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then returned to England by the way of the Cape of Good Hope. He arrived at Spithead, June 14th, 1744, having been absent nearly four years, and having sailed round the globe; a frequent occurrence in our days, but which, in Anson's time, was thought to be no small achievement.

13. The quantity of money he brought home was so great, that it required thirty-two wagons to convey it to London. This train of vehicles made quite a procession, and was accompanied with music playing and people shouting. A part of the stout ship Centurion is yet in existence. The huge red lion, that once was its head, now adorns a garden in Sussex. Anson received many public honors, and became quite an oracle in naval affairs.

CHAPTER CXCVIII.

T e young Pretender lands in Scotland.—Is victorious at Prestonpans, and marches into England.-Is compelled to retreat.

1. THE possession of Hanover by the crown of Great Britain has been from the beginning a source of evil to the latter country; since it has involved her in all the quarrels between the states of the continent, of which her insular situation would otherwise have made her a mere spectator, or, perhaps, a mediator. The great bodies of troops, and immense sums of money, which were annually sent out of the kingdom, excited the discontent of the people.

2. At length the contests in parliament became so violent, and the murmurs of the people so loud, that the friends of the pretender were induced to believe that his presence in England would produce a general rising of the people in his favor. James himself was of too sluggish a nature to engage personally in the contest; he, therefore, deputed Charles Edward, his oldest son, to be his representative.

3. In June, 1745, this prince embarked, with a few Scotch and Irish gentlemen, in a small frigate. His supply of arms was put on board a French ship, which was so much disabled in an engagement with an English vessel, that it was obliged to put back to France. The prince's vessel was more fortunate, and, on the 16th of July, he landed at Borodale, and was joined by a considerable number of Highlanders.

4. A moment more favorable for this enterprise could not have been chosen. The king was in Hanover; the Duke of Cumberland, with the best part of the troops, was in Flanders; and the ministers

the particulars of Anson's voyage, till he reached Juan Fernandez. Till his arrival at Canton. The remainder of the voyage. 13. What of the remains of his ship? CXCVIII.-1. What of the possession of Hanover by England? 3. When did the young pretender embark for Great Britain? What of his voyage? 4. What rendered

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and parliament were divided, as usual, by vehement political disputes. But Charles could not make the most of these advantages, for want of the arms which were in the French ship, on board of which `a considerable number of French officers had embarked, whose experience would have been of incalculable benefit to him.

5. The news of his arrival threw all England into commotion. But the result was not such as the prince had expected; instead of being joined by the opponents of the measures of the government, the political disputants forgot their animosities, and joined in the common cause against the Jacobites. The king soon returned, and messengers were instantly despatched, and a reward of $150,000 was offered to any one who would seize Charles Edward; Charles, in retaliation, offered the same price for the head of the "Elector of Hanover."

6. Meanwhile, the army of the prince was daily increasing in number, as he advanced into the country. On the 16th of September he took possession of the town of Edinburgh, but could not take the castle, which held out for King George. Sir John Cope, who commanded that king's forces in Scotland, hastened to its relief, and on the 20th of September, encamped at Prestonpans, about nine miles distant. The next morning Charles advanced to meet him, and the half-armed Highlanders attacked the king's troops with so much fury, that the latter could not stand the assault, but fled with the utmost precipitation.

7. By this victory the prince obtained what he wanted most of all, arms, ammunition, and a train of artillery. A considerable portion of Scotland was now in the possession of the Jacobites. The good conduct of Prince Charles greatly increased the popularity of his cause. He showed himself both vigorous in action and prudent in council, and bore his success with moderation. The King of France, seeing that his affairs were prosperous, sent him a supply of arms and officers, and promised that a large body of French should be landed in the south of England.

8. Relying on this promise, Charles passed the borders of Scotland, and advanced as far as Derby, which is within four days' march of London. Indescribable alarm and consternation prevailed in that city. Those who were in London fled into the country, while those in the country fled to London, every person thinking the place he was in the place of danger. The king acted with energy and decision, and prepared to take the field in person.

9. But at the time when the alarm in London had risen to the utmost height, and the approach of the rebels was hourly expected, the threatening storm suddenly dispersed. The Scotch officers, hearing no tidings of the landing of their French allies, began to be afraid that they should be hemmed in by the English troops, which were collecting from all parts; they, therefore, resolved to retreat homewards.

10. This measure was much against the wishes of the prince, who

the time favorable for his attempt? 5. What effect did his arrival produce? 6. What of his success? In what battle was he victorious? 8. What induced him to march into

BATTLE OF FALKIRK.-1746.

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was for pushing on to London, before the consternation had subsided or the preparations for its defence were complete. Reluctantly compelled to submit to the decision of the rest, Prince Charles, disappointed and spiritless, followed in the rear of the army. It is worthy of remark, that, during the six weeks which the Scotch troops had been in England, they committed no kind of outrage or robbery, although they had often suffered greatly from hunger.

CHAPTER CXCIX.

The Pretender is victorious at Falkirk, but is defeated at Culloden.-Horrible Cruelties practised by the Victors.-Romantic Adventures of Prince Charles Edward.

1. CHARLES Soon recovered his spirit when the opportunity for active operations offered itself. On January 13, 1746, he obtained a victory at Falkirk, over a part of the English army. Meanwhile, the Duke of Cumberland, who had returned from the continent, had taken the command of the king's forces, and now advanced to Nairn, which is nine miles distant from Culloden, where the prince was posted.

2. Charles, hearing of the approach of the English army, set out on the night of the 15th of April, with the design of surprising the enemy. He began his march in two columns; but his men, having

England? What of the effect of his progress? 9. Why did he retreat? 10. What of the prince? What of the conduct of the Scotch troops?

CXCIX.-1. In what battle was the prince victorious? In what was he defeated?

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CRUELTIES PRACTISED BY THE VICTORS.

been under arms all the night before, were many of them overpow ered by sleep and weariness. Many fell down from fatigue, and were unable to proceed. It now became absolutely necessary to abandon the intended attack, and to retreat.

3. When they got back to Culloden, the poor wearied soldiers lay down on the bare heath and slept; but they were soon roused from their repose by some of their companions, who had lain down by the way during the retreat, and who, having been awakened by the noise of the English army, which was advancing, had hastened to inform the prince of its approach. The king's troops came in sight about noon, and, in less than half an hour from the first firing, the army of Charles was totally defeated.

4. The dreadful cruelties practised upon the vanquished, by the orders of the Duke of Cumberland, made his name to be execrated throughout Scotland, and have fixed an indelible stain upon his memory. It is said that, in a district of nearly fifty miles round Lochiel, there was, in the course of a few days, neither house nor cottage, neither men nor beasts to be seen-so complete was the ruin, silence and desolation.

5. The jails of England were now filled with prisoners. Many were executed, and many were transported to America. Lords Balmerino, Kilmarnock, and Lovat, and Mr. Radcliffe, who were the principal persons concerned, were carried to London and executed. They were the last persons who suffered the punishment of beheading in England. Mr. Radcliffe was a brother of that Lord Derwentwater, who was out in 1716, as the Jacobites expressed the being concerned in open hostilities to the king.

6. We must now return to the young prince, and give an account of his escape. He remained upon the field at Culloden as long as any hope remained of retrieving the battle, and then rode off, attended by a few friends. The safety of all required that these should part company, and conceal themselves as they best could from the soldiers, who scattered themselves over the country in pursuit of Charles, with an eagerness much increased by the enormous reward offered for his capture.

7. During the next five months the prince wandered among the Highlands, owing his preservation to the fidelity of the poor inhabitants, who concealed him in their huts and caves, at the risk of their own lives. There is an interesting account of a young lady who contrived to assist him. Charles was desirous to go from the Isle of Lewis, where he had been some time concealed, to the Isle of Skye; but it was difficult to get there, on account of the troops who were yet on the watch for him. Miss Flora Macdonald offered to conduct him, if he would put on woman's clothes and pass for her maid. 8. The prince readily agreed, and assumed the name and dress of Betty Bourke, an Irish girl. He embarked with Flora in an open boat, and they landed safely at Skye. After they reached this place, they had some distance to walk; and the prince, who was very tall,

Relate the particulars of that of Culloden. 4. What of the conduct of the victors? & 7, 8. Relate the adventures of the prince from the battle of Culloden till his arrival at

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and looked excessively awkward in woman's clothes, drew the attention of every one who passed, and was every moment in danger of being discovered. At last they arrived at Kingsborough, a house belonging to one of the clan of Macdonalds.

9. Here the prince enjoyed the luxury of lying on a bed, a pleasure which he had not experienced for many weeks; and he slept so soundly that he did not awake till the middle of the following day. They then proceeded to Portree; but before they reached that place the prince changed his dress, and, putting on a Highland plaid and a Scotch bonnet over his wig, was metamorphosed from Betty Bourke into a stout Highlander. Here he parted with his female guide, and was conducted by Malcolm Macloud to his home at Rasay.

10. He was there concealed in a small hut, with a bed of dry heather to lie on; and it was with difficulty that provisions were procured for him. Even this wretched place was not one of safety, so they returned to Skye, and, landing at Strath, took shelter in a cow-house. After remaining at Skye for a short time, they passed over to the mainland. During the time Charles was with Macloud, he passed for a servant of that gentleman, and the better to dis guise himself he tied a handkerchief over his head, put a nightcap over that, and tore the ruffles of his shirt, to make his appearance more shabby.

11. He was afterwards concealed for nearly six weeks in a cave where seven Highlanders had previously taken refuge. While he was there he lived on the venison which these men contrived to kil by night. Being at length obliged to quit this concealment, he and his new associates made their escape into the mountains by walking

Kingsborough. 9. Till he left Skye. 11. Till he leaves Scotland 13. What of his