorious and infinitely great Creator of the heavens and the earth? The world and all its inhabitants are before HIM as a drop in the bucket, or as the smallest atom which sports in the sunbeams!? CHAP. VIII.—THE BRITISH DOMINIONS. THE British Dominious formerly comprised Normandy, Guienne, and several other provinces of France; of which the Norman isles now only continue in possession of the sovereigns of Britain. They may be classed as follows: I. In Europe. England, Wales, and Scotland, which form the island of Great Britain, the largest of all the European islands;-Ireland,-the isles of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, and Sark, (usually denominated the Norman isles), Wight, Scilly, and Man;-In Spain, Gibraltar, and the island of Malta, in the Mediterranean Sea. II. In Asia. Before the treaty concluded with the sul faun Tippoo Saib, in 1792, the British Dominions in Asia, were computed to contain nearly 198,000 square miles, and about ten millions of inhabitants. Considerable accessions |