had ftrengthened his pofts on the flanks of the Auftrians, who were advancing, but who had been held in check by the forces which occupied the poft of Monte

French army in Italy, which, under his direction, prepared to open the campaign of 1795. In the fpring of that year, we find the Autro-Sardinian army defeated within forty miles of Turin ; 14,000 were either killed or taken prifoners on this occafion, and the cannon and camp equipage feized on by the victors. The army of Lombardy was alfo doomed to experience a moft humiliating defeat, although led on by the cautious veteran, Beaulieu, in perfon. This victory was attributed folely to the skilful manœuvres of Bonaparte, commander in chief, feconded by the active exertions of Generals Laharpe, Maffena, and Servona. The Austrian general, Provera, was taken prifoner in a third engagement; in confequence of which, forty field pieces, with the horses, mules, and artillery waggons, &c. were captured by the French, 2,500 of the allies killed, and 8,000 made prifoners. In fhort, the battles of Millefimo, Dego, Mondovi, Monte Lerino, and Montenotte, were decifive of the fate of Sardinia; for the aged and fuperftitious monarch then feated on the throne, found himself reduced to the humiliating fituation of relinquithing Savoy and Nice, and fubfcribing to fuch terms were granted by a generous conqueror, who could have driven him from his throne, and obliged him to have spent the fhort remainder of a wretched life in exile, and poffibly in poverty.

6

"The battle of Lodi, fought on the 21ft Floreal, (May 10th) nearly completed the overthrow of the Auftrian power in Italy, and added greatly to the reputation of the French arms. On this occafion, a battalion of grenadiers bore down all before them, and reached the bridge of Lodi fhouting, Long live the republic!' But the dreadful fire kept up by the enemy having ftopped their progrefs, Generals Berthier, Maffena, Cervoni, &c. ruthed forward: even their prefence would have proved ineffectual, had it not been for the intrepidity of Bonaparte, who fnatching a ftandard from the hand of a fubaltern, like Cæfar, on a fimilar occafion, placed himself in the front, and animating his foldiers by his actions and getticulations, (for his voice was drowned by the noise of the cannon and muíquetry) victory once more arranged herself under the Gallic banners.

"In confequence of this fignal defeat, or rather series of defeats, the veteran Beaulieu was obliged to yield the palm to a younger rival, for he felt himself reduced to the neceffity of retreating with the fhattered remains of his army among the mountains of Tyrol ; on which, the French took poffeffion of the greater part of Lombardy, and acquired aftonishing refources, and immenfe magazines.

After

Montenotte, lying between Vol ri and Savona. The poffeffion of this poit was abf lutely neceffiry to cutting off the retreat of the divifion of the French, whom they

"After croffing the Mincio in the face of the Aurians, the republican army entered Verona, which fo lately had afforded an afylum to one of the titular Kings of France, and feized on Pavia. Here a new and more dreadful enemy attempted to arrest the progrefs of the conquerors. It was fuperfition, cloathed in cowls and furplices, brandishing a poniard in one hand and a crucifix in the other! But the fpeedy punishment of the priests and adherents put an end to the infurrection, and thus faved Bonaparte and his army from a more imminent danger than they had yet experienced, and from which no French army that has hitherto croffed the Alps has been exempt.

"At length Mantua remained alone in the poffeffion of the Auftrians, and this ftrong city was alfo foon invefted by the victors, who, at the fame time, made inroads into the Tyrol, and by the battle of Roveredo and the poffeffion of Trent, became masters of the paffes that led to Vienna. In the mean time, the gallant Wurmfer determined to fhut himself up, with the remainder of his difpirited troops, in Mantua; and the Auftrians made one more grand effort, by means of General Alvinzy, to rescue his besieged army, and regain their ancient preponderance in Italy. But the battle of Arcolo completely difappointed their expectations; and the capture of Manttia, at one and the fame time, concluded the campaign, and completed their humiliation.

"In the winter of 1796, General Bonaparte was united in marriage to Madame Beauharnois, a beautiful French woman, who had experienced a variety of perfecutions during the reign of Robefpierre. Her former husband had attained the rank of General in the service of the republic, and had always conducted himself as a friend to liberty. He, however, fell a victim to the terrorists. M. Barras at length, luckily for her, extended his protection to the beautiful widow, who is now the wife of his friend.

"In the campaign of 1797, the command of the combined imperial army was committed to the Archduke Charles; and that the hero of Kehla fhould, oppose the hero of Italy. The conteft, how ever, was not long between birth and genius; between a young man of illuftrious extraction, surrounded by flatterers, and educated in the corrupting circle of a court, and a hardy Corfican, brought up amidit dangers, breathing the fpirit of ancient republics; acquainted with all the machinery of modern warfare, directing every thing under his own eye-whofe mistress was the commonwealth, and whofe companion was-PLUTARCH.

"The

they had previoufly defeated; and as it appeared probable that the Auftrians would renew the attack with their whole force, Bonaparte fent a divifion, under General Maffena, to take advantage of the night, and gain the rear of the Auftrian army.

General Beaulieu, having reinforced his army, began the attack at break of day, the fuccefs was various, and the victory remained undecided until the divifion. under General Maffepa, who had been fent round by Bonaparte, appeared on the left and rear.

Unable to

with ftand this fhock, the Auftrian army was thrown into confufion, and, being completely routed, was purfued by the French to Cairo. Their lofs amounted to 3,500 men, of whom 2,coo were prifoners.

This victory was followed by one yet more fignal and decifive at the village of Millefimo. Bonaparte taking advantage of the diforder of the Auftrians, pushed forward and gained poffeflion of Cairo, a poft on the Bormida, which commanded the roads leading to Turin,

and

The war on the continent may be faid to be at an end. An Emperor and a Pope humbled-the imperial crown reduced to nearly an empty name, and the pontifical one at the will of the conqueror. Kings and tates overthrown, and a new and formidoble republic rated in the heart of Europe, while the beheld the overthrow of five mighty armies, commanded by gallant and exprienced officers-Such is the fummary of the political efforts and artial achievments of a General who has not as yet (1796) atrained the thirtieth year of his age.

"As to his perfon, Bonaparte is of small stature, but admirably proportioned. He is of a fpare habit of body, yet robuft and qualified to undergo the greatest hardships and fatigues. His complection, like that of all the males of fouthern climates, is olive; his eyes blue, his chin prominent, the lower part of his face thin, and his forehead quare and projecting.

"In refpect to his mind, he poffeffes uncommon attainments. He converies freely, and without pedantry, on all fubjects, and writes and fpeaks with fluency and eloquence. Above all things, he has in a great degree made himself master of his paffions. He is abitemious at his meals, and was never feen, in the flighteft degree, intoxicated; he has many friends, but no minions; and preieves an inviolable fecrecy, by means of a rigorous filence."

MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

and into Lombardy. The Auftrians retreating along the mountains to the left of this river, halted at Millefimo: the defiles leading to which village, were forced by General Angerau on the 11th of April, who furrounded a divifion of 1.500 grenadiers, commanded by the Auftrian general, Provera; but this officer, instead of furrendering, threw himfelf into the ruins of an old caftle on the fummit of Mount Coffaria, where he threw up entrenchments.

After a fevere cannonade of feveral hours, a general attack was made in four columns on this poft, in which the French were repulfed, with the lofs of two of the Generals who commanded the affault; and Provera keeping firm in his pofition, stopped. the progress of the French army for five days, and gave time to the Auftrians to recover their diforder, and recruit their forces. On the fifth day the armies prepared for a general action. Angerau, who commanded the left wing of the French army, fill held Provera blockaded in the ruins of the caftle. The Auftrians and Piedmontefe attempting to force the centre, were repulfed with great lofs; and their left wing, which was flanked by the village of Dego, where they were strongly entrenched, was turned by General Maffena. General Laharpe, in the mean time, paffing the Bormida, with his divifion in clofe columns, fucceeded in turning the -right flank of the left wing of the Auftrian army; and while the divifion under General Cervoni marched directly towards the centre, General Boyer, with a third divifon, threw himself in their rear, with the defign to cut off their retreat. The Auftrians loft upwards of 10,000 men in this action, of whom 8.000 were prifoners, with thirty-two pieces of cannon, and fifteen pairs of colours; and General Povera with his garrifon furrendered themfelves prifoners of war.

On the following day, while the French were indulging themselves in fecurity after the fatigues of the battle, they were surprised at the village of Dego by General Beaulieu at the head of 7,000 men, whom he had

rallied.

rallied. The Auftrians diflodged the French from this poft, and repulfed them three feveral times, with 'General Maffena at their head, in their attempt to retake it. General Cauffe, whilft rallying his divifion, was mortally wounded. The day had far advanced before its fate was decided. The Auftrians maintained their pofitions with obtinate valour; but preffed by the French troops who had been rellied by Bonaparte, they were at length obliged to retreat, after lofing two thoufand men, of whom fourteen hundred were made prifoners.

In confequence of the victory at Dego, the Piedmontefe army evacuated the poft of Montefimo: in confequence of which Angerau was enabled to effect a junction with the divifion that had penetrated acrois the mountains from Oneglia, and afterwards marched on to attack the enemy's entrenched camp, before Ceva, of which, after a flight refiftance, he gained poffeffion, as well as of the town. The Piedmontefe, in retreating towards Turin, had taken advantageous pofitions at the confluence of the rivers Cuaglia and Tanaro, on the banks of which they placed batteries, fo as to render their flank unaffailable; and, affembling the weight of of their forces on the right, had forced the left of the French army to retreat; when General Maffena, having crofled the Tanaro, near Ceva, during the night of the 20th of April, and marched along its banks to the village of Lozengo, and Bonaparte having made difpofitions to march forwards to Mandovi, the Piedmontefe general, Count Colli, dreading the iffue of a conteft where he might eafily be furrounded, and his retreat cut off, withdrew to that place during the night. At day-break, the French attacked him at the entrance of the village of Vico; the redoubt which covered the centre of the Piedmontefe army was taken, and Mondovi itfelf, on the fame day, fell into the hands of the French. Numerous towns, and pofts, now furrendered, and General Angerau took poffeffion of the fortified town of Alba.

The