ORIGINAL LETTER FROM LORD HARDWICKE TO JAMES MARQUIS OF ANNAN MY LORD, DALE *. 6th April, 1736. TO fee a young Nobleman inquir ing after the propereft methods for his own education, cannot but give one a moft fenfible pleasure, in an age when the far greater part leave that care entirely to others; or, perhaps, do their utmost to obftruct the fruits of it themselves: on the contrary, fuch an inquiry fhews a laudable folicitude to affift the endeavours of parents, and to improve upon the inftruction of tutors, of which I doubt not but your Lordship is fupplied with the best. This would make it the highest impertinence in me to fay one word to you on this topic, if your commands did not arm me with a juftification. The important bufinefs of your education feems chiefly to confift in three things your ftudies, your exercifes, and your travels. In your ftudies, your firft employment will of courfe be the learning of languages, ancient and modern. Without a competent fkill in the former, you will want the inexpreffible pleasure and advantage that can only be drawn from thofe immortal patterns of ner. vous beautiful writing, and virtuous action, which Greece and Rome have left us; and without the latter, a man of quality muft find himself frequently at a lofs becomingly to act many parts, both in public and private life, to which his birth and rank do naturally call him. As you proceed farther, permit me to recommend Mathematics to your particular favour; it is of infinite fervice in variety of affairs, but there is one general ufe of it, which I remember my Lord Bacon fomewhere mentions-that it tends above all things to fix the attention of youth; for in demonftration, if a man's mind wander never fo little, he muft begin again. Ed. Mag. Jan. 1800. is The study of the Roman Civil Law what every true friend of your Lordship would moft earnestly with you to purfue-as the groundwork of the law of most countries, and in cafes where their municipal laws have made no special provifion, it is their rule of judging: believe me, the benefits you will derive from a fuperior knowledge of this fcience are not to be defcribed within the compass of a letter; and as your Lordship may poffibly one day have a feat in Parliament, your country will by this means find you the much better qua lified for their fervice, as well as your own. I fhall be in danger of going farther out of my depth, if I attempt to fay much about your exercises. They require judgment in choofing, and many of them are highly conducive to ftrengthening the conftitution, and forming a graceful behaviour: it feems to be a fault of the present age, to neglect the manly and warlike exercifes, and to prefer those which are foft and effeminate; the former are certainly a neceffary part of the education of a man of quality, not to be laid afide as foon as learned, but to be made a habit for life. Hence you will be rendered more apt for military fatigue and difcipline, if ever the cause of your Prince and Country fhall require you to endure it. And one cannot help obferving, that it would be much for the honour of the. Nobility, as well as the fecurity of this kingdom, if more, even of those who do not think fit to make War their trade, would however qualify themselves to perform that honour, able fervice. To thefe I-prefume travelling will fucceed, not only from the reason of the thing, but the fashion of the times, and it were much to be wished that being in the fashion was not for H the * Who fucceeded his father in 1724, and died unmarried at Naples in 1745. the most part the fole aim of it. It is undoubtedly in itself a noble part of inftruction, as it affords an opportunity of becoming acquainted with the Conftitutions and Intereits of Foreign Countries, the Courts of their Princes, the genius, trade, and general purfuits of the people. But as things are now managed, what is often fubftituted in the room of these moft ufeful inquiries?-Nothing but the infection of their vices and luxury, their arts of dreffing themselves and their victuals, and the acquifition of falle vitiated tafte in both. To intimate one or two of the many causes of this unhappy abuse, may ferve juft to point out the way to avoid it :-One fundamental error is travelling too early; the mind of a young man wants to be fitted and prepared for this kind of cultivation; and, until it is properly opened by study and learning, he will want light to fee and obferve, as well as knowledge to apply, the facts and occurrences met with in foreign countries; without this foundation, a boy may be carried to fee one of these idle fhews called moving pictures, or the French Court in wax-work, with almost as great advantage, and with much more in nocence. Another fatal error is exceffive expence, to which this part of what is called education is fuffered to be carried. It is not uncommon to fee a young Gentleman fpend more by the year in fuch a tour, than the income of his eftate will in prudence afford him the means of doing when fettled with a family at home! And to what purpose? Not to enable him to learn the more; for it turns him out of the paths of application and attention into thofe of pleasure and riot: not to enable him to affociate with the beft company of foreigners, but the moft luxurious and extravagant of his own countrymen, or with fuch ftrangers as will refort to him only for his money. If the great number of travellers be confidered, the drain of cash hereby occafioned is an apparent detriment to this kingdom, and the mifchief to particular families is irretrievable, by acquiring a habit of expence which their eftate cannot poffibly bear, and which will ever be followed by a certain train of confequences, dangerous to the public as well as private welfare. In former times the people of Britain who travelled were observed to return home with their affections the more ftrongly engaged towards the well-tempered Conftitution and liberty of their own country, from having obferved the miferies refulting from arbitrary Governments abroad. This was a happy effect, and most defirable to be continued: but by an unlucky reverse it fometimes happens in these days, that being taught to like the fafhions and manners of foreign countries, they are led to have no averfion to their political institutions, and their methods of exercising civil power. The proteftant religion being eftablished here is one great fecurity of our civil liberty. That occular demonftration of the grofs fuperftitions and abfurdities of religion abroad, which travelling furnishes, was formerly thought to fix the mind in a more firm attachment to our primitive fimplicity and abhorrence of the latter. It were much to be wifhed that this obfervation would conftantly hold; but I fear the cafe is now fometimes otherwife, with this further ill confequence, that many of our young men, by a long interruption of the exercise of their own religion, become abfolutely indifferent to all. In what I have faid, I defire to be understood not to advise your Lordfhip againft travelling; my view is far otherwife it is only to lay before you what appeared to me, informed as I am, to be the modern abufes of it; that, by avoiding those, you may be in a condition to make ufe ufe of that which is truly useful in itself. Forgive me, my dear Lord, this tedious letter, drawn from me by your own requeft, and proceeding from the fincereft defire of your lasting profperity. Be affured that I fhould think it a very happy circumftance in my life, if any advice of mine could be in the leaft degree affiftant towards rendering a young No. A bleman of your quality and hopes the more capable of performing that fervice to his King, his country, and his family, which they may justly expect from him; and that I am, with the utmost truth, Your Lordship's moft faithful and obedient humble Servant, Hardwicke. BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS PUBLISHED IN LONDON IN DECEMBER 1799. Agriculture Arts and Sciences. GENERAL View of the Agriculture of the Weft Riding of Yorkfhire; furveyed by Meffrs. Rennie, Brown, and Saiteff, 1793. With Obfervations on the Means of its Improvement, and additional Information fince received; drawn up for the Confideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement. By Robert Brown, Farmer at Markie, near Haddington, Scotland. 8vo. 6s. Nicol, Sewell. On the Conftruction of Kitchen Fire Places, and Kitchen Utenfils; together with Remarks and Obfervations relating to the various Proceffes of Cookery, and Proposals for improving that moft ufeful Art. With Plates. Being Effay X. Part I. By Benjamin Count Rumford. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Cadell and Davies. A Tranflation of the Table of chemical, Nomenclature, prepared by De Morveau, Lavoifier, Berthollet, and De Fourcroy; with Explanations, Additions, and Alterations. With feven fheet folio Tables, &c. By George Pearfon, M. D. 4to. 148. Johnson. H & Biography. Authentic Memoirs of Tippoo Sultan: including his Campaigns with the Mahrattas, Rajahe, W. Haftings, Efq. Lord Cornwallis, Lord Mornington, &c.; cruel Treatment, of English Prifoners, Plunders, Intrigues, and fecret Correfpondence with France, as laid before the Houfe of Commons; a full Account of the Capture of Seringapatam; Defcription of Eaftern Countries hitherto unknown; curious entertaining Anecdotes; and a preliminary Sketch of the Life and Character of Hyder Aly Cawn. By an Officer in the Eaft India Service. 8vo. 38. Weft and Hughes. Select Eulogies of Members of the French Academy: with Notes. By the late M. D'Alembert. Tranflated from the French. With a Preface and additional Notes. By J. Aikin, M. D. 2 vols. 12mo. 109. Cadell and Davies. Hiftory. Remarks on fome Paffages in Mr Bryant's Publications refpecting the War of Troy. By the Editor of "The Voyage of Hanno," 8vo. 2s. 6d. 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The Wide Man of the Eaft; or the Apparition of Zoroafter, the Son of Oromafes, to the Theatrical Midwife of Leicefter Fields; a fatirical poem, in four parts, involving a Series of Strictures on the Genius of Kotzebue, and the Merits of the German Drama. By Thomas Dutton, A. M. Author of the Literary Cenfus," &c. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Symonds. 58. The Wife Man of the Eaft; a Play in five Acts, performing at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden; from the German of Kotzebue. By Mrs Inchbald. 8vo. 25. Robinsons. Management; a Comedy in five Acts, as performed at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden. By Frederick Reynolds, Elq. 8vo. 2s. Longman and Rees. The Turnpike Gate; a musical Entertainment in two Acts, now performing with univerfal applaufe at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden. By T. Knight. 8vo, Is. 6d. Robinfons. 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