arrival in a fresh parish, the justices, before the expiration of the forty days, might, upon the complaint of the parish officers, remove him to the parish where he had already a settlement. The execution of this law, on which parishes in their jealousy would naturally insist, stopped the circulation of labour. Thus, while on the one hand the justices settled the local maximum of wages, it was impossible on the other hand for the poor man to remove into any other parish where his labour was more wanted. He was in fact again bound to the soil, and liable, if his parish became over full, to sink into the ranks of the pauper population, who are said to have amounted to one-seventh of the people. This enormou number naturally attracted the attention of thinking men, and many schemes for the purpose of lessening it were proposed. The all tended in one direction. It seemed absurd either to punish for idleness men willing to work when no work was to be found, or to spend large sums yearly in keeping them in idleness. All the schemes were directed to employing the rates to supply work, or in other words, for the establishment of public workshops, in which the poor rates should be employed as the capital for carrying on some manufacture, which it was deemed desirable to promote in the country; a plan which might in some degree answer in a thinly-populated country with undeveloped resources, but obviously impracticable where capital is seeking employment in every lucrative manufacture, and the labour market already overstocked.
We find in the condition of classes here described some explanation of the phenomena of the Revolution. It cannot be truly called a popular movement. Though the whole nation shared largely in it, its direction was chiefly in the hands of courtiers and statesmen of no high principle, to whom liberty meant the diminution of the power of the Crown and the establishment of aristocratic influence. Its strength was derived chiefly from the temporary support of the country gentry and clergy, hurt on their tenderest point-their love for the English Church,-and from the acquiescence of the rising moneyed class, who saw in it an opportunity for the better employment of their capital. The lower classes followed blindly as their local rulers bade them.
If this view appears dark, it must be taken with considerable modifications. The external appearances of the time were worse than the reality. The Puritan feeling was by no means wholly extinct. In all classes, especially among the lower classes, connections and traditions of the great Cause were still kept alive. There were still
many men who honestly loved liberty for liberty's sake, and ardently desired some restoration of purity of life. It is thus only we can explain the success and popularity of such a book as Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, and the distinct efforts at religious revival of which we find traces. Among the young men in London, religious societies were formed, of which there are no less than forty mentioned a few years later. These societies, which were in connection with the Church of England, bound themselves to a thorough performance of the duties enjoined by the Church, established frequent Communion and public prayer in many churches, and devoted themselves to relieving the poor, assisting prisoners, reclaiming the vicious, and to the education of the young. It is nevertheless true that in spite of the great effects which the Revolution produced, we find among its leaders scarcely any men, with the exception of William III. himself, of Lord Somers, and perhaps Halifax, whose character commands our admiration or respect, or who appear to be actuated by an unselfish desire for national advance.
ABBOT, Archbishop of Canterbury, recom-
mends Villiers, 598; refuses to license
Sibthorpe's sermon, 618; imprisoned,
liberated, 622
Acts of Parliament-Annates abolished,
393; of Appeals, 392; Association to
protect Elizabeth legalized, 552; Benefit
of Clergy, limited, 391; Colonial trade,
800; Conventicle, 732, renewed, 740, in
Scotland, 763; Corporation, 727; Dis-
solution of monasteries, 397, 484; Epis-
copal ordination in Scotland, 729; Five
Mile, 732; Habeas Corpus, 753; Images
forbidden in churches, 437; Indemnity
and Oblivion, 724, confirmed, 726, in
Scotland, 729; Large farms forbidden,
573, 628; Law of settlement, 802; Liturgy
altered, 492; Manufactures in villages
forbidden, 485; Mile, in Scotland, 729;
Monopolies abolished, 579; Navigation,
699, 799, 800; Persecuting statutes, 454,
repealed, 493; Poor Law, 573; Poynings'
Law, 362; Privilege of Clergy limited,
389; Rescissory, in Scotland, 728; Root
and Branch, 650; Settlement of pro-
perty, 723, 724, 750; Settlement of Ire-
land, 772, 773; Six Articles, 412; Suc-
cession, 394, 400; Supremacy, 395, 493;
Test, 745, 768; Thirty-nine Articles com-
pulsory on the Clergy, 523; Treason Bills
repealed, 427, 449; Triennial, 651, 733;
Uniformity, 430, its effects, 475, 494,
evaded, 513, enforced in Ireland, 535,
enacted by Charles II., 727; Vagrancy,
Agriculture, increase of pasture-land,
405, 406, 470; enclosures, 430, 471;
effect of the change on the poor, 430,
470; its good result in the end, 473; de-
scribed in the Italian Relation, 484; in-
crease of large farms, 572, 573; general
condition of, 793
Albany, made Regent, 373; retires, 379;
invades Scotland, 379
Albemarle. [See Monk.]
Albert, Archduke, succeeds Parma, 565;
captures Calais, 566
Alençon, proposed marriage with Eliza-
beth, 525; eager for it, 531; imprisoned,
joins the Huguenots, 531; deserts them,
532; becomes Duke of Anjou, supports
Orange, visits England, 583; second
visit to Elizabeth, the match broken
off, 547; the States offered him, dies,
Alfonso a Castro preaches against the
Reformation, 454
Allen, Archbishop of Dublin, murdered,
403
Allen, a Catholic refugee, his schemes, 546
Alva, in command of the Spanish army in
Italy, 459; meets Catherine de Medici,
504; his cruelties as Regent of the
Netherlands, 512; prevents war with
England, 525; makes a treaty with Eliza-
beth, 528; his heavy taxes; recalled, 529
Amboise, Peace of, 502
Amusements, 465, 486, 487
Amy Robsart, murdered, 500
Angus, Douglas, Earl of, marries Margaret,
widow of James IV., 372; comes
England, 373; returns, 379; regent, 379;
exiled, 415
Angus, William, Earl of, assists in the
Raid of Ruthven, 545; exiled, 549
Anjou. [See Alençon and Henry III.]
Annates, threatened abolition of, 392;
abolished, 393
Anne of Brittany, deserted by Henry VII.,
359; marries Charles VIII., 360
Anne Boleyn, her family, 385; marries
Henry VIII., 392; her trial, 399; her
execution, 400
Anne of Cleves, marries Henry VIII., 413;
divorced, 414
Anne Askew, burnt, 419
Anne Hyde, marries James II., 730
Anne, daughter of James II., proposal to
make her successor, 776; under the
influence of the Churchills, 782; joins
William III., 785
Anthony of Bourbon, King of Navarre,
arrested, 500; genealogy of, 501; killed,
502
Antrim, ordered to attack the Scotch,
641; his part in the Rebellion, 654; his
efforts for Charles, 674
Antonio of Crato, his claim to Portugal,
547; assisted by Elizabeth, 563
Aprice, visits the monasteries, 397
Arabella Stuart, her claim to the throne,
576; the Main Plot in her favour, 586;
marries Seymour, 596; imprisonment
and death, 597
Archdukes, 589
Aremberg, ambassador to England, 585
Argyle, Earl of, signs the Bond of Craig-
millar, 507; tries to prevent Mary's
marriage with Bothwell, 510
Argyle, Earl of, Montrose jealous of, 652;
plots against him, 653; defeats Mon-
trose, 674; beaten by Montrose, 675; his
revenge on Montrose, 694; head of
Presbyterian party, 696; head of the
Covenanters, 728; executed, 729
Argyle, Earl of, refugee in Holland, 764;
his expedition and death, 765
Arlington, member of the Cabal ministry,
739; a Catholic, signs the Treaty of
Dover, 742; retires, 745
Armada, prepared, 559; starts, 560; de-
feated, 561, 562; effects of its destruc-
tion, 563, 564
Arminianism, prevalence of, 612; sermons
of, 618; used by the Jesuits, 626;
opposed in Parliament, 627; becomes
the Court religion, 630
Army, change in the character of, 464,
465; beginning of a standing army,
465; introduction of firearms, 465;
condition of the army in 1640, 643;
armies collected by the Ordinance of
Militia and Commission of Array, 659,
660; the remodelled army, 673, 675;
its power, 681-684; quarrels with the
Rump, 718, 719; disbanded, 726;
Charles II. desires a standing army, 741,
748; James II. desires a standing army,
769; camp at Hounslow, 772, 779;
James incorporates Irish with his Eng-
lish regiments, 781; treason of his army,
784, 785; the militia in the hands of
the country gentlemen, 801
Army Plot discovered, 650, 651
Arnold, a Leveller, executed, 689
Arran. [See Stuart.]
Arran, Earl of, Regent, 416; overthrown
by Beaton, 417; restored, 425; resigns,
495; made Duke of Chatelherault, 495.
[Died 1575.]
Arran, son of the Duke, proposal to marry
Elizabeth, his character, 500; loses his
title, 550
Arthur, son of Henry VII., marries Cathe-
rine of Aragon, dies, 364
Articles, the Ten, published, 398; dislike
to them, 404; the Six, published, 412; re-
pealed, 427; their restoration demanded,
432; the Thirty-nine, made stringent on
the Clergy, 523; penalty for attacking,
Arundel. [See Howard.]
Arundel, Sir Humphrey, leader of the
Western rebellion, 432
Arundel, Sir Thomas, friend of Somerset,
sent to the Tower, 440
Arundel (Fitz Alan), 18th Earl of, joins
Mary, 445; arrests Northumberland,
446; assists Norfolk, 517; arrested, 524
Arundel, Henry (descended from Sir
Thomas), signs Treaty of Dover, 742
Ascham, Roger, his character and works,
477
Ascham, Anthony, murdered, 698
Ashburnham, Charles's flight with, 679
Ashley. [See Shaftesbury.]
Aske, Robert, leader of the Lincolnshire
rebels, 406; general of the Yorkshire
rebellion, 407; his patriotism, he sub-
mits, 407; his character and execution,
408
Association, The, formed, 659, 662; troops
of, 668, 676
Association Bond, signed, 552
Astley, Royalist general, defeated, 768
Aston, involved in the Dudley conspiracy,
Athole, Lord, tries to prevent Mary's
marriage with Bothwell, 510
BABINGTON, Anthony, his conspiracy,
executed, 555
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, Chancellor, 492;
moderator of religious discussion, 493
Bacon, Francis (son of Sir Nicholas), his
writings, 575, 791; Chancellor, impeach-
ed, 603; guilty of receiving bribes, 604
Bagnal, defeated in Ireland, 577
Baillie, beaten by Montrose, 675
Balance of power, desired by Henry VIII.,
Balfour, Lord, signs the Bond of Craig-
millar, 507
Balfour, Sir John, quoted, 636
Ballard, the Jesuit, instigates the Babing-
ton conspiracy, 555
Barebone, Parliament named after, 704
Barnevelt, death of, 607
Bastwick, punishment of, 631
Bath, Lord, joins Mary, 445
Battles-Alderne, 675; Alford, 675; An-
crum Moor, 418; Arques, 565; Ather-
ton Moor, 662; Benburb, 680; Both-
well Bridge, 755; Carberry Hill, 511;
Chalgrove Field, 662; Clontarf, 691;
Copredy Bridge, 669; Courtras, 558;
Corbiesdale, 693; The Downs, 701,
735; Dreux, 502; Drumclog, 755; Dun-
bar, 695; Dungan Hill, 691; Edgehill,
660; Flodden, 371, 372; Gemblours,
533; Gravelines, 461; Halidon Rig,
416; Ivry, 565; Jarnac, 521; Jemmin-
gen, 512; Kilsyth, 675; Langport, 676;
Langside, 512; Lutter, 611; Maidstone,
686; Marignano, 374; Marston Moor,
668; Montcontour, 521; Mousehold
Hill, 433; Muhlberg, 425, 438; Nant-
wich, 668; Naseby, 676; Newburn,
643; Newbury, 664, 670; North Fore-
land, 701; Pavia, 380; Philiphaugh, 677 ;
Philip's Norton, 766; Pinkie, 425, 426;
Preston, 686; Rathmines, 692; Ravenna,
869; Romagnano, 380; Rowton Heath,
677; Sampford Courtenay, 433; St.
Mary's Clyst, 433; St. Quentin, 459;
Sedgmoor, 767; Solway Moss, 416;
Southwold Bay, 744; Spurs, 370; Stow-
on-the-Wold, 678; Stretton, 663; Tip-
permuir, 674; Torrington, 677; Winceby
Fight, 663; Worcester, 697; Zutphen, 554
Baxter, persecuted by Jeffreys, 763
Beaton, Bishop of St. Andrews, his influ-
ence over James V., 415; aims at the
regency, imprisoned, 416; overcomes
Arran, 417; plot against him, 417;
assassinated, 419
Beauchamp, Lord, his claim to the throne,
576
Bedloe, reveals the Popish Plot, 751
Bellasyse, joins Rochester's party, 770;
head of the Treasury, 774
Berkley, Judge, imprisoned, 650
Berwick, Duke of, proposal to make him
James II.'s successor, 776; Lord-Lieu-
tenant of Hampshire, 776; accompanies
James on his flight, 787
Bible, its authority supersedes the Pope's,
398; churches supplied with, 410;
Coverdale and Tyndale's translations,
410; read by the lower classes, 411;
Authorized Version prepared, 587
Blake, on the Tagus, 698; his victories
over the Dutch, 701; watching for the
Plate fleet, 708; captures it, 709; cap-
tures a second fleet, 711; his body re-
moved from Westminster Abbey, 723
Bonner, Bishop of London, imprisoned,
437; member of Mary's council, 446;
on her Church commission, 447; assists
Gardiner in persecution, 454
Bothwell, at Rizzio's death, 506; in love
with Mary, signs the Bond of Craig-
millar, 507; murders Darnley, 508;
acquitted, 509; marries Mary, 510;
defeated, escapes, 511
Boulogne, given up to the French, 435
Boyer, Mayor of Bodmin, leader of the
Western insurgents, 432
Bradshaw, pronounces sentence against
Charles, 687; his body hanged at
Tyburn, 723
Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, mar-
ries Princess Mary, 373; commands the
army in France, 379; his claim to the
succession, 382; suppressing a riot
against Wolsey's taxation, 387; sup-
presses the Lincolnshire rebellion, 406
Brereton, besieges Chester, 677
Bridgman, Sir Orlando, attempts a mea-
sure of toleration, 740
Bristol. [See Digby.]
Brittany, united to France, 360
Brook, opposes Charles, 641
Brooke, joins the Bye Plot, 586
Buckingham, Duke of, his dress, 466
Buckingham. [See Villiers.]
Burghley. [See Cecil.]
Burgundy, supports Warbeck, 360; com-
mercial treaty with, 360
Burgundy, Philip, Duke of. [See Philip.]
Burkes, in Galway, 402; their insurrection,
540, 541; vanquished, 543
Burnet, quoted, 728, 741; translates Wil-
liam's Declaration, 783
Burton's Leicestershire, quoted, 470, 471
Burton, punishment of, 631
Butler. [See Ormond.]
Byron, Royalist general, 667
CABAL ministry, 739
Calais, defences neglected, 459; loss of,
460; effect of the loss on the nation,
461; treaty as to its restoration, 494;
proposal to restore it, 501
Campion, a Jesuit, sent to England, 546
Canons, new body of, 589
Capel, Arthur, Charles intrigues with,
684; defeated, 686; executed, 689
Capel, Earl of Essex (son of Arthur), his
character, 753; objects to extreme
measures, 758; accused of complicity
in the Rye-House Plot, commits suicide,
759
Carew, Sir Peter, attempts to suppress
the Western rebellion, 432; joins Mary,
445; rebels against her, 449; escapes to
France, 450; colonizes Munster, 537
Carr, James I.'s favourite, made Earl of
Rochester and Somerset, 597; his mar-
riage and disgrace, 598
Cartwright, his works, 568; organizes the
Puritans, 570
Casimir, threatens to join the Huguenots,
Castlehaven, leader in Ireland, 654
Castlemaine, Lady, a Catholic, 731; favours
Buckingham, 738
Cateau-Cambrésis, Treaty of, 495
Catesby, implicated in Essex's treason,
578; author of the Gunpowder Plot,
589; killed, 591
Catherine of Aragon, marries Prince
Arthur, 364; marries Henry VIII., 367;
reasons for her divorce, 382; retires,
392; divorced, her courage, a centre of
Catholic reaction, 393; corresponds
with the Nun of Kent, 394; dies, 398
Catherine of Braganza, marries Charles
II., 734; accused of complicity in the
Popish Plot, 752
Catherine Grey, betrothed to Lord Her-
bert, 441
Catherine Howard, marries Henry VIII.,
414; executed, 415
Catherine Parr, marries Henry VIII.,
415; marries Lord Seymour, 429; dies,
Catherine de Medici, her behaviour to
Mary, 499; regent, her views, 501, 502;
meets Alva, 504; favours the Hugue-
nots, 521; dislikes both extremes, 525;
plans the massacre, 527; urges Eliza-
beth's marriage with Alençon, 530
Catholic faith, the Holy League, 368;
effect of the great schism, 383; sale
of indulgences, 383; Wolsey's desire to
preserve, 384; complaints against, in
Parliament, 389, 391; in Convocation,
390; Catholic reaction, 393, 394; perse-
cuted, 395, 396; suppression of the
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