Astonish (verb), to paralyse with

alarm; I. iii. 56.

Até (prop. name) the goddess of Retribution and of Evil; III. i. 271. Cf. King John, II. i. 63. Audience (sub), hearing; III. ii. 2 Lat. audientia, hearing, from audire, to hear. Augurer (sub.), one who divined the future from such occurrences as the flight of birds; a reader of omens. Shakespeare confounds the augurer (or more properly the augur) with the haruspex, the Etrurian diviners, who foretold coming events from the appearance of the entrails of sacrificed animals; II. i. 200. The illustration in the "Notes shows the usual dress of the augur. Awe (verb), to strike with reverence, and hence to keep in subjection; I. ii. 123. A.S. oga or ege, awe.

Bathe (verb), dip, immerse; III. i. 106. A.S. bathian, to bathe, from A.S. baeth, a bath. Cf. Antony and Cleopatra, IV. ii. 6.

Battle (sub.), division of an army; V. i. 4.

Bay (verb), (1) standing at bay defy

ing attack; III. i. 204; (2) to bark at; IV. iii. 27. The former sense of the term comes from the phrase, etre aux abois, to be at bay, the latter from the O. F. abbayer, to bark, also Low Lat. baubari, to yelp; Troilus and Cressida, II. iii. 93; and Cymbeline, V. v. 223. Beads (sub.), tears; III. i. 284.

a

Bear (verb), has many special idiomatic meanings; (1) bear hand over restrain; I. ii. 35; (2) bear hard cherish enmity against; I. ii. 316; II. i. 215; (3) bear me get from me, receive at my hands; III. iii. 18. Befriend (verb), favour; II. iv. 30. Cf. Timon of Athens, III. ii. 62. Beholding (verb), obliged to, under obligations to, beholder, III. ii. 70. Belike (adv.), as it appears; as it seems to me; III. ii. 275. Bend (sub.), glance, look; I. ii. 123. M.E. benden; A.S. bendan, to string a bow, from A.S. bend, a band, which comes in turn from band, past tense of bindan, to bend. Besmear (verb), dip in, cover, soil ; III. i. 107.

"At

Best (adj.), used in courtesy without any distinct or definite sense; your best leisure," III. i. 5. Bestow (verb), lay out, expend; V. v. 61. M.E. stowen to put in a place; A.S. stow a place. Cf. Twelfth Night, I. iii. 94. Bethink, used reflectively

and

me

followed by a clause resolve, come to some conclusion; IV. iii. 251. Used almost in the sense of 66 thinks." A.S. thencan, thencean, to think. Cf. Richard II., II. iii. 8. Betimes (adv.), soon, before it becomes too late; II. i. 116. Betray (verb), ensnare, entrap; II. i. 204. Prefix be and O.F. trair, to deliver up, from Lat. tradere. The prefix be was due to confusion with bewray. Cf. Cymbeline, I. iii.

29.

Beware (verb), used in transitive sense almost as an interjection. "Take care" (cf. Lat. Cave), I. ii. 18. It is now written as one word formerly it stood as "be ware" be cautious. A.S. w-aer,

cautious; Macbeth, IV. i. 71. Bills (sub.), written instructions,

note; V. ii. 1. Low Lat. billa, from bulla, a papal edict. Bird of night (sub.), owl; I. iii. 26. Blocks (sub.), any large lump of inanimate matter, hence persons that are destitute of feeling or sympathy; I. i. 40.

Blood (sub.), used in sense of (1) relationship; I. i. 56; (2) association in a great enterprise; IV. iii. 115; (3) young men of spirit and enthusiasm; IV. iii. 262. Blunt (adj.), unceremonious and without polish; used in opposition to dandified airs; III. ii. 222. M.E. blunt, blont, allied to Icel. blunda, sleep.

Bold (verb), make free with; II. i. 86. M.E. bold or bald; A.S. beald, bald. Cf. Othello, III. iii. 228. Bosom (sub.), the depository of secrets; II. i. 305; V. i. 7. M.E. bosom; A.S. bosm. Cf. Romeo and Juliet, III. v. 240.

Bound (part.), fated or destined, therefore delayed; IV. iii. 221. Break (verb), (1) when it takes "off" it signifies to interrupt, to stop; II. i. 116; (2) when it takes "with" or "to" its meaning is to make a disclosure to; II. i. 150; (3) when it takes "up" it signifies to dismiss or adjourn; II. ii. 98. M.E. breken, past tense, brak, pp. broken; A.S. brecan, past tense, braec, pp. brocen. Cf. Hamlet, I.

66

i. 40. Bring (verb), conduct, guide; I. iii. I. A S. bringan. Cf. Othello, V. ii. 337 there is also another sense indicated by Schmidt to accompany" when the past part. "brought" is used; III. ii. 276. Brook (verb), endure, suffer; I. ii. 159. A.S. brucan, use, enjoy. Cf. Coriolanus, I. i. 226. Budge (verb), submit; IV. iii. 44. Bustling (part.), stirring, moving hither and thither; II. iv. 18.

Calculate (verb), prophesy coming events; I. iii. 65.

Cancel (verb), annul, destroy; I. iii. 102. Low Lat. cancellare, to destroy

a deed by drawing a line across it. Cf. Macbeth, III. ii. 49. Carrions (sub.), (1) corrupted flesh : III. i. 275; (2) term of contempt for people of no account; II. i. 130. M.E. caroigne, a carcase. Low Lat. caronia, a dead body. Cf. Merry Wives of Windsor, III. iii. 195. Casca (prop. name), one of the murderers of Cæsar; his features are preserved on the following coin struck by Brutus.

in Act I.

He appears only

Cast (verb), to assume a state of mind or feeling; I. iii. 60. Cautelous (adj.), cautious, then false; II. i. 129. From cautus, past part. of cavere, to beware. Cf. Coriolanus, IV. i. 33.

Censure (verb), determine, decide, try; III. ii. 16. Lat. censeo, to give an opinion, Ceremonies (sub.), (1) garlands and drapings of statues at the time of a feast; I. i. 70; (2) any religious service or rite; II. i. 197; (3) divination; II. ii. 13.

Change, used (1) as a trans. verb, "to alter"; I. iii. 66; (2) as an intrans. verb "to be altered"; II. ii. 96; (3) to change colour; III. i. 24. O. F. changier; Low Lat. cambiare, to change. Cf. Othello, I. iii. 388.

Charactery (sub.), writing (Schmidt). Charge (sub.), (1) expense; IV. i.

9; (2) military post or command ;
IV. ii. 48; (3) attack; V. i. 24;
also as a verb, "to burden"; III.
iii. 2.
Chariot (sub.), triumphal car; I. i.
48. O.F. car; Lat. carris,
chariot. Romeo and Juliet, I. iv.
67.
Charm (verb), to compel to obey;
II. i. 271. O.F. charme; Lat.
carmen, a song, then an enchant-

ment.

a

Chase (verb), race; I. ii. 8.
Check (verb), rebuke; IV. iii. 97.
O F. eschec, a check. King Lear,
II. ii. 143.

Chew (verb), to ruminate, to con-

sider seriously; I. ii. 171.
Chide (verb), quarrel; IV. iii. 123.
M.E. cheden; A.S. cidan. Othello,
II. i. 108.
Choice (adj.), select, excellent; III.
i. 163. O.F. choisir, to choose.
Hamlet, III. ii. 274.

Choke (verb), oppress, kill; III. i.

269. M.E. chowken, chiken; A.S.
ceócian, to swallow with difficulty.
Chopped (part.), chapped; I. ii. 245.
Clean (adv.), wholly, completely;
I. iii. 35.

Close (adv.), (1) pent up in one's
self; I. iii. 131; (2) so near as to
be in contact; IV. iii. 164; (3) as
a verb, to come to an agreement;
III. i. 202. M.E. closen; O.F.
clos; Lat. clausus, past part. of
claudere, to shut. Macbeth V. i. 24.
Cobbler (sub.), "a mender of soles

(souls), used punningly; I. i. 11.
O. F. cobler, coubler, to join together.
Cognizance (sub.), that by which
anything is known or remembered;
II. ii. 89; O.F. connoissance; Lat.
cognoscere, to know.
Colossus (sub.), the great brazen

statue erected across the mouth of
the harbour of Rhodes. It bestrode
the entrance, and ships sailed under
it; I. ii. 136. See Note.

Come by (verb), to acquire, obtain
possession; II. i. 259.

Commit (verb), entrust, surrender;
II. i. 235.

Compass (sub.), circle (Schmidt);
V. iii. 25.
Low Lat. compassus, a
circuit. Cf. Merry Wives of
Windsor, V. v. 69.

appearance;

Complexion (sub.), external look or
iii. 128. Lat.
complexio, habit of body. Ham et,
II. ii. 474:

Concave (adj.), hollow; I. i.
52.
Conceit (verb), form an idea, judge;
I. iii. 162. M.E. conceit; O.F.
conceit, past part. of concevoir.
Othello, III. iii. 149.
Condition (sub.), constitution, state
of mind or body; II. i. 236. Cf. 2
Henry IV., III. i. 78.
Confines (sub.), district, territory;
III. i. 272. Lat. confinis, bordering
on. Richard III., IV. iv. 3.
Consort (part.), attend, accompany;
V. i. 83.
Constantly (adv.), resolutely; v.
i. 92.

Lat.

Cf.

Construe (verb), interpret; I. ii.
45; I. iii. 34; II. i. 307.
construere, to build together.
Twelfth Night, III. i. 61.
Contrive (verb), plot or plan mischief,
with its noun contriver, a plotter ;
II. iii. 16; II. i. 158. O.F.
controv.r, to find out.
Controversy (sub.), combat or dis-
pute; I. ii. 109.

Couching (sub.), bowing, lowly
kneelings; III. i. 36.

Counters (sub.), round piece of metal
used in calculations (Schmidt);

IV. iii. 80.

Course (sub.), race, career; I. ii. 4;
also progress; III. ii. 266. Cf.
Henry VIII., III. ii. 398.
Cour esies (sub.) bending the knee,
prostrations. III. i. 36.
Cross lightning (sub.), forked light-

ning; I. iii. 50. Cf. King Lear, IV. vii. 35.

Crouch (verb), cringe; IV. iii. 45.

M.E. crouchen, allied to croken, to bend. From M.E. crok, a crook. Crowd (verb), press; II. iv. 35. Cull (verb), select = choose out from many; I. i. 53.

Cynic (sub.), a follower of Diogenes, a rough and rude person; IV. iii. 133. Lat. cynicus; Gk. KUVIK'S, doglike, from Kúwv, a dog.

Damn (verb), pronounce judgment or condemnation upon; IV. i. 6. Lat. con and damno, to fine, then to condemn. Cf. Antony and Cleopatra, I. ii. 24.

Dearer (adv.), an intensive term, heartily, entirely, used often in an evil sense; III. i. 196. Cf. M.E. dere; A.S. deore, precious. Cf. King Lear, I. i. 57.

Decay (verb), to become weak; IV. ii. 20.

Defence (sub.), readiness for combat ; IV. iii. 202.

Deliver (verb), utter, communicate; III. i. 181; Low Lat. del.berare, to set free. Discomfort (verb), dishearten, make uneasy; V. iii. 106.

Discover (verb), reveal; I. ii. 69. Dishonour (sub.), disgrace, ignominy; IV. iii. 109.

Disrobe (verb), divest of their festal ornaments; I. i. 68.

Distract (part.), beside oneself, distraught; IV. iii. 155.

Domestic (adj.), pertaining to one's own nation; III. i. 263. Doublet (sub.), the inner garment of a man (Schmidt); I. ii. 267. Drachma, an ancient Grecian silver coin, in value about 93d. and a fraction, say nearly 10d.; the name also represents an Attic weight = 66 grs. avoirdupois; III. ii. 247. Drowsily (adv.), sleepily; IV. iii.

240. A.S. drusian, to be sluggish; also dreosan, to mourn.

Dull (adj.), indolent, inert, both physically and mentally; I. iii. 57.

Eagerly (adv.), impetuously; V. iii. 7.

Emulation (sub.), envy, jealous rivalry; II. iii. 14.

Enclose (verb), encompass; V. iii. 8. Encompass (verb), enclose; I. ii. 155.

Encourage (verb), incite, stimulate; IV. iii. 209. Enforce (verb), urge, ply hard; IV. iii. 112; lay stress upon or compel; III. ii. 43. Engraft (verb), inoculate; II. i. 184. Enlarge (verb), relate at length; IV. ii. 46. Enrolled (part.), registered, entered on record; III. ii. 41. Ensign (sub.), banner, standard; V. i. 80. Low Lat. insigna, a standard; Lat. insignis, remarkable. Cymbeline, V. v. 480. (See illustration.) The standard-bearer was also called the ensign; V. iii. 3.