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Parliament, and for interesting the mother country in this examination. But, if the laws of the island assemblies are a dead letter, if they are never enforced, and if when crimes are committed in direct opposition to them, they continue silent, and ineffective; if murder committed on a slave loses the properties of murder, if punishments cruelly inflicted are continued, if miseries of whatever kind are prolonged by the worst description of planters, the inference is clear, the British legislature must do that to which the colonial government is inadequate, the feelings of the mother country must determine that which the want of feeling in the islands refuses to decide; what cannot be accomplished abroad must be effected at home; and thus without reflecting in the least on the character or conduct of the worthy and generous planters, those steps must be taken which shall be felt by the unworthy and the ungenerous; these are the proper subjects of censure, and of punishment too, if they view the present subject in that light, while approbation of every kind may be due to others. And the time is now come when the difference will clearly appear between those who have fostered their negroes to their increase, and those who have worked them unmercifully. If the importation were to cease to day, there are planters who would not feel the prohibition; their population is established: non-importation will not diminish it they desire no augmentation : while others who have exhausted their negroes by over exertion, who have wearied them by the whip, who have prevented their increase, and have exerted power without mercy, will find themselves distressed in their turn, by the want of labourers; so be it; for to planters of this description, who have used their former property so ill, who will confide an additional number of lives?not even of oxen or horses: much less of human beings, fellow men, fellow immortals!

There are many observations made in the course of this summary, which evince not only a benevolent mind, and much information on the part of the worthy author, but also his desire to attain his object in a sedate and dispassionate way, without fury, enthusiasm, or tion.

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A Series of Military Experiments of
Attack and Defence, made in Hyde
Park in 1802, under the Sanction of
His Royal Highness the Commander in
Chief, with Infantry, Cavalry, and
Artillery; and in the island of Jersey,
in 1805, with notes and illustrations.
By Lieut. John Russell, 96th Regiment.
8vo. pp. 247. Price 5s. Egerton.
London. 1806.

A useful book; but it will prove most useful if it leads officers to make themselves masters of experiments like the present, and of others in their own persons. Let them never fear the acquisition of too much practical knowledge of what can be done. When the time comes for the application of such knowledge, wishing will be too late; but those who possess it will find it turn to good account. A principle may lie dormant in the mind for years, yet at last may be called into exercise; and whoever leads a regiment to victory, or what is still more difficult, brings it off handsomely though hardly pressed, will have no reason to regret his previous studies, under whatever name he engaged in them.

The first experiment was a charge of light cavalry on artillery: a single horseman; distance 600 yards, number of discharges 13, time 115 seconds.—2. Infantry attacking artillery: a single soldier ; distance 250 yards, number of discharges 12, time 49 seconds.-3. Cavalry charging infantry, distance 400 yards, number of discharges 3.-4. Feint of cavalry attacking infantry, in order to draw away their fire; distance 250 yards. The moment the infantry has given their fire, the dragoon wheels up and charges: arrived at the soldier before he could fire: had just time to load again, but not to fire.-5, Infantry attacking infantry, distance 250 yards, discharges 5, time 90 seconds.6. Infantry in a compact body, distance 250 yards, discharges 7, time 145 seconds.-7. Infantry in a compact body attacking artillery, distance 250 yards, discharges 14, time 117 seconds.

These experiments occupy but a small part of the work; the remarks and illustrations contain a body of information on the subject of tactics, drawn from various authors, and not restricted to the investigation of the immediate system. We have very good advice addressed to both officers and soldiers. We agree with our

author, that cavalry and infantry ought to be drilled together to a certain degree, i. e. so far as to understand the principle of each other's movements, and to be able to form a judgement of each other's intentions from whatever manœuvres appear preparatory to the execution of those intentions. Our author insists that British troops possess as much fiery courage and impetuosity as the French; and are much stronger men; that the bayonet is our national weapon; that a rank of pikes is preferable to a third rank of firelocks [the mixture of Queen Elizabeth's days renewed!] that soldiers should be inured to muscular exercise; that the principles of manœuvres should be explained to them; "thus would a soldier conceive a relish for his profession, become active and vigorous, strong in arm, swift of foot, and hardy in constitution." We have also much learning on military subjects, from Roman and French authors, and from references to British military accoutrements of former times, which are by no means uninteresting, even now.

Cases and Cures of the Hydrophobia, selected from the Gentleman's Magazine. pp. 76. price 2s. Stace, London. 1807.

THE Gentleman's Magazine may be quoted in proof of the advantages attending periodical publications. It was the first of the kind; and in the course of so many years as it has been in circulation, it could not well fail of comprising a number of valuable communications. do not perceive that any great skill was necessary in compiling the present pamphlet; but we know that able practitioners may take a hint from less promising documents. We shall copy two articles, which may be useful.

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A total loss of appetite, generally early; though I have seen dogs eat and lap water the day before their death, which generally happens between seven and ten days after the first symptom has appeared. A mad dog will not, I believe, cry out on being struck, or shew any sign of fear on being threatened, though he will, very late in the disease, appear sensible of kind treatment.-I have never known a mad dog shew symptoms of the disease in less time after the bite than ten days; and I have known many instances of dogs having died mad as late as eight months after the bite. I think the symptoms generally appear between three and eight weeks

men.

after the bite.-A mad dog, in the height of the disorder, has a disposition to bite all other dogs, animals, or When not provoked, he usually attacks only such as come in his way; but, having no fear, it is peculiarly dangerous to strike at or provoke him.— Mad dogs appear to be capable of communicating the affection early in the disorder, and as soon as they begin to quarrel with or bite other dogs. The eyes of mad dogs do not look red or fierce, but dull, and have a peculiar appearance, which is easily distinguished by such as have been used to observe it, but not easy to be described.-Mad dogs never bark, but occasionally utter a most dismal and plaintive howl, expressive of extreme distress; and which they who have once heard can never forget. So that the dogs may be known to be going mad, without being seen, when only this dismal howl is heard.-Mad dogs do not foam or froth at the mouth, but their lips and tongue appear dry and foul, or slimy.-Though mad dogs generally refuse both food and drink in the latter stage of the disorder, yet they never shew any abhorrence or dread of water; will pass through it without difficulty, and lap it eagerly to the last. But it is remarkable, that though they lap water for a long time, and eagerly, and do not seem to experience any uneasiness from it, yet they do not appear to swallow a single drop of it; for however long they may continue lapping it, no diminution of quantity can be perceived.

There are two kinds of madness, both of which I have known to originate from the bite of the same dog. Among huntsmen, one is known by the name of raging, the other by that of dumb, madness. In dumb madness, the nether jaw drops, and is fixed, the tongue hangs out of the mouth, and slaver drops from it. In raging madness, the mouth is shut, except when the dog snaps or howls, and no moisture drops from it.

-The hairs of a mad dog do not stand erect more than those of other dogs. I do not know that there is any thing remarkable in the manner of a mad dog's carrying his head or his tail. I do not believe that dogs are more afraid of a mad dog than of any other dog. M. Petit's manner of discovering whether a dead Dog had been mad.

When a person hath been bit by a dog that is apprehended to be mad, it commonly happens that the dog is killed before one is assured of his condition. M. Petit, an eminent surgeon in France, has discovered an expedient for putting an end to this uneasiness. He rubs the throat, the teeth, and the gums of the dead dog with a piece of meat that hath been dressed, taking care that there be no blood to stain it, and then offers it to a living dog. If he refuses it with crying and howling, the dead dog was certainly mad; but if he eats it, there is nothing to fear.

Cautions and Reflections on Canine Madness; with the Method of preventing the Hydrophobia in Persons who have been bitten. By George Lipscomb, Surgeon, 8vo. pp. 21. Price 1s. 6d. Budd. London, 1807.

A slight essay, intended principally to put the public on its guard against the pretences of specifics. The author agrees with Dr. Moseley that caustics offer the best mode of treatment; and that lapis infernalis is the most advantageous.

We are of opinion that instantaneous treatment is of the utmost importance; and that, whoever has presence of mind to suck the part wounded immediately as the wound is inflicted, applies the most effectual medicament. We speak on our own knowledge of such instances; and this may allay the anxieties of mothers, when their children have suffered such accidents. The virus, were it swallowed, would, in the stomach, excite no disorder: but, indeed, there is no occasion to swallow any thing drawn from the patient. This operation should be continued long enough, and a free discharge from the wound promoted. By this means a cure may be greatly advanced before it is possible for professional assistance to arrive. Triomphe de l'Evangile, &c The Triumph of the Gospel, or Memoirs of a Man of the World who has renounced the Errors of modern Philosophy. Translated from the 7th edition of the original Spanish. 8vo. 4 vols. Lyons, Bruyset and Co. Paris. Leclerc.

A work which has passed through seven editions may be supposed to possess a considerable degree of merit, and its interest is increased by the nature of its subject, whence we derive some insight into the prevailing disposition of the Spanish nation. The author is a Spaniard, who lived in France during the most violent periods of the tempest which desolated that country. He saw what he describes. He supposes a philosopher who had long wandered amid the doctrines of modern sophists, and who had been hurried away by the illusory power of his passions, now forced by unforeseen misfortune, to seek a secret asylum, where, in spite of himself, the proofs of religion which he hears from an ecclesiastic who had given him shelter, sink deeply into

his mind. At first he maintains his errors; but by degrees the force of truth expells them; and his contrition is preceded by reformation. In consequence he determines to render himself useful in that station wherein Providence had placed him.

This work is thought to be extended somewhat too far; a more succinct manual would have answered the purpose equally well. It shews, however, the author's familiarity with the motives, abilities, and subterfuges, of the champions of infidelity; and the exposure of these gives equal value and interest to the book.

The Fisherman's Hut, in the Highlands of Scotland. With other Poems. By Alexander Yemau, Esq. 12mo. pp. 152. price 5s. Crosby, London, 1807.

Hail, gentle Muse! O teach me how to sing, Fledg'd by thy powers, to fly on airy wing; Like thee to please, in mildest, meek controul, Glow thro' the veins, and charm my very soul.

When weather-bound, man's providential foe, The high winds, drift the white increasing snow, Nor dares to stir or move, inclos'd about, Nor o'er the threshold even once peep out; Their crops are toss'd along the stormy air, And now lose hope of what was late their care; Where can they look, or ubstance how obtain? The infant cries distract the mother's brain. O kind resource !-the heifer once more gives To them her streams, that eager want receives Daily she thins, till strength can give no moreWant dwells within, and hovers round the door. Each day more scant, quick goes the barley food, As quickly goes their rifted logs of wood, Whose glowing embers make them truly blestCease but to blaze, their trouble's all confess'd; Wood, peats, and turf, their fuel and delight, When o'er the fire they pass the dreary night→ Keen hunger feels, tears fill the languid eye, Sunk is the heart, and soul on wing to fly; Loud blows the blast, as clouds of heavy rain, Advancing, sail along the northern main.

O wretched state! no teeming vessels here, And sad forebodings shape the solemn bier! Now comes the crimson stream, the knife obtains,

Warm flows the substance from the heifer's veins; Oatmeal commixt with the yet reeking blood; Thus Nature's voice demands the sorry food! Inured to want, with countless cares to know, While welcome death now takes the famish'd cow, Whose blood has long supplied the wretched fast, The cottage friend, and sacrifice at last!

A Detailed Account of the Battle of Austerlitz. By the Austrian General Stutterheim. Translated from the French by Major Pine Coffin, Assistant Quarter Master General to the British Army. 8vo. pp. 146. price Goddard. London. 1807.

We have read this useful little work with attention, and believe we understand it; but the want of a map of the operations is so great a defect, that we are unable to determine whether the censure passed by the writer on the commander in chief be well founded or not. We must, however, praise the management of Bonaparte, who did every thing, by doing nothing till the moment it was necessary, and then he did it effectually. Several practical inferences may be deduced from this detail: in stating which we shall adopt the words of the author. Among the most prominent causes of defeat is placed that-folly of never anticipating a check; and of not establishing magazines in the rear; as a consequence of that presumption. To these circumstances it was owing, that the army, while in the position of Olinutz was alinost destitute of provisions. It had only been there one day, before it was obliged to have recourse to forced requisitions; a violent expedient, which, by the disorderly manner in which it was executed, had much influence on the discipline of the army, into which a spirit of licentiousness began to insinuate itself from that day forwards. In the then state of politics, the gaining time was, at that moment, nearly of equal importance with the gaining a battle: and, the instant it was decided, not to manœuvre, it became of the highest importance to be enabled to subsist in the position of Olmutz, for the purpose of maintaining it. There still remained countries, from whence it would have been possible to draw provisions; but they were at a distance, and the convoys were obliged to make a long circuit. To this it was necessary to apply a speedy remedy. The officers of the commissariat received order, incessantly repeated, but never sufficiently urgent, to establish convoys of provisions, with all possible dispatch, upon the different road's; but some of this department wanted both activity and inclination; their systematic conception of things not allowing them to feel the extent of the emergency; while others experienced great embarrassment, from the detention, by the Russians, of a great p: vrt of the horses belonging to the country, which were employed in the transport of provisions, and were, in

consequence, at a loss for the means of conveyance. p. 37.

The bread was plundered on the roads both by the detachments appointed for its escort, and by a number of marauders who followed the army. The strict discipline that ought to have existed was not vigorously maintained, under the pretext, that the army was starv ing. Relaxation of discipline is always succeeded by excesses, and the licentiousness, attendant upon it, gives full latitude to the disaffected, and to all those who have not courage to support the numerous privations attendant upon modern warfare. It was thought impossible to subsist the army in the position in front of Olmutz, and it was resolved to abandon it, for the purpose of at tacking the enemy., p. 39.

During the whole night there was no chain of out-posts established in front of the posi tion occupied by the combined army.

continually patroles during the night, to their The out-posts on the left of the allies sent, right, in order to establish a communication with the Russian advanced posts, but could never fall in with them. p. 62.

An army which fought for want of food, which had not the discretion to establish outposts, which was totally ignorant of the position of the enemy, and of his designs, of course, which had maneuvred the whole day previous to the battle, under the eye of the enemy, who might count every battalion,-an army which had no central mass, and the columns which were detached from its main body were divergent, and were led by officers who literally adhered to their orders, though when in the presence of the enemy these orders were no longer applicable, must have been victorious by miracle, if at all. We may regret the battle of Austerlitz, but we cannot wonder at its issue. A powerful battery to have protected the centre, with effect, would have prevented the ruin, if not the defeat-no such resource existed.

An Index to the History of English Poetry, by Thomas Warton, B.D. Quarto pp. 70 Price 9s. Lackington and Co. 1800.

This is a useful companion to Warton: from the nature of it we can do no more than register it, for the advantage of those who possess the valuable work to which it refers. We have no reason to doubt

its correctness. The indexes are printed separately, and may be placed to each voluine at the pleasure of the purchaser.

FURTHER PARTICULARS RELATING TO THE
DEATH OF LOUIS XVI.

To the Editor of the LITERARY PANORAMA.

SIR,

I have read with great satisfaction the very
curious anecdotes have collected in proof
you
of the prediction of M. de Cazotte, which
was found among the papers left by the late
M. de la Harpe. Allow me to beg your at-
tention to an extract from Soulavie's History
of Louis XVI. describing the particulars of
the King's death; which, although not ma-
terially differing from the one you have in-
serted in Panorama, p. 1003, written by the
Abbé Edgeworth's sister, yet, perhaps, as
farther corroborating the circumstances, may
prove not unworthy a place in your entertain-
ing work. Anxiously waiting for your ac-
count of the conversion of M. de la Harpe
himself to Christianity, as the only thing re-
maining to complete your interesting history
of all the parties concerned, and distinctly
mentioned in his paper,

I remain, with great respect,
Your constant reader,

B. T.

Louis dedicated his last moments to acts of piety and devotion, in which there was neither weakness nor vanity. ، Those who entertain any friendship for me,' said he to Cléry, ought to rejoice at seeing me arrived at the end of so many sufferings.' He performed his last christian duties with piety and fortitude. As they were leading him to the scene of execution, he recited the prayers appointed for persons in their last moments.On his arrival at the foot of the scaffold, he finished his oraisons, took off his coat and cravat, untied his hair, and opened his shirt to expose his neck and shoulders. He then threw himself on his knees to receive from his confessor the absolution, in articulo mortis. As he rose to ascend the scaffold, his confessor himself fell upon his knees, and exclaimed, as if by inspiration, 66 Go, son "of St. Louis, ascend to heaven!" Arrived on the scaffold, Louis looked stedfastly on the instrument of death; one of the executioners tied his hands and cut off his hair : when he said to the people, in an elevated tone of voice, "I die perfectly innocent of "all pretended crimes they have charged me

with, and I forgive my enemies.”—Santerre, giving the signal for the drums to beat a roll, replied, “I HAVE NOT BROUGHTYOU 66 HERE TO HARANGUE, BUT TO DIE." The three executioners then seized the person of Louis, and tied him to the instrument with

leather straps; his head was instantly struck off, and held up to the populace amid the cries of Vive la liberté et la république ! Several persons having gathered, with pieces of linen, some drops and threads of blood, which fell on the ground and on the scaffold, they afterwards caused a representation of the nails which fixed Christ to the cross, and some sacrés cœurs to be engraved, and coloured them with the blood of Louis. My collection contains several copies of these. The Abbé le Duc, an acknowledged son of Louis XV. and Madame de Cavanac, had the courage to ask the Convention for the body of his uncle. It was, however, carried without a coffin to the burying ground of la Magdelaine, thrown, without any funeral ceremony, into a grave, and covered over with quick bime.

We are much obliged to our correspondent for the flattering encomiums he has passed upon us, relative to the pains we have taken in elucidating M. de la Harpe's paper. We do not deny that it was a work of some trouble, but not so much to us as it might have been to others, as we personally knew most of the parties, and have anecdotes in store, never before published, of many others of the monster-heroes of that accursed revolution. We are at the same time well aware of the circumstance which M. Soulavie has mentioned, and which was not noticed by Miss Edgeworth, viz. the unmanly expression uttered by the regicide brewer Santerre to his dying Sovereign-nay, farther, it has been our misfortune to know the subaltern wretch who is said to have acted as aid-de-camp on that occasion to Santerre, and who delivered the order" almost with the lightning's speed," for the drums to beat and drown the King's voice, we mean Dugazon, a play-actor, who at that moment was a pensioner of his monarch, as almost all those actors were who | belonged to the Théâtre François. We believe that, in this instance, M. Soulavie may be credited as a faithful historian-we have therefore inserted his narrative in compliance with our correspondent's request. But implicit reliance is not on all occasions to be placed on what he says; we shall instance particularly his puerilities against England, and more especially his libels against the muchinjured MARIA-ANTOINETTA, whom he has deeply calumniated, and this we speak of our own knowledge; many interesting anecdotes of whom, of indisputable authority, we are obliged to defer to some future numbers of

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