the Self-denying Ordinance, 672; on the Committee, 673
Mansfield, raises troops in England, 606
takes service with the Dutch, 610 Manufactures of England, description of,
Manwaring, his sermon, 618; rewarded, 626
Mar, Earl of, refuses to give up Prince James, 510; tries to prevent the Both- well marriage, 510; Regent, 524; his prudence, 527; dies, 528
Mar, Earl of, assists in the Raid of Ruth- ven, 546
Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., marries James IV., 363; Regent, mar- ries Angus, 372; comes to England, 373;* returns to Scotland, 379; her bad in- fluence over James V., 415
Margaret of Savoy, Henry VII., proposes to marry her, 364
Margaret of Parma, her efforts to suppress heresy, 512
Margrave of Baden, defeated, 610
Maria Theresa of Spain, marries Louis XIV., 734
Mark, De la, captures Brille, 526
Markham, concerned in the Bye Plot, pardoned, 586
Martin Mar-Prelate's pamphlets, 570 Mary, daughter of Henry VII., marries
Louis XII., 372; her gaiety, 373; mar- ries Brandon, 373
Mary, offered to Charles V., 378; to one of Francis I.'s sons, 382; declared ille- gitimate, 394; a centre for Catholic reaction, 438; persecuted, 439; passed over in Edward VI.'s will, 441; Nor- thumberland summons her to London, she escapes, rallies the nobility around her, 445; proclaimed Queen, her policy, 446; restores the Catholic Church, 447; falls in love with Philip, 448; prepares for reconciliation with Rome, declared legitimate, head of the Church, 449; her courage in Wyatt's rebellion, 450; her sternness to Elizabeth, 449, 451, 452; her mind shaken, 452, 455; her love for Philip, 453, 455; receives Pole, 453; prepares for her confinement, 454; her disappointment, motives for perse- cution, 455; her misery, 455, 458; dies,
Mary of Guise, marries James V., 415; Regent, garrisons Scotland with French- men, 495; opposes the Reformation, 496; seeks help from France, 497; dies,
Mary Stuart, born, 416; crowned, 417; marries Francis II., 427, 496; becomes Queen of France, 496; refuses to ratify the Treaty of Edinburgh, becomes a widow, 498; returns to Scotland, 499; consults Elizabeth on her marriage, 503; marries Darnley, joins the Catho- lic League, 504; quarrels with Darnley, 505; assails Murray, plans of revenge
for Rizzio's murder, 506; her son born, 507; agrees to murder Darnley, 508; favours Bothwell, 509; visits her child, marries Bothwell, 510; taken prisoner, abdicates, escapes, 511; flies to Eng- land, 512; proofs of her guilt, 515; her proposed marriage with Norfolk, 515, 517, 522; with Don John, 517; moved to Tutbury, and Coventry, 518; Elizabeth thinks of restoring her, 520; her part in the Ridolfi Plot, 522; evidence of her guilt published, 524; her death demanded, 527; effect of her intrigues on Ireland, 538; plan to re- establish her, 545; her importance declines, 549; she makes Philip her heir, is moved to Tutbury, 550; to Chartley, to Fotheringay, her trial, 555; convicted, 556; her death, 557 Mary de Medici, Regent, 602; hated by Richelieu, 640
Mary, daughter of James II., marries William III., 748; proposal to make her Queen, 788; refuses to be Queen alone, 789
Mary of Modena, second wife of James II., accepts West India slaves after the Bloody Assizes, 768; banishes Cathe- rine Sedley, 770; escapes to France, 785 Mason, his character, 476; his letter to Cecil, 473
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 526, 527 Massey, defends Gloucester, 664; his suc- cesses, 675; ordered to Ireland, 681; his Presbyterianism, 684
Matthias, invited to help the Nether- landers, 532, 551; supports Protestan- tism, 601; dies, 602
Maurice, Prince, comes to England, 659; defeats Waller, 663
Maurice of Nassau, leader of the Nether- lands, 564
Maurice, the Puritan, expelled from Par- liament, 567
Maximilian, wishes to marry Anne of Brittany, 360; acknowledges Warbeck, 360; his object in joining the Holy League, 368; he succeeds, 372; dies, 377
May, the historian, quoted, 645 Mayenne, assists Guise, 548; crowns Car- dinal Bourbon, 564
Mazarin, treats with Cromwell, 708, 712 Medina Sidonia, commands the Armada, 559, 562
Melfort, Secretary for Scotland, 772 Mendoza, the Catholics seek his protec- tion, 547; urges Guise to invade Eng- land, 548; dismissed, 549
Mercantile system, described, 798, 799 Merchants, buying land, 405, 469; increase of speculations, 469; behaviour to their tenants, 470; their wealth, 466,
467 Mercuriano, head of the Jesuits, assists Allen, 546
Middleton, Royal Commissioner, 728;
his rivalry with Lauderdale, 729; dis- missed, 730 Milanese, occupied by France, 368; given as a dowry to Charles V., 372; conquered by Francis I., 374; reconquered by Charles, 379; conquered by Francis, 380; reconquered by Charles, 380 Mildmay, dies, 570 Millenary Petition, 587
Milton, supports Cromwell, 705 Ministers, responsibility of, decided, 750, 752
Monarchy, change in its character, 357; triumph of its power, 398; lofty views of, 442; personal character of, 462; absolute over the Commons, 464; change in its position, 581, 582; idea of Divine right, 583; supported by the Church, 594; effect of the Stuart theory, 627; opinions on, 630; Hobbes' theory of, 791 Monasteries, suppression of the lesser, 397, 480-482; surrender of the greater, 410, 411, 483, 484; its effect on the labour market, 471; their number and wealth, 474, 479; disorder and igno- rance in, 479, 480
Monk, takes service in Parliamentary army, 668; negotiates with O'Neil, 691, 692; defeats the Dutch, 701; acknow- ledges the Rump, 718; marches to London, 719; invites Charles's return, 720; advises a full amnesty, 723; made Duke of Albemarle and commander of the fleet, 735
Monmouth, hires bravos to insult Coven- try, 743; his position, 754; defeats the Covenanters, 755; returns, received with enthusiasm, 756; his triumphal progress, 757; takes refuge in Holland, 764; lands in Cornwall, 765; at Bridge- water, 766; at Sedgmoor, executed, 767 Monopolies, granted by Elizabeth, 579; attacked in Parliament, 603; sold by Charles I., 629
Montague, his writings, 612; protected by Charles I., 613; proceeded against, 615; promoted, 626
Montague, commander of Cromwell's fleet, 708; wins a victory, 709; assists in the capture of Mardyke, 712; acknowledges the Rump, 718; ambassador at Paris, 750 Montmorency, minister of Henry II., 439; taken prisoner, 459; fights for the Guises, 502
Montreuil, agent of Charles I., 679 Montrose, captures Huntly, 641; forms a Royalist party, 652; his part in the Incident, 653; his efforts for Charles, 674; his victories, 675; Charles's hopes rest on him, 676; defeated at Philip- haugh, 677; supports Charles II. in Scotland, 691; defeated, 693; executed, 694
Mordaunt, Lord, joins Mary, 445
Mordaunt, Royalist conspirator, 713 More, Sir Thomas, Speaker in Parliament, opposes Wolsey, 387; Chancellor, intro- duces a Church reform bill, 389; brings the divorce before Parliament, 391; resigns the Chancellorship, 392; ar- rested, pardoned, 394; refuses the oath to the Succession Act, imprisoned, 395; executed, 396; quoted, 471; his charac- ter and works, 477
Mortmain Act, evaded, 391
Morton, at Rizzio's death, 506; outlawed, 507; tries to prevent the Bothwell mar- riage, 510; Regent, 528; executed, 544 Mounteagle, implicated in Essex's treason, 578; Gunpowder Plot revealed to, 590; discovers Fawkes, 591
Mountjoy, Deputy in Ireland, 579 Munro, Scotch general in Ireland, 667 Murray, Earl of, head of the national party, 499; controls Mary, 503; repudi- ated by Elizabeth, 505; Darnley pro- mises to recall him, Mary attacks him, 506; she pretends to favour him, 507; he retires to France, 509; returns, made Regent, 511; conquers Mary at Lang- side, 512; at the Conference at York, 514; sent back to Scotland, 515; sup- ports James, 518; assassinated, 519; effect of his death, 520
NAVIGATION ACT, 699; accepted by the Dutch, 701; its effects, 799, 800
Neil, Bishop of Winchester, attacked, 626 Netherlands, revolt of the, 512; assisted by English volunteers, 526; seek help from France, 529; the Treaty of Ghent, 532; assisted by Alençon, 533; declare their independence, 551; offer them- selves to Elizabeth, 552; Leicester governor of, 553; deserted by Elizabeth, 554; prosperity of, 564; war against the Archdukes, 589; truce with Spain, 595; opposition to Austria, 596; per- secution of Arminians, death of Barne- velt, 607; joins Richelieu's league, 611; gives refuge to Charles II., 691; two parties in, 698; their trade injured by the Navigation Act, 699; war with Cromwell, 700, 701; war with Charles II., 734-736; deserted by Louis XIV., 736; joins the Triple Alliance, 740; war with Charles II. and France, 743, 744; sympathy of England for, 748; peace of Nimeguen, 749; its double govern- ment, 765, 779, 780
Newcastle, Parliamentary commander, 661; retires to the Continent, 669 Newton, Sir Isaac, summoned before Jeffreys, 775
Noailles, French ambassador, his impor- tance, 446
Nobility, diminished by the Wars of the Roses, 357, 463; tyrannized over by Henry VII., 363; regain power under Henry VIII., 388; causes for their dis- content, 405; opposed to the Refor-
mation, 411, 442; dislike Thomas Crom- well, 405, 412, 413; hope to regain power on Cromwell's fall, 435; rally round Mary, 445; rise of a new nobility, 464; their effect on agriculture, 470; desire national independence, 492 Norfolk. [See Howard.]
Norman Leslie, his plot, 417; murders Beaton, 419; besieged in St. Andrews,
Norris, commanding the Netherlands, 553; his expedition to Spain, 563 Northampton. [See Parr.]
Northumberland. [See Dudley and Percy.] Northumberland, Lord, letter to Conway,
Nottingham, one of the Commissioners to William III., 785
Noy, becomes a courtier, 625; devises ship-money, 629
Nun of Kent, her influence, 391; executed, 394
O'DONNELL, made Earl of Tyrconnel, 632 Oates, reveals the Popish Plot, 750, 751; cruel punishment of, 763
O'Neil, Shan, his insurrection, 536 O'Neil, Tirlogh, promises allegiance, 536 O'Neil, Matthew, made Earl of Tyrone, 536 O'Neil, Brian, son of Matthew, rebels, 539; submits, 540
O'Neil, Hugh, son of Matthew, rebels,
577, 578; submits, 579; reinstated, 632 O'Neil, Owen Roe, leader of the Irish army, 680; negotiates with Monk, 691; dies, 692
O'Neil, Sir Phelim, rebels, 654 Orange. [See William.] O'Reilly, rebels, 654
Ormond (Pierce Butler), eighth Earl of, Deputy, 403; assists Skeffington against the Fitzgeralds, 404
Ormond (Thomas), tenth Earl of, em- ployed against the Fitzgeralds, 537; refuses to join in the colonization schemes, 538; ordered to suppress Des- mond, 542; his devastations, 543 Ormond (James), twelfth Earl of, his views, 654; Royalist general, 667; Charles I.'s correspondence with, 674, 675, 679, 680; gives up Dublin to the Parliament, 680; Charles intrigues with, 684; urges Charles II. to come to Ireland, 691; his power there, 692; his intrigues in England, 712; warned to leave London, 713; advises the Declara- tion of Breda, 720
Ormond (James), thirteenth Earl, deserts James II., 785 Overbury, poisoned, 598
Oxford, Lord, opposition to James I., imprisoned, 604
PACK, Sir Christopher, proposes to make Cromwell King, 710
Paget, helps Somerset to set aside Henry VIII.'s will, 422; remonstrates with
him, 431, 432, 434, 465; describes the need of reform in England, 435; allowed to coin false money, 436; sent to the Tower, 440; sent by the Council to re- ceive Mary, 446; opposes Gardiner, 452 Pale, the English, described, 401
Palmer, betrays Somerset, 440; executed,
Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, 495; prefers ritualism, 513; persecutes the Puritans, 567
Parliament, Henry VII. receives the sanction of, 356; subservient, 357, 358, 395; rarely summoned by Henry VII., 362; Wolsey rules without, 377, 386: asserts its privileges, 387; ecclesiastical legislation in, 389, 391, 392, 393, 395, 397, 412, 430, 437, 522, 523; Elizabeth's conduct to, 566, 567, 579; increased im- portance of, 584; acknowledged a Court of Record, 588; James I.'s dislike to, 599, 600, 604; opposition to James in, 594, 599, 603; character of, 609; its hold upon the Crown, 610; opposition to Charles I. in, 612, 614-616, 622- 624, 626, 627, 642; the Long Parlia- ment meets, 644, 645; passes Root and Branch Bill, 650; Triennial Bill, 651; its suspicions, 658; Ordinance of Militia, 658; takes the Covenant, 664; Self- denying Ordinance, 672, 673; Presby- terian, 680, 681; quarrels with the army, 682, 683; Pride's Purge, 686; passes sentence on Charles, 687; House of Lords abolished, 688; proposed dis- solution of, 699, 700, 702; expelled by Cromwell, 703; Barebone's, 704; under the Instrument, 706; reconstructed, 712; under Richard Cromwell, 717; the Rump, 718-720; the Convention, 722, 725; Charles II.'s, 726, 727; opposition in, 731, 733, 736, 739, 743, 745-748, 750, 757; James II.'s, 764, 769; the Convention, 788, 789
Parma, Prince of, sent against Orange, 551; besieges Antwerp, 552; conquers Leicester, 554; his knowledge of Eng- land, 559; leaves the Netherlands, 565 Parr, Catherine, marries Henry VIII., 415; marries Seymour, dies, 429 Parr, William, brother of Catherine, made Marquis of Northampton, 423; sent against the Western rebels, 433; sup- posed plot against him, 440; convicted of treason against Mary, 447; in Eliza- beth's Council, 492
Parry, his plots against Elizabeth, 550 Parsons, the Jesuit, his mission in Eng- land, 546
Parsons, Chief Justice in Ireland, 654 Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire, made Marquis of Winchester, 440; joins Mary, 445; opposes Gardiner, 452
Paulet, Sir Amyas, has charge of Mary, 550; refuses to take the responsibility of her execution, 557 Peace. [See Treaty.]
Peasantry, causes for their discontent, 405, 406; effect of the Vagrancy Act, 428; effect of the enclosures and pasture farms on, 430, 470, 471; socialistic views excited, 431; their love for Somerset, 440; hatred for Northumberland, 445; their condition, 468; their sufferings in Elizabeth's reign, 573; rebel against the enclosures, 593; oppressed by Charles I.'s taxes, 619, 628; their condition, 802, 803
Peckham, Sir Henry, imprisoned, 457 Pembroke, his opposition to Buckingham, 612
Penn, Admiral, his expedition to the West Indies, 708
Penruddruck, his plot, beheaded, 707 Pepys, his diary quoted, 720
Percy, Henry, fourth Earl of Northum- berland, killed, 359
Percy, Henry, sixth Earl of Northumber- land, supposed to have been contracted to Anne Boleyn, 400
Percy, Thomas, brother of the sixth Earl, joins the Northern rebellion, 407 Percy, Thomas (his son), seventh Earl, rebels against Elizabeth, flies to Scot- land, 518; imprisoned in Lochleven Castle, 519
Percy, Henry, ninth Earl, implicated in Main Plot, 585; imprisoned for life,
Percy, steward of the ninth Earl, joins the Gunpowder Plot, 589; killed, 591 Perkin. [See Warbeck.]
Perlin, quoted, 467, 469
Perrot, Sir John, Deputy in Ireland, 539,
Persecution of Catholics, 395, 412, 437, 439, 493, 547, 549, 588, 592; of the Cove- nanters, 728, 729, 737, 754-756, 764, 772; of the Huguenots, 494, 498, 501, 527, 613, 624, 768, 781; of Nonconfor- mists, 513, 568, 570, 587, 589, 635, 727, 729, 732, 763; of Protestants, 419, 447, 454-461, 602, 708
Petition and Advice, 710
Petition of Right, 622-624; violated,
Philibert of Savoy, proposed marriage with Elizabeth, 454; leads a Spanish army against France, 459
Philip, the Archduke, acknowledges War- beck, 360; marries Joanna, 364; dies, 365
Philip II., proposed marriage with Mary, 448; her love for him, 452; comes to England, 453; his power in England restricted, 454; leaves England, be- comes Emperor, 455; revisits England, 459; proposes to marry Elizabeth, dis- likes her Protestantism, 489; she rejects him, 492; faithful to English alliance, 494; engaged to Elizabeth of France, 495; consents to Dudley's marriage with Elizabeth, 500; thinks of espous- ing Mary's cause, 517; unwilling to go
to war with Elizabeth, 521; renews his alliance with her, 528; refuses her mediation in the Netherlands, 529; un- willing to help Ireland, 538; receives Irish refugees, 541; allows a small ex- pedition to Ireland, 542; his war with Portugal, 545, 547; promises help to Guise, 548; becomes Mary's heir, 550; desires Elizabeth's assassination, 550; detains the English ships, 553; deter- mines to invade England, 558; prepares the Armada, 559; lays claim to Brit- tany, 566; roused by Essex's victory, 571; dies, 575
Pilgrimage of Grace, 406-408 Plague, in London, 732 Plotters, the, 653
Pole, John, Earl of Lincoln, genealogy of, 409; supports Simnel, 358 Pole, Edmund de la, banished, 365 Pole, Reginald, genealogy of, 409, urges reconciliation with Rome, 448; returns to England as Legate, addresses Parlia- ment, 453; his persecutions, 454; de- posed for heresy, dies, 461
Pole, Henry, Lord Montague, his con- spiracy, 409, executed, 410
Pole, Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, head of the Yorkists, 382; implicated with the Nun of Kent, 394; her con- spiracy, 410
Ponet, made Bishop of Winchester, 437 Poor Law, passed, 573 Popes-
Adrian VI., his character, dies, 380 Clement VII., alliance with Francis I., 380; refuses the Divorce, 385; threatens excommunication, 392; ex- communicates Henry, 395 Innocent XI., his policy, 770; his quarrel with Louis XIV., 781 Julius II., his policy, 368; his success, 370; his dispensation to Henry VIII. disputed, 385, 390
Julius III., his character, 439; makes Pole Legate, sends his absolution, 453; dies, 455
Leo X., his character, 370; makes Wolsey Cardinal, 375; dies, 379; his bull against Luther, 384
Paul III., makes Fisher Cardinal, 396; sends Henry VIII. a bull of deposi- tion, 396; dies, 439
Paul ÍV., his character, 455; eager to expel the Spaniards from Naples, 459; deprives Pole for heresy, 461
Pius V., excommunicates Elizabeth, 520; instigates the Ridolfi Plot, 522; on bad terms with Philip, 538 Popish Plot, 750, 751, 754 Pouch, Captain, his rebellion, 593 Powis, joins Sunderland's party, 770; Solicitor-General, 771
Poynings, his law established in Ireland, 362; member of Henry VIII.'s ministry, 367; the law neglected by Falkland, 633; the use Wentworth made of it,
634, 635; Charles authorizes Ormond to suppress it, 674
Poyntz, follows the Scotch army, 680; his Presbyterianism, 684 Præmunire, Wolsey breaks, 376; suffers for, 388; the Church accused of break- ing, 390
Presbyterianism, established in Scotland, 568; republican principles of, 583, 645; established in England, 666; contrasted with Independency, 670; ordinance establishing it, 680: its quarrel with the army, 681; outbreak in London, 683 Preston, defeated, 691; Lord-Lieutenant of the North, 776; succeeds Sunder- land, 783
Prices, 468, 471, 473, 485, 802, 803 Pride, purges the House, 686 Privateers, their expeditions, 516, 560, 572; against Spain, 523, 563; their Protestan- tism, 534
Protestantism [see Reformation, Persecu- tion, and Puritans], Cecil's love for, 489; shown in Parliament, 522, 523; excited by the Catholic plots, 534; established in Ireland, 535, 536; in Scotland, 545 Protesters, Cromwell's sympathy with,
Prynne, his punishment, 631
Puritans, an organized body, 512, 513; in- crease of, 567; persecuted, 568, 569; triumphant, 570; their views of royalty, 583; disappointed in James I., 585, 586, 589; sign the Millenary Petition, 587; republicanism of, 645
Pym, imprisoned, 604; quoted, 644; re- fuses to interfere in the No-Bishop riots, 645; impeaches Strafford, 645; takes advantage of panics, 650; quoted, 651; fosters riots, 657; attempt to arrest him, 657
RAINSBOROUGH, Parliamentary comman- der, 678
Raleigh, his rise, 570; founds Virginia, 572; concerned in the Main Plot, 585; imprisoned, 586; released, 600; explores the Orinoco, 601; executed, 601 Randolph, ambassador to Scotland, 504; dies, 570
Ratcliffe, Thomas, third Earl of Sussex, opposes the Northern insurrection, 518; invades Scotland, 520
Ratcliffe, Henry, fourth Earl, dies, 570 Reeve, Parliamentary judge, 666 Reformation, first signs of, 357; progress of, 383; spread of, 389; its political character, 398; its disorders, 411; its violence, 424, 429, 435, 437; consequent immorality, 438, 472; opposition to, 442, 447 [see Persecution and Church] Relics, examination and destruction of, 478, 479
Remonstrance, the Great, 656
Renard, Spanish ambassador, his advice to Mary, 446, 447; suggests her marriage
with Philip, 448; urges the death of Lady Jane and Elizabeth, 447, 451, 452; his hold upon Mary, 453; disapproves of the persecution, 454; astonished at Elizabeth's Protestant measures, 492 Requescens, Regent of the Netherlands, 529; sends ambassadors to Elizabeth, 530; breaks up the Douay Seminary, 546; dies, 530 Revenue of Henry VII., 362; of Charles II., 725; of James II., 764 Richelieu, his opposition to Austria, 610; his policy, 611; English ships lent him, 613; Buckingham's quarrel with, 621; besieges La Rochelle, 624; helps the Scotch, 640, 642
Richmond, Duke of, nominated successor to Henry VIII., 400; dies, 401; Viceroy in Ireland, 403
Ridley, preaching at Paul's Cross, 424; Bishop of London, 437; imprisoned, 455; burnt, 456
Ridolfi, his conspiracy, 522, 523; dis- covered, 524
Rigby, besieges Latham House, 668
Rizzio, Mary's secretary, 505; murdered, 506
Rochester, friend of Gardiner, 452; the Government in his hands, 458 Rogers, burnt, 454
Rookwood, joins Gunpowder Plot, 590; imprisoned, 591
Root and Branch Bill, 650
Ross, Bishop of, Mary's agent, 523; con- fesses the Ridolfi Plot, 524
Rothes, a creature of Lauderdale, 730; persecutes the Covenanters, 754 Roundhead, the word first used, 657 Rudyard, quoted, 650
Rump, origin of, 687; bitterness of the excluded members, 705; restored, 718; ejected, recalled, 719; dissolves itself, 720
Rupert, comes over, 659; at Edgehill, 660; his raids, 661; takes Bristol, 662; relieves Latham House, 668; at Marston Moor, 668, 669; checks Cromwell's ad- vanee, 675; at Naseby, 676; loses Bristol, 677; commands the Irish fleet, 692; escapes to Portugal, 698; commands Charles II.'s fleet, 735
Russell, Sir John (first Earl of Bedford), suppresses the Lincolnshire rebellion, 406; suppresses the Western rebellion, 432, 433; opposes Somerset, 434 Russell, Francis (second Earl of Bedford), in Elizabeth's Council, 492 Russell, William (son of the fifth Earl of Bedford), leader of the Country party, 749; leaves the ministry, 753; withdrews from Shaftesbury's extreme measures, 758; executed for complicity in the Rye- House Plot, 759
Russell, Edward (cousin of William), signs the invitation to William III., 779 Ruthven, kills Rizzio, 506; outlawed, 507 Ruthven, Raid of, 545
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