monasteries [see Monasteries]; its hold
in the North, 404; its doctrines sup-
ported by Henry VIII., 411; persecu-
tion under the Six Articles, 412, 419;
its hold on the people, 429; its restora-
tion demanded by the Western insur-
gents, 432; Catholic Bishops impri-
soned, 437; favoured by the nobility,
442; Catholics gather round Mary,
445; Mary desires to restore it, 446;
the Mass restored, 447; Gardiner fails
to pass his Bills for persecuting
heretics, 452; public reconciliation
with Rome, 453; persecution authorized,
454; Mary's persecutions, 454-458;
superstitions, 478, 479; the Catholics
look to France for support on Elizabeth's
accession, 490; two Catholic champions
imprisoned, 493; laws against, 500;
Darnley the representative of, 503;
support Mary, 505: expect help from
Spain, 516, 517; the Northern rebel-
lion, 518; effect of the Bull on their
plans, 520; the Ridolfi Plot, 522-524;
rejoice at the Massacre of St. Bartho-
lomew, 527; petition Philip to make
war against England, 528; the Jesuit
schemes, 534; expect aid from Philip,
538;

their efforts in Ireland crushed,
543; their schemes in Scotland, 544,
515; thwarted, 546; their schemes in
England, 546; persecuted, 547; Jesuits
executed, 549; their political views,
549; favour assassination, 550; their
plots discovered, 555; support the
claims of the Infanta, 576, 577; attack
the Parliament, 584; join in the Bye
Plot, 586; persecuted, 588; the Gun-
powder Plot, 589, 590; persecuted, 591,
592; petition for severe laws against,
612, 614; fined, 617; revival of, 618,
619; Jesuit society discovered, 626;
opposition to in Parliament, 627; plan
to restore, 631; in Ireland, 634-636,
654, 667; favour of Charles II. for,
731, 741, 744, 760; the Popish Plot, 750,
751; favour of James II. for, 764, 769,
770, 771, 774, 775; hostility of the people
to, 792

Cavalier, the word first used, 657
Cavendish, Earl of Devonshire, opposes
James II., 769; signs the invitation to
William, 779; organizes an insurrection
in the North, 784

Cecil, 476; made Secretary, 488; his char.
acter, 488, 490; his policy, 489; his
Protestantism, 489, 490, 500; Treasurer,
490; his skill, 492; thwarts Dudley's
influence, 500; upholds Condé, 501;
desires war with Spain, 516; discovers
the Ridolfi Plot, 523, 524; his scheme
for colonizing Munster, 536, 537; be-
comes Lord Burghley, remonstrates
with Henry IV., 566; dies, 575
Cecil, Robert, his education, 571; his
rivalry with Essex, 571, 572, 575; am-
bassador to France, succeeds his father,

572; negotiates with James I., 577; de-
sires French and Protestant alliance,
585; rids himself of his enemies, 586;
discovers the Gunpowder Plot, 590; his
financial schemes, 593; dies, 595
Cecil, Sir Edward (grandson of Burghley),
commander of the expedition to Cadiz,

614

Chambers, refuses to pay tonnage and
poundage, 626

Charles I., the Spanish match proposed
for him, 599; visits Spain, 605; French
match proposed, 606; his character,
609; reason for his marriage, 611; pro-
tects Dr. Montague, 613; his effort for
popularity, 614; his speeches to Parlia-
ment, 615; irritates the House of Lords,
616; defends Buckingham, 617; tries
to do without Parliament, 618; his
religion, 619; breaks with France, 620;
dismisses the Queen's household, 621
his speech in Parliament, 622; his reply
to the Petition of Right, 623; his
speech, 624; his arbitrary rule, 627;
his financial schemes, 628, 629; his ad-
visers, 630; visits Scotland, 637; de-
ceives the Covenanters, 639; determines
on war, 640; conducts the Treaty of
Berwick, 641; calls the Short Parlia-
ment, 642; calls a Council of Peers,
644; at Strafford's trial, 646; assents to
his death, 649; his part in the Army
Plot, 651; his motives, 651; his speech,
652; visits Scotland, 653; his part in
the Irish rebellion, 655; loyal recep-
tion, 655; refuses the Commons a
guard, attempts to arrest the five mem-
bers, 657; sends the Queen abroad, 658;
raises his standard, 659; at Edgehill,
660; at Oxford, 661; besieges Glouces-
ter, 664; his resources, 665; makes
a truce with the Irish rebels, 667; at
Copredy Bridge, 669; at Newbury, 670;
at Uxbridge, 673; intrigues with Ire-
land, 674, 676, 680; at Naseby, 676;
at Rowton Heath, 677; escapes from
Oxford, 678; intrigues with the Scotch,
679; taken by Cornet Joyce, 682; re-
fuses the offered terms, 684; escapes
from Hampton Court, 684; intrigues
from the Isle of Wight, 685; taken to
London, 686; executed, 687

Charles II., rejects the proposals of the
Scotch, 691; intends to go to Ireland,
692; accepts the Covenant, 693; dis-
owns Montrose, goes to Scotland, 694;
escapes to the Royalists, returns to the
Covenanters, 696; is crowned, defeated
at Worcester, 697; escapes to France,
698; proclaimed King by Royalist plot-
ters, 707; executes Manning, 707; at-
tempts an invasion, 709; assisted by
Spain, 712; issues the Declaration of
Breda, 720; returns to England, 721;
his vengeance on the republicans, 723,
727; his character, 731; receives bribes
from Louis XIV., 736, 742, 747-749;

tepravity of his Court, 737; his presence
of mind during the Fire of London, 738;
his real designs, 741, 742; insults Coven-
try, 743; his declaration of indulgence,
744; Louis' contempt for, 748; his love
for Monmouth, 754; opposes the Exclu-
sion Bill, offers a compromise, 757; his
vengeance, confiscates the charters, 758;
dies a Catholic, 760; his arguments
against Protestantism, 769
Charles II of Spain, his ill health, 742
Charles V., proposed marriage with Mary,
daughter of Henry VII., 365; made
Emperor, 377; alliance with Henry
VIII., 378; proposed marriage with
Mary, daughter of Henry VIII., 378;
declines Henry's scheme for the inva-
sion of France, 381; corresponds with
the Nun of Kent, 394; espouses the
cause of Catherine of Aragon, 395; and
of Catholicism, 401; intrigues with the
Irish insurgents, 103; chance of his
reconciliation with Henry, 404; dis-
covers Cromwell's scheme, and becomes
more hostile, 413; quarrels with the
Pope, and makes alliance with Henry,
417; invades France, 418; makes peace
with France, 418; calls the Council of
Trent, 438; defeats the Protestants at
Muhlberg, 438; espouses Mary's cause,
439; his discomfiture, 439; desires the
alliance of England, 446; suggests
Mary's marriage with Philip, 448;
allows Pole's return, 453; abdicates,
455; dies, 461

Charles VIII. of France, supports War-
beck, 359; marries Anne cf Brittany,
360; makes a treaty with Henry VII.,
360; invades Naples, 364

Charles IX., crowned, 501; dies, 530
Charles X., genealogy of, 501; crowned,

564

Charles, Archduke, son of Ferdinand I.,

proposed marriage with Elizabeth, 513
Charterhouse, monastery of, dissolved,
395, 483; mismanagement of, 482
Charters of the towns confiscated, 758;
restored, 783

Chatillons, enmity of the Guises to, 501;
hated by Catherine, 526

Christ Church College, founded, 476
Christ Church Hospital, founded, 478
Christian of Brunswick, General of Fre-
derick V., 610

Christian IV., defeated at Lutter, 611
Church, its position after the Wars of the
Roses, 357, 376; loss of royal support,
389; unpopularity of, 390; Henry VIII.
made head of, 390, 395; reforms carried
in Parliament, 391; becomes national,
392; Act of Appeals carried, 393; change
in its position, 397, 474, 475; Mary
head of, 449; loses the hold it had ob-
tained by superstition, 478; legislation
with regard to, in Elizabeth's reign,
492, 493, 513, 567-569, 570; Church
of England established in Ireland, 535,

536; legislation with regard to, in
James I.'s reign, 587, 589; in Scotland,
606, 607, 637, 638, 728, 729; in Charles
I.'s reign, 650; condition of, 618, 619,
630, 732, 801, 804; Presbyterianism
established, 666, 680; Cromwell's
Church management, 705, 707; legis-
lation concerning, in Charles II.'s reign,
724, 725, 727, 745; in James II.'s reign,
771, 775, 777

Churchill (Duke of Marlborough), com-
mander of the army, 766; at Sedgmoor,
767; offers help to William, 782; his
treason to James, 784, 785; ordered to
restore the army to discipline, 787
Clancarty, Earl of, his insurrection, 537
Clarendon. [See Hyde.]

Clark, Judge, his views, 593

Claverhouse, defeated, 755; persecutes
the Covenanters, 764

Clifford, member of the Cabal ministry,
739; a Catholic, signs the Treaty of
Dover, 742; retires, 745

Clinton, at the battle of Gravelines, 461
Clubmen, 677

Cobham, concerned in the Main Plot,
585; apprehended, pardoned, 586
Cobler, leader of the Lincolnshire rebel-
lion, 406

Coffee-houses closed, 747

Coinage, depreciation of, 436; reformed,
437, 472; effect of American silver on,
472; proposal to debase, 643

Coke, Sir Edward, Attorney-General, his
speech on the Main and Bye Plots, 586;
attacks monopolies, 603; imprisoned,
604; pricked for sheriff, 615; asserts
Parliamentary privilege, 622; attacks
Buckingham, 623

Coleman, his letter concerning the Popish
Plot, 750, 751

Colepepper, takes office under Charles,

655

Colet, his school, his opinion of relics,

478

Coligny, commanding at St. Quentin, 459;
plots against, 501; in favour, 525, 526;
reconciled with Guise, 526; murdered,

527

Colonies, founded, 572; how regarded, 800
Colonization of Ulster, 632

Columbus, effects of his discoveries, 469
Company, foundation of the Turkey and
East India Companies, 572, 797, 798
Compton, Bishop of London, opposes
James II., 769; suspended, 771; signs
the invitation to William, 779; restored,
783

Condé, genealogy of, arrested, Cecil up-
holds, 501; applies to Elizabeth, taken
prisoner, signs the Peace of Amboise,
502; head of the Huguenots, 516;
threatens to march on Paris, 531; per-
secuted by the Guises, 532
Congregation, the Lords of, sign the Cove-
nant, 496; take up arms, 497; establish
Protestantism, 497

Conway, Lord, beaten by the Scotch, 643
Corbett, demands writ of Habeas Corpus,
619

Cornbury, his treason, 784

Cornwall, rebellions in, 361, 409, 432
Cornwallis, brings Princess Elizabeth to
London, 452

Council of Peers called, 644

Council of Trent, 438; Cardinal Pole at,

448

Council of the North reorganized, 632;
abolished, 650

Court of High Commission, established,
569; severity of, 631; abolished, 650; re-
established, 771; its aggressions, 775,
780; abolished, 783

Court of the Star Chamber established,
356; its objects, 359; its power, 368;
condemns the Millenary Petition, 587;
supports the High Commission Court,
631; its authority, 632; abolished, 650
Court of Record, explained, 588
Court of Requests, abolished, 430
Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter, his claim

to the throne, 382; genealogy of, 409;
executed, 410

Courtenay, Edward, genealogy of, 409;
proposed marriage with Elizabeth, 449;
escapes, 451

Covenant, the First, issued, 496; renewed,
639; taken by Parliament, 663; re-
laxed, 673; forced on Charles I., 679;
forced on Charles II., 691, 694;
Charles II. orders its abjuration, 729;
Covenanters persecuted, 737, 754, 755,
764

Coventry, Lord Keeper, supports Charles,

622

Coventry, Sir John (grandson of the Lord
Keeper), insulted, 743

Coverdale, his translation of the Bible,
410

Craigmillar, Bond of, 507

Cranmer, gains the favour of Henry VIII.,
390; Archbishop, 392; pleads for More
and Fisher, 395; examines Anne Boleyn,
400; publishes the Book of Homilies,
424; urges prudence to Somerset, 434;
imprisoned, 447; his trial, 455, 456;
his death, 457

Crawford, supports Manchester, 671
Crofts, Sir James, takes arms against
Mary, 449

Cromwell, Thomas, his rise, 388; causes
discontent by his reform, 393; arrests
the Nun of Kent, 394; suppresses the
lesser monasteries, 396, 397; disliked by
the nobility, 405; arranges the marriage
with Anne of Cleves, 412; his alliance
with Germany fails, 413; his fall and
execution, 414; instructions for his
son's education, 477; his reason for
destroying the monasteries, 480
Cromwell, Oliver, at Edgehill, 660; his
energy, 662, 663; at Marston Moor, 668,
669; at Newbury, 670; his views, 670;
his quarrel with Manchester, 671; pro-

poses the Self-denying Ordinance, 672;
in the Western army, 675; at Naseby,
676; suppresses the Clubmen, 677;
inquires into the army grievances, 682;
sympathy with the troops, 684; warns
Charles, 684; efforts at union, 685; in
Wales, 686; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,
689; suppresses the Levellers, 690;
goes to Ireland, 691; takes Drogheda,
692; conquers the South, returns to
England, 693; goes to Scotland, 694;
wins the battle of Dunbar, 695; takes
Edinburgh, favours the Protesters,
696; wins the battle of Worcester, 697;
rules Scotland well, 698; desires a
settlement, 699; his monarchical views,
his foreign politics, 700; upholds the
Navigation Act, 701; sympathy with
the army, 702; expels the Long Parlia-
ment, calls the Little Parliament, 703;
made Protector, 704; plots against him,
705; his speech to the Reformed Parlia-
ment, 706; his major-generals, 707;
his foreign policy, 708; plots against
him, 709; refuses the title of King, 710,
711; his last Parliament, 712; his
vigorous rule, 713; his death, 714; his
body hanged at Tyburn, 723
Cromwell, Richard, his supposed nomina-
tion, 714; his character, 716; submits
to the army, 717; retires, 718
Cromwell, Henry, acknowledges the
Rump, 718

Customs, described (note), 613; increased,
614; granted to Charles II., 726; col-
lected by James II. without leave of
Parliament, 762

DACRE, Lord, imposes upon Albany, 879
Danby, Lord Treasurer, 745; his views,
746; retains office by bribery, 747;
connives at Louis XIV.'s intrigues, 748;
urges Charles to assemble the army,
draws up the Secret Treaty, 749; im-
peached, 750; his connection with the
Popish Plot, 751; imprisoned, 752;
supports the Church, 768; signs the
invitation to William III., 779; orga-
nizes an insurrection, 784; declares
Mary Queen, 788, 789

Dangerfield, reveals the Popish Plot,
751; his cruel punishment, 763
Darcy, leader of the Northern rebellion,
407; executed, 408

Darnell, demands a writ of Habeas Cor-
pus, 619

Darnley, engaged to Mary, 503; married,
504; his character, quarrels with Mary,
his bond with the Protestants, 505;
murders Rizzio, 506; refuses to be pre-
sent at his son's christening, 507; his
murder, 508

Dartmouth, commander of James II.'s
fleet, 784; refuses to take the Queen
and Prince to France, 785

Davison, gets the warrant for Mary's
death signed, 557; dismissed, 558

Day, Bishop of Chichester, on Mary's
Church Commission, 447
Deane, defeats the Dutch, 701
Declaration of Breda, 720, 722, 729
Declaration of Indulgence, 774; petition
against, 777

Declaration of William III., 783
Denby, Parliamentary General, 672
Derby, Lord, joins Mary, 445

De Ruyter, his battles with Blake, 701;
in the Downs, 735; at Southwold
Bay, 744; insulted by the Dutch mob,
744

Desborough, his expedition to the West
Indies, 708; leader of the Army opposi-
tion, 717

Desmond, Earl of, his position, 402;
intrigues with France and Spain, 403
Desmond, Earl of, submits to Elizabeth,
537; released, apprehended, escapes,
regains power, 539; fears to rebel, 542;
killed, 543

Devereux, Walter, first Earl of Essex,
attempts to colonize Ulster, 538; Gover-
nor of Ulster, 540

Devereux, Robert (son of Walter), second
Earl of Essex, his expeditions to Cadiz,
563, 571; his rivalry with Cecil, 571,
575; his quarrel with Elizabeth, 572,
576; his advice to James, 577; Deputy
of Ireland, 577; his treason, 578;
death, 579

Devereux, Robert (son of Robert), third
Earl of Essex, Lord General, 657; com-
mander-in-chief, 659; at Edgehill, 660;
defends London, 661; inactive, 662;
relieves Gloucester, at Newbury, 664;
defeated, 669; his ill health, 670;
excluded by the Self-denying Ordi-
nance, 672; resigns, dies, 673
Devolution, Law of, 734
Devonshire. [See Cavendish.]
De Witt, attacks the Spanish fleet, 642;
head of the Republican party, 701, 734;
negotiates with Louis XIV., 735; his
victory in the Downs, 735; his revenge
for the destruction of Brandaris, 736;
negotiates the Triple Alliance, 740;
killed, 744

Diet at Augsburg, 438

Digby, joins the Gunpowder Plot, 590;
imprisoned, executed, 591

Digby, John, Earl of Bristol, sent to
Spain, 604; quarrels with Buckingham,
605; his opposition to Buckingham,
612; charges against him, 616; im-
prisoned, liberated, 622

Digby, George (son of the Earl of Bristol),
supports Strafford, becomes Royalist,
648; Charles's adviser, 656; his letter to
Ormond, 676; Charles's letter to him,
678; a Catholic, 731; impeaches Claren-
don, 732

Divorce, between Henry VIII.

and

Catherine, reasons for, 382; referred to
the Universities, 390; brought before
Parliament, 391; completed, 393

Don Carlos, proposal of marriage to Mary,
503

Dorislaus, murdered, 691, 698
Dorset. [See Grey.]

Drake, Sir Francis, his expeditions against
Spain, 534, 554, 559; his ships paid off,
559; privateers crowd to him, 560; he
attacks the Armada, 561; his expedition
against Spain, 563; circumnavigates
the world, 572

Drogheda, seige of, 692

Drury, Sir William, takes Edinburgh
Castle, 528; President in Munster, 540;
retires, 542

Drury, Sir Drew, his part in Mary's
death, 557

Dudley, Edmund, his extortions, 365;
executed, 367

Dudley, Andrew (son of the extortioner),
marches against Mary, 445; convicted
of treason, 447

Dudley (son of the extortioner), member
of Edward VI.'s Council, made Earl of
Warwick, 423; subdues the Eastern
rebellion, 433; overthrows Somerset,
434; his want of principle, 435; coins
bad money, 436; plot against; made
Duke of Northumberland, 440; hated,
441;
his ambitious schemes, 441,
442; opposition of the nation, 443;
keeps Edward VI.'s death secret, 444;
intends to crown his son, 445; arrested,
446; his connection with France, 446;
his contemptible conduct, 447; his exe-
cution, 448; effect of his recklessness,
489

Dudley, John (second son of Northum-
berland), fails to capture Mary, 445
Dudley, Ambrose, Earl of Warwick (third
son of Northumberland), surrenders
Havre, 502

Dudley, Lord Guildford (fourth son of
Northumberland), marries Lady Jane
Grey, 441; proposal to crown him, 445;
Renard urges his death, 447; executed,

451

Dudley, Robert (fifth son of Northumber-
land), favourite of Elizabeth, murders
his wife, 500; proposed as a husband
for Mary, made Earl of Leicester, 503;
commander of the army in the Nether-
lands, 553; Governor of the States,
554; returns, 554; General-in-chief,
dies, 562

Dudley, Sir Harry (cousin of Northum-
berland), his conspiracy against Mary,
457
Dunkirk, attacked, 711; captured, 713;
sold to the French, 733, 734

EDICT OF NANTES, issued, 565, 575; re-
voked, 768, 781

Education. [See Learning.]

Edward, Earl of Warwick, imprisoned,
358; executed, 362

Edward VI. born, 408; hurried to Wind-
sor, 434; the Council appeal to him,

Elizabeth, born, 394; declared illegiti-
mate, 400: Seymour her guardian, 429;
he proposes to marry her, 429; passed
over in Edward VI.'s will, 441; Renard
urges her execution, 447, 451; Mary
will not acknowledge her, 449; pro-
posed marriage with Courtenay, 449; her
life in danger, 451; called to London,
sent to the Tower, retires to Woodstock,
452; proposed marriage with Philibert
of Savoy, 454, 455; Philip friendly with
her, 489; the representative of progress,
457; worshipped by the young men,
458; Ascham her tutor, 477; proclaimed
Queen, her speech to Cecil, 488; her
policy, proposed marriage with Philip,
489; her character, 490, 491; rejects
Philip, 492; Parliament begs her to
marry, 493; hates Knox, 497; refuses
Arran, 498, 500; refuses Mary a passage
through England, 499; loves Dudley,
500, 503, 562; assists Condé, 502; offers
Dudley to Mary, 503; repudiates Mur-
ray, 505; godmother to James I., 507;
desires the postponement of Bothwell's
trial, 509; her difficulties, 512; her
religious views, 513; refuses Archduke
Charles, 513; her behaviour to Mary,
514, 515; her share in the privateers'
prizes, 516; refuses leave for Norfolk
to marry Mary, 518; her political
views, 519, 529; excommunicated, 520;
marriage with Anjou suggested, 521
interferes with her Parliament, 523;
rejects Anjou, 523; plot to murder her,
523; her momentary energy, 524; mar-
riage with Alençon suggested, 525; her
duplicity to the States, 526; her energy
after St. Bartholomew, 527; her con-
duct to the Netherlands, 529, 531, 532;
receives Alençon, 533; enforces Pro-
testantism in Ireland, 535; her parsi-
mony there, 537, 538, 540, 542, nego-
tiates with Mary and James, 545, 550;
appeals to her people, 547; dismisses
the Spanish ambassador, 549; intrigues
with the Netherlands, 552, 553; with
Spain, 554; her hesitation as to Mary's
death, 556; signs the warrant, 557; her
anger against Davison, 558; her parsi-
mony to her navy, 559, 562; assists
Henry IV., 565, 566; her conduct to her

;

Parliament, 566, 567; to the Church,
567-569; her favourites, 570; her
conduct to Essex, 571, 572, 576, 578;
her last speech, 579; her sympathy
with the people, 580, 584; contrast
between her position and that of the
Hanoverians, 581, 582

Elliot, Sir John, speaks against Bucking-
ham, imprisoned, 617; speaks on the
Petition of Right, 623; attacks Armini-
anism, 626; imprisoned, 627

Empire, Maximilian proposes to resign it
in favour of Henry VIII., 374; contest
for, 377

Empson, agent of Henry VII., 365; exe-
cuted, 367

Englefield, favourite of Mary, 458
Erasmus, visits Sir Thomas More, 477;
his opinion of relics, 478

Essex. [See Devereux and Capel.]
Ewer, takes charge of Charles I., 686
Exeter. [See Courtenay.]

FAGEL, draws up William III.'s Declara-
tion, 783

Fairfax, Lord, in Yorkshire, 661; at
Atherton Moor, 662; his successes,
663; at Marston Moor, 668

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, in Yorkshire, 661,
662; joins the Eastern army, 663; de-
feats the Irish, besieges Latham House,
at Marston Moor, 668; Commander-in-
chief, 673; fights against Goring, 675;
at Naseby, 676; raises the siege of
Taunton, 676; takes Bristol, defeats
Hopton, 677; besieges Oxford, 678;
follows the Scotch army, 680; presents
a petition from the army, 681; holds a
meeting of agitators, 682; triumphant,
683; defeats Capel, 686; suppresses the
Levellers, 690; refuses the command of
the Scotch army, 694

Falkland, Henry Cary, Deputy of Ireland,
633; retires, 634

Falkland, Lucius, son of Henry, takes
office, 655; killed, 664

Fawkes, joins Gunpowder Plot, 589; goes
abroad, 590; returns, arrested, 591
Felton, Governor in Connaught, 538
Ferdinand II. of Spain, his intrigues, 362;
his policy, 364; his object in joining
the Holy League, 369; gains his object,
372; dies, 377

Ferdinand of Gratz (son of Archduke
Charles), champion of Catholicism, 601;
King of Bohemia, 602; Emperor, 602;
gives the Palatinate to Bavaria, 610
Feversham, commander of the army, 766;
his conduct at Sedgmoor, 767; his
reception in London, 768; only nomi-
nal commander, 782; assembles the
army, 784
Fiennes, Parliamentary commander, 663
Finch, Solicitor-General, deposed, 771;
counsel to the seven Bishops, 778
Finch, Speaker, 623; held in his chair,
627; Chief Justice, 629; his opinion on