gency of the bufinefs on which it may come, every thing muft ftand ftill till the perfon vifited can find fufficient courage to speak to it; an event that fometimes does not take place for many years. It has not been found that female ghofts are more loquacious, than thofe of the male fex, both being equally reftrain ed by this law.

The mode of addreffing a ghoft is by commanding it, in the name of the Trinity, to tell you who it is, and what is its bufinefs; this it may be neceffary to repeat three times; after which it will, in a low and hollow voice, declare its fatisfaction at being fpoken to, and defire the party addreffing it not to be afraid, for it will do him no harm. This being promifed, it commonly enters into its narrative; which being completed, and its request or commands given, with injunctions that they be immediately executed, it vanishes away, frequently in a flash of light; in which cafe, fome ghofts have been fo confiderate as to defire the party to whom they appeared to fhut their eyes: fometimes its departure is attended with delightful mufic. During the narrative of its business, a ghoft muft by no means be interrupted by queftions of any kind: fo doing is extremely dangerous; if any doubts arife, they must be ftated after the fpirit has done its tale. Questions refpecting its ftate, or the ftate of any of their former acquaintance, are of fenfive, and not often answered; fpirits, perhaps, being reftrained from divulging the fecrets of their prifonhoufe. Occafionally, fpirits will even condefcend to talk on common occurrences, as is inftanced by Glanvil, in the apparition of major George Sydenham to captain William Dyke, wherein the major reproved the captain for fuffering a fword which he had given him to grow rufty, faying, Captain, captain, this fword did not ufe to be kept after this manner

when it was mine.' This attention to the state of arms was a remnant of the major's profeffional duty when living. It is fomewhat remarkable, that ghofts do not go about their bufinefs, like perfons of this world. In cafes of murder, a ghoft, instead of going to the next juftice of the peace, and laying its information, or to the neareft relation of the perfon murdered, appears to fome poor labourer, who knows none of the parties, draws the curtains of fome decrepit nurfe or alms-woman, or hovers about the place where his body is depofited. The fame circuitous mode is pursued with refpect to redreffing injured orphans or widows; when it feems as if the fhorteft and molt certain way would be, to go to the perfon guilty of the injuftice, and haunt him continually till he be ter rified into a reflitution. Nor is the pointing out loft writings generally managed in a more fummary way; the ghoft commonly applying to a third perfon, ignorant of the whole affair, and a stranger to all concerned. But it is prefumptuous to fcrutinize too far into thefe matters; ghofts have undoubtedly forms and customs peculiar to themselves.

If, after the first appearance, the perfons employed neglect, or are prevented from, performing the meffage or bufinefs committed to their management, the ghost appears continually to them, at firft with a difcontented, next an angry, and at length with a furious countenance, threatning to tear them to pieces if the matter is not forthwith executed: fometimes terrifying them, by appearing in many formidable shapes, and fometimes even giving them a violent blow. Of blows given by ghofts there are may inftances, and fome wherein they have been followed with an incurable lameness.

It should have been obferved, that ghofts, in delivering their commiffons, in order to enture belief, com

municate to the perfons employed fome fecret, known only to the parties concerned, and themselves, the relation of which always produces the effect intended. The bufinefs being completed, ghofts appear with a cheerful countenance, faying they fhall now be at reft, and will never more disturb any one; and, thanking their agents, by way of reward communicate to them fomething relative to themselves, which they will never reveal

Sometimes ghofts appear, and difturb a houfe, without deigning to give any reafon for fo doing; with thefe, the fhorteft and only way is to exorcife and eject them; or, as the vulgar term it, lay them. For this purpose there must be two or three clergymen, and the ceremony muft be performed in Latin: a language that trikes the most audacious ghoft with terror. A ghoft may be laid for any term lefs than a hundred years, and in any place, or body, full or empty; as a folid oak-the pommel of a sword-a barrel of beer, if a yeoman, or fimple gentleman-or, if

an efquire or a juftice, in a pipe of wine. But of all places, the moft common, and what a ghost least likes, is the Red Sea; it being related in many inftances, that ghosts have most earneftly befought the exorcifts not to confine them in that place. It is nevertheless confidered as an indif puted fact, that there are an infinite number laid there, perhaps from its being a fafer prifon, than any other nearer at hand; though neither his tory nor tradition gives us any inftance of ghofts escaping or returning from this kind of transportation before their time.

Such are the ufes which have been anfwered by ancient ghofts, those in which our forefathers took delight. The fecond part of my enquiry was to refolve their use in modern times, as it is needlefs to inform any of my readers that they have lately been revived in our theatres.

This part of my subject will take up very little room, and may be expreffed in very few words. The only ufe any perfon has yet difcovered for modern ghofts is, to fill the manager's pockets!

CHAP. I. Article I.

THE THE French republic is one and indivifible.

Its European territory is diftribut ed into departments and communal diftricts.

2. Every man born and refident in France, and of the age of 21 years, who has infcribed his name in the civic register of his communal diftrict, and afterward remained a year on the territory of the French republic, is a French citizen.

3. A foreigner becomes a French eitizen, who, after having attained the age of 21 years, and declared his intention of fixing his refidence in France, has refided there for ten

fucceffive years.

4. The title of French citizen is forfeited-By naturalization in a foreign country.

By accepting any office or penfion from a foreign government.

By affiliation with any foreign corporation, which fuppofes diftinctions of birth.

By condemnation to corporal or infamous punishments.

5. The exercife of the rights of a French citizen is fufpended by bankruptcy, or by a total or partial fucceffion to the property of an infol. vent.

By a ftate of hired fervitude, either attached to the service of the perfon or the family.

By a ftate of judicial interdiction, accufation, or contumacy.

6. In order to exercise the rights of citizenship, they muft have been acquired by being domiciliated by a year's refidence, and not forfeited by a year's absence.

7. The citizens of every communal diftrict shall appoint, by their fuffrages, thofe whom they think moft worthy of conducting the public affairs. There fhall be a lift of confidence, containing a number of names equal to a tenth of the number of citizens poffeffing the right of fuffrage. From this first communal lift the public functionaries of diftricts fhall be taken.

8. The citizens comprised in the communal lifts of a department fhall alfo appoint a tenth of their number. Thefe fhall conftitute a fecond lift, called the departmental lift, from which the public functionaries of cach department fhall be taken.

9. The citizens included in the departmental lift fhall alfo appoint a tenth of their number; this third lift fhall confift of the citizens of each department, eligible to public national functions.

10. The citizens who shall have a right of co-operating in the formation of any of the lifts mentioned in the three preceding articles, fhall every third year be called upon to exercise the power of replacing thofe who have died, or abfented themselves for any other caufe than the exercife of a public function.

1. They may also withdraw from the lifts those whom they fhall not judge proper to continue, and replace them by other citizens in whom they may have greater confidence.

12. No one shall be erafed from the lifts, otherwise than by the votes of the decifive majority of the citi zens, having the right of co-operating in their formation.

13. No one shall be erafed from the lift of thofe eligible to public national functions, merely becaufe his name may have been ftruck out

of a list of an inferior or fuperior degree.

14. The appointment to the lift of eligibles is only neceffary with regard to public functions, for which that condition is exprefsly required by the conftitution or by the law. All the lifts of the eligibles fhall be formed in the course of the 9th year.

CHAP. II.

15. The confervatory fenate fhall be compofed of 24 members, of 40 years of age, at least, to be immoveable during life.

For the formation of the fenate, there fhall be nominated in the first inftance 60 members; this number fhall be increased to 62 in the course of the 8th year, to 64 in the 9th year, and fhall be gradually increafed to 80 by the addition of two members in each of the ten firft years.

16. The nomination to the office of fenator fhall be by the senate, who fhall make choice out of three candidates prefented to them; the first by the legislative body, the fecond by the tribunate, and the third by the chief conful.

They fhall only chufe from two candidates, if one of them is propofed by two of the three authorities prefenting them.

17. The chief conful, upon quiting his office, either by the expiration of his functions, or by refignation, neceffarily, and as a matter of right, becomes a fenator.

The two other confuls, during the month which follows the expiration of their functions, may take their feats in the fenate, but are not obliged to exercife that privilege.

They lofe it altogether, if they quit their confular functions, by refignation.

18. A fenator is always ineligible to any other public function.

19. All the lifts made in the departments, by virtue of the 9th ar

ticle, fhall be addreffed to the fenate. They fhall compose the national lift. 20. From this lift fhall be elected the legislators, the tribunes, the confuls, the judges of caffation, and the commiffaires a la refponfibilitè.

21 They fhall confirm or annul every act referred to them as unconftitutional by the tribunate, or the government; the lifts of the eligibles fhall be included among these acts.

22. The revenues of national domains, the terms of which are expired, fhall be liable to the expences of the fenate. The annual falary of each of its members fhall be paid out of thofe revenues. It shall be equal to a 20th of that of the chief conful.

23. The fittings of the fenate are not public.

24. Citizens Sieyes and Roger Ducos, the two confuls who are to go out of office, fhall be nominated members of the confervatory fenate; they fhall unite with the fecond and third confuls nominated by the prefent one. These four citizens fhall appoint the majority of the fenate, which fhall afterward complete itself, and proceed to the elections entrufted to its direction.

CHAP. III.

Of the Legislative Power. 25. No new law fhall be promulgated, unless the plan fhall have been propofed by the government, communicated to the tribunate, and decreed by the legislative body.

26. The plans which the government may propofe fhall be drawn up under different heads. In every cafe in which fuch plans fhall be difcuffed, the government may withdraw them, and prefent them again in a modified flate.

27. The tribunate is to be compofed of 100 members of 25 years of age, at the leaft; they fhall be renewed by fifths every year, and indefinitely reeligible while they remain upon the national lift.

Ed. Mag. Feb. 1800.

28. The tribunate fhallifcufs the plans of every law that may be propofed: it fhall vote for the dorion or rejection of them.

It fhall fend three ora ors taken from its body, by whom the motives of its vote, with respect to each of the plans, fhall be ftated and fupported before the legislative body.

It fhall refer to the fenate, but for the cause of inconftitutionality only, the lift of eligibles, the acts of the legiflative body, and those of the government.

29. It fhall exprefs its opinion as to the laws made or to be made, the abuses to be corrected, the ameliorations to be attempted in every part of the public administration, but never relative to the civil or criminal affairs, referred to the tribunals.

The opinions it fhall give, by virtue of the prefent article, are to be followed by no neceffary confequence; they compel no conflituted authority to come to any deliberation.

P

30. When the tribunate adjourns, it may appoint a committee of from 10 to 15 members, charged to convoke it, if it fhall be deemed neceffary.

31. The legislative body fhall be compofed of 300 members, of 30 years of age, at the leaft; they fhall be renewed by fifths every year. There ought always to be one citizen, at leaft, of each department of the republic prefent.

32. A member who goes out of the legislative body cannot re enter till after the interval of a year; but he may be immediately elected to any other public function, including that of tribune, provided he is in other refpects eligible.

33. The fitting of the legislative body fhall commence every year on the 1ft Frimaire, and fhall continue only four months; it may be extraordinarily convoked during the other eight by the government. 34. The legislative body enacts

the

the law y determining by fecret fcrutiny, and without any difcuffion on the part of its members, upon the pls of the law debated before it, by he orators of the tribunate and the government.

35. The fittings of the tribunate, and of the legislative body, fhall be public; the number of ftrangers in either of them not to exceed 200.

36. The annual falary of a tribune fhall be 15,000 francs, that of a legiflator 10,000 francs.

37. Every decree of the legislative body fhall, on the 10th day after it fhall be made, be promulgated by the chief conful, unlefs in the mean time it is referred to the fenate, on the ground of inconftitutionality. Such reference cannot be made with regard to laws that have been promulgated.

38. The firft renewal of the legiflative body, and of the tribunate fhall not take place till the 10th year. CHAP. IV.

Of the Government. 39. The government is entrusted to three confuls appointed for 10 years, and indefinitely re-eligible. Each of them is to be elected individually with the diftinct quality of chief, fecond, or third conful. The first time the third conful fhall only be named for five years.

For the prefent time Gen. Buonaparte is appointed chief conful; citizen Cambaceres, now minifter of juftice, fecond conful; and citizen Lebrun, member of the committee of ancients, third conful.

40. The chief conful has particular functions and attributes, which, when he is exercifing, he may be temporarily fupplied by one of his colleagues.

41. The chief conful is to promulgate the laws; he is to name and revoke at pleasure the members of the council of ftate; the minifters, ambaffadors, and other principal foreign agents, the officers of the army by land and fea, the members of local ad

miniftration and the commiffioners of the government at the tribunals. He is to appoint all judges criminal and civil, as well as juftices of peace, and the judges of caffation, without the power of afterward revoking them.

42. In the other acts of the government, the second and third confuls are to have a confultative voice; they are to fign the register of the acts, in order to manifeft that they were prefent; and if they please, they may counterfign their opinions; after which the determination of the chief conful fhall follow.

43. The falary of the chief conful fhall be 500,000 francs, for the 8th year. The falary of the other two confuls fhall be equal to three tenths of that of the first.

44. The government is to propose the laws, and to make the neceffary regulations to enfure their execution.

45. The government is to direct the receipts and expences of the state, conformable to the annual law which determines the amount of each; it fhall fuperintend the coinage of money, of which the law alone fhall order the iffue, fix the value, the weight, and the impreffion.

46. When the government is informed of any confpiracies against the ftate, it may iffue orders to arreft and bring before them the perfons who are fufpected as the authors or accomplices; but if, within ten days after fuch arreft they are not fet at liberty, or brought to trial, it shall be confidered, on the part of the minifter figning the order, as an act of arbitrary detenfion.

47. The government is to fuperintend the internal fafety, and external defence of the ftate; it is to dif tribute the forces by fea and land, and regulate the direction of them.

48. The national guard on duty is fubject to the regulations of the public adminiftration. The national guard not on duty is only fubject to the law.

49. The